nahid

<sec id="st1"><title>BACKGROUND</title>The inclusion of adolescents in TB drug trials is essential for the development of safe, child-friendly regimens for the prevention and treatment of TB. TB Trials Consortium Study 31/AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5349 (S31/A5349) enrolled adolescents as young as 12 years old. We assessed investigator and coordinator described facilitators and barriers to adolescent recruitment, enrollment, and retention.</sec><sec id="st2"><title>METHODS</title>Interviews were conducted with six investigators from sites that enrolled adolescent participants and six investigators from non-enrolling sites...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic plasticity gives cancer cells the ability to shift between signaling pathways to facilitate their growth and survival. This study investigates the role of glucose deprivation in the presence and absence of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in growth, death, oxidative stress and the stemness features of lung cancer cells. METHODS AND RESULTS: A549 cells were exposed to various glucose conditions, both with and without beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), to evaluate their effects on apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using flow cytometry, and the expression of CD133, CD44, SOX-9, and β-Catenin through Quantitative PCR...

Using petroleum-derived plastics has contributed significantly to environmental issues, such as greenhouse gas emissions and the accumulation of plastic waste in ecosystems. Researchers have focused on developing ecofriendly polymers as alternatives to traditional plastics to address these concerns. This review provides a comprehensive overview of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs), biodegradable biopolymers produced by microorganisms that show promise in replacing conventional plastics. The review discusses the classification, properties, and potential substrates of less studied mcl-PHAs, highlighting their greater ductility and flexibility compared to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), a well-known but brittle PHA...

BACKGROUND: Hookah smoking has pointedly increased worldwide and could have different harmful health effects. However, long term hookah smoking effects on chronic diseases has not been well studied. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between hookah smoking with metabolic syndrome and diabetes. METHODS: In this prospective study, the baseline data from 3695 participant (35-70 years old) of Bandar-e-Kong cohort study in Hormozgan province, Iran were used...

BACKGROUND: Uncovering the roles and characteristics of pathogenesis-related molecules can help us develop novel management methods in parasitology. In this study, we studied the expression levels of Strongyloides stercoralis heat shock protein70 (HSP70) ( Sst-hsp-70 ) and astacin ( Sst-ast ) as pathogenesis-related genes as well as the expression of S. ratti HSP70 and HSP17.1 ( Sra-hsp-70 , Sra-hsp-17.1 ) in the larvae and adult stages of S. stercoralis . METHODS: A hyperinfection isolate of S...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common debilitating diseases among the aging population. Nigella sativa is one potential treatment for OA. Here, we sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nigella sativa for treating patients with OA. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched up to October 20, 2022. The primary outcome was changes in the pain score after receiving Nigella sativa or control agents based on the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) among medical students and contextual factors such as gender, age, field of study, academic level, marital status, history of physical and mental illnesses, and smoking. METHODS: The present research was conducted in a cross-sectional method in 2021 on 500 students of Shiraz University of Medical Students. An e-questionnaire link was sent to them via email...

OBJECTIVES: Continuous curriculum improvements reveal the dedication of policy-makers to raising the quality of education and student learning. This study aims to report the impact of curriculum changes to the three-month pediatric course curriculum at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) on the satisfaction levels of medical students. METHODS: One hundred eighteen 4th -5th years medical students, who had completed their pediatric clinical rotation in SBMU-affiliated teaching hospitals including Mofid Children Hospital, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, and Imam Hossein Hospital from January to December 2022 were included in this cross-sectional study...

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity have multiple negative consequences for the health of both the mother and the child. Interventions to prevent excessive weight gain during pregnancy have had varying success, and the proportion of pregnant women who exceed national guidelines for weight gain continues to increase. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of factors on weight management among pregnant women with overweight or obesity METHODS: This meta-synthesis of qualitative studies involved searching databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science...

Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by biallelic pathological variants in the GBA1 gene. Patients present along a broad clinical spectrum, and phenotypes are often difficult to predict based on genotype alone. The variant R463C (p.Arg502Cys) exemplifies this challenge. To better characterize its different clinical presentations, we examined the records of 25 current and historical patients evaluated at the National Institutes of Health. Nine patients were classified as GD1, 14 were classified as GD3, and two had an ambiguous diagnosis between GD1 and GD3...

OBJECTIVES: Optimal blood pressure (BP) control is key to prevent cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We described the prevalence and factors associated with masked hypertension in CKD. METHODS: We analyzed 1113 ambulatory 24-h BP monitoring (ABPM) records of 632 patients referred for kidney function evaluation. Masked hypertension was defined as office BP less than 140/90 mmHg but daytime BP at least 135/85 mmHg or nighttime BP at least 120/70 mmHg...

OBJECTIVES: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of skin cancer and the most frequently occurring form of all cancers, affecting sun-exposed areas like the face. Surgery is the main treatment, focusing on safe and minimally invasive methods for better outcomes. Technology has enabled the development of artificial skin substitutes for tissue repair. Tissue engineering uses scaffolds to create functional replacements. This project aims to create an alginate-based hydrogel with PEG-coated gold nanoparticles...

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have emerged as a fascinating area of research in the field of pharmacology due to their diverse and potent biological activities. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological properties exhibited by EPSs, shedding light on their potential applications in various therapeutic areas. The review begins by introducing EPSs, exploring their various sources, significance in microbial growth and survival, and their applications across different industries...

BACKGROUND: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most important and common disorders among premature infants. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effect of the combination of surfactant and budesonide with surfactant alone on Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality rate among premature infants with RDS. METHOD: An outcome assessor-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 134 premature infants with RDS who were born in Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan, Iran in 2021...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Characterization of visible abnormalities in Barrett esophagus (BE) patients can be challenging, especially for unexperienced endoscopists. This results in suboptimal diagnostic accuracy and poor inter-observer agreement. Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) systems may assist endoscopists. We aimed to develop, validate and benchmark a CADx system for BE neoplasia. METHODS: The CADx system received pretraining with ImageNet with consecutive domain-specific pretraining with GastroNet which includes 5 million endoscopic images...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising frontier in plant science owing to their unique physicochemical properties and versatile applications. CNTs enhance stress tolerance by improving water dynamics and nutrient uptake and activating defence mechanisms against abiotic and biotic stresses. They can be taken up by roots and translocated within the plant, impacting water retention, nutrient assimilation, and photosynthesis. CNTs have shown promise in modulating plant-microbe interactions, influencing symbiotic relationships and mitigating the detrimental effects of phytopathogens...

OBJECTIVE: Celiac disease is a common chronic inflammatory condition of the small intestine caused by permanent intolerance to gluten/gliadin. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms that is involved in gliadin toxicity, and there is a correlation between oxidative damage with this disease. Similarly, increased oxidative stress was repeatedly reported in infertile men which led to low-quality of sperm function. Therefore, we aimed to assess sperm parameters and chromatin status in men with Celiac disease...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Enterobacter cloacae ( E. cloacae ) is one of the most common Enterobacteriaceae causing nosocomial infections. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants have been considered recently. This study evaluated the abundance of PMQR genes in strains of E. cloacae obtained from clinical samples in Kermanshah, Iran. METHODS: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, after collecting 113 isolates of E. cloacae , their identity was confirmed using specific biochemical tests...

BH3-mimetics represent promising anti-cancer agents in tumors that rely on the anti-apoptotic function of B-Cell Lymphoma 2 (BCL2) proteins, particularly in leukemia and lymphoma cells primed for apoptosis. Mechanistically, BH3-mimetics may displace pro-apoptotic binding partners thus inducing BAX/BAK-mediated mitochondrial permeabilization followed by cytochrome c release, activation of the caspase cascade and apoptosis. Here, we describe a novel mode of caspase-independent cell death (CICD) induced by BH3-mimetics in a subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells...