Addictions counseling

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are high rates of comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Evidence-based trauma-focused psychotherapies such as Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) are a first-line treatment for PTSD. Veterans with OUD are treated primarily in substance use disorder (SUD) clinics where the standard of care is drug counseling; they often do not have access to first-line PTSD treatments. This study tested whether CPT can be conducted safely and effectively in veterans with comorbid OUD treated with buprenorphine...

BACKGROUND: Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD); however, buprenorphine initiation can be complicated by withdrawal symptoms including precipitated withdrawal. There has been increasing interest in using low dose initiation (LDI) strategies to reduce this withdrawal risk. As there are limited data on withdrawal symptoms during LDI, we characterize withdrawal symptoms in people with daily fentanyl use who underwent initiation using these strategies as outpatients...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes recently has been identified as a growing epidemic. Although insulin's vital role in both types of diabetes, it is considered one of the harmful medications if used incorrectly. In Egypt, effective usage of insulin remains a challenge due to insufficient knowledge of insulin and diabetes management, leading to errors in insulin therapy. As pharmacists are experts in pharmacological knowledge, they are uniquely situated to assess adherence to treatment regimens, the effect of drug therapy, or potential alterations in drug therapy to meet patient goals...

BACKGROUND: Pharmacy-based screening and brief interventions (SBI) offer opportunities to identify opioid misuse and opioid safety risks and provide brief interventions that do not overly burden pharmacists. Currently, such interventions are being developed without patient input and in-depth contextual data and insufficient translation into practice. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore and compare patient and pharmacist perceptions and needs regarding a pharmacy-based opioid misuse SBI and to identify relevant SBI features and future implementation strategies...

INTRODUCTION: In Thailand, smoking cessation services have been developed to reach smokers who want to quit. However, in universities, smoking cessation services are still limited. This study aimed to identify smokers' opinions on smoking and customized cessation, and to synthesize a cessation model in the university context using the Health Belief Model. METHODS: A qualitative research method was designed. In-depth interviews with semi-structured questions following the Health Belief Model framework were conducted with students, teachers, and supporting staff who were current smokers...

Reinke's edema (RE) is a benign pathological non-inflammatory disorder of the vocal folds with a wide range of clinical manifestations. We aim to investigate the relationship between Reinke's edema and some common inhalant abuse. In this case-control study, subjective consisted of 23 patients with RE (the cases), and 50 patients with sinusitis (control) who underwent surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology, between 2015 and 2020. Demographic characteristics, history of some related disease, methods, and the duration of cigarette, and opium consumption were collected through the patients' files...

BACKGROUND: Self-management of opioid use disorder (OUD) is an important component of treatment. Many patients receiving opioid agonist treatment in methadone maintenance treatment settings benefit from counseling treatments to help them improve their recovery skills but have insufficient access to these treatments between clinic appointments. In addition, many addiction medicine clinicians treating patients with OUD in a general medical clinic setting do not have consistent access to counseling referrals for their patients...

OBJECTIVE: Understanding the causal mechanisms through which telephone and mobile health continuing care approaches reduce alcohol use can help develop more efficient interventions that effectively target these mechanisms. Self-efficacy for successfully coping with high-risk alcohol relapse situations is a theoretