co-occurring disorders

INTRODUCTION: The research criteria for prodromal Parkinson disease (pPD) depends on prospectively validated clinical inputs with large effect sizes and/or high prevalence. Neither traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), nor chronic pain are currently included in the calculator, despite recent evidence of association with pPD. These conditions are widely prevalent, co-occurring, and already known to confer risk of REM behavior disorder (RBD) and PD. Few studies have examined PD risk in the context of TBI and PTSD; none have examined chronic pain...

BACKGROUND: Roughly more than one in six adults worldwide suffer from psychiatric conditions. Sporadic studies have associated parental psychiatric disorders with autism spectrum disorder in offspring. Comprehensively examining the association between parental psychiatric disorders and offspring autism spectrum disorder is needed to guide health policies, and to inform etiologic studies. METHODS: We included all children born in Sweden and Finland 1997-2016. Diagnoses were clinically ascertained from National Registers through 2017...

BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has considerable relevance in neural growth and differentiation. It has been evaluated as a biomarker for individuals with various psychiatric disorders such as substance-related disorders and psychotic disorders. OBJECTIVE: The present study explored differences in the levels of BDNF (in serum) among subjects using cannabis (with and without schizophrenia). METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study compared the serum BDNF level in male subjects aged 18-45 years...

AIM: This study aimed to verify the real-world efficacy and safety of quetiapine fumarate extended-release tablets (Bipresso® 50 mg and 150 mg; marketing authorization holder is KYOWA Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) in patients with bipolar depression. METHODS: We performed a post-marketing surveillance with an observation period of 12 weeks. RESULTS: In the safety analysis group (n = 345), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurred in 111 patients (32...

The neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hypothetically related to the imbalance between neural excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Different studies have revealed that alpha-band (8-12 Hz) activity in magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG and EEG) may reflect E and I processes and, thus, can be of particular interest in ASD research. Previous findings indicated alterations in event-related and baseline alpha activity in different cortical systems in individuals with ASD, and these abnormalities were associated with core and co-occurring conditions of ASD...

Autistic individuals experience high rates of behavioral crises that present to healthcare providers for medication management. Co-occurring psychiatric conditions and psychotropic medication use are common among this patient population. Particularly for those with limited expressive language, evaluating for the presence of psychiatric and medical conditions that could contribute to distress is a critical component of crisis management. A records review study was completed on 126 autistic individuals for whom medical decision-making support was requested from The Huntsman Mental Health Institute Neurobehavior Consultation Service...

Autism severity is currently defined and measured based exclusively on the severity levels of the two core symptom domains: social-communication and restricted or repetitive patterns of behaviors and interests. Autistic individuals, however, are often diagnosed with other medical, developmental, and psychological co-occurring conditions. These additional challenges such as intellectual disability, limited expressive and/or receptive language, and anxiety disorders, can have a tremendous impact on the day-to-day lives of autistic individuals, for both their adaptive functioning as well as their sense of wellbeing...

BACKGROUND: Excessive discounting of future rewards [delay discounting (DD)] may be a transdiagnostic process and treatment target underlying behavioral health outcomes, including trauma, depression, anxiety, and problematic substance use. However, multiple health behaviors and barriers are also related to these outcomes, including social media usage, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), sleep quality, healthcare access, housing status, and exercise. To extend research examining DD as transdiagnostic process, we recruited a large, heterogenous sample to examine the association between DD, problematic substance use, and mental health outcomes while controlling for certain health behaviors and health barriers...

The critical role of executive functioning in autism as well as the co-occurring mental health challenges common among autistic youth support to the immense value of interventions targeting executive functioning for enhancing mental health services for autistic children. The goal of the present study was to conduct a randomized feasibility trial of Unstuck and On Target, an executive functioning intervention, adapted for delivery in children's community mental health setting. Mental health therapists (n = 26) enrolled with participating autistic clients (n = 32) were randomized to receive training in and deliver the adapted Unstuck intervention or to deliver care as usual...

Numerous treatment options are being studied for Alzheimer's disease (AD) given the rising prevalence of this condition worldwide. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a promising option for regulating specific neurological abnormalities pertaining to this condition. This case presents a patient with AD and co-occurring major depressive disorder that received 36 sessions of Deep TMS to the frontal and temporal lobes. This patient experienced improved general cognitive functioning and memory, remission from depression, and reduced slow-frequency theta activity in frontal and temporal sites...

BACKGROUND: Dual disorders (DDs) involve the coexistence of a substance use disorder (SUD) with another mental illness, often from the psychotic and affective categories. They are quite common in clinical practice and present significant challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. This study explores the effectiveness of brexpiprazole, a third-generation antipsychotic, in an Italian sample of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and a comorbid SUD. METHODS: Twenty-four patients, diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5 ) and enrolled in several Italian hospitals, underwent a psychometric assessment at baseline (T0) and one month (T1) after starting brexpiprazole treatment administered at a mean dosage of 2 mg/day...

Background: Sotos syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by NSD1 gene (nuclear receptor binding SET domain containing protein 1) variants and characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, learning disabilities, and co-occurring neuropsychiatric symptoms. Methods: Literature sources published in 2002-2023 were selected and analyzed from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Results: Neuropsychiatric symptoms are observed among children and adolescents with Sotos syndrome. The majority have intellectual disabilities or borderline intellect...

With over 40,000 opioid-related overdose deaths between January 2016 and June 2023, the opioid-overdose crisis is a significant public health concern for Canada. The opioid crisis arose from a complex system involving prescription opioid use, the use of prescription opioids not as prescribed, and non-medical opioid use. The increasing presence of fentanyl and its analogues in the illegal drugs supply has been an important driver of the crisis. In response to the overdose crisis, governments at the municipal, provincial/territorial, and federal levels have increased actions to address opioid-related harms...

Family accommodation (e.g., reassurance, modifying routines, assisting avoidance) has not been explored among youth with misophonia but may have important clinical and intervention implications. We examined family accommodation in 102 children and adolescents with interview-confirmed misophonia and compared its frequency and content to family accommodation in 95 children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Findings showed that family accommodation was ubiquitous in pediatric misophonia and may be even more frequent than in youth with anxiety disorders...

Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often engage in harmful alcohol use. These co-occurring conditions are associated with negative health consequences and disability. PTSD and harmful drinking are typically experienced as closely related-thus treatments that target both simultaneously are preferred by patients. Many individuals with PTSD and harmful alcohol use receive primary care services but encounter treatment barriers in engaging in specialty mental health and substance use services...

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety co-occur frequently and there is heterogeneity in the co-occurrence of such symptoms; however, few previous studies investigated the heterogeneity based on person-centered perspectives in adolescents. The primary aim of our study was to explore it using latent profile analysis (LPA), a person-centered statistical approach. METHOD: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to examine depression and anxiety symptoms in 7422 Chinese adolescents from 23 primary and secondary schools...

While procedural learning (PL) has been implicated in delayed motor skill observed in developmental coordination disorder (DCD), few studies have considered the impact of co-occurring attentional problems. Furthermore, the neurostructural basis of PL in children remains unclear. We investigated PL in children with DCD while controlling for inattention symptoms, and examined the role of fronto-basal ganglia-cerebellar morphology in PL. Fifty-nine children (6-14 years; nDCD  = 19, ncontrol  = 40) completed the serial reaction time (SRT) task to measure PL...

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Bedtime and sleep disturbances are ubiquitous in children with autism. The telehealth delivery of a behavior analytic parent training program was earlier reported to be efficacious in improving child sleep and parent sense of competency. Our aim in this brief report was to determine the durability of the telehealth delivered sleep parent training program (SPT) compared to the control condition in this randomized controlled trial. Telehealth delivery could be a means to expand access to such early treatment if efficacious...

Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) has emerged as a key therapeutic agent for the management of spasticity. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis of research concerning BoNT-A treatment of spasticity to elucidate current trends and future directions in this research area. A search was conducted in the Web of Science database for articles focused on the use of BoNT-A in spasticity published between 2000 and 2022. We extracted various metrics, including counts of publications and contributions from different countries, institutions, authors, and journals...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Defined by chronic pain, rheumatic diseases are often co-occurring with anxiety and depression. Among the available psychological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapies have an already-proven efficiency in these cases. However, the need to adjust their structure became ubiquitous during the post-pandemic period. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a single-session, process-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for patients with rheumatic conditions within an in-patient setting...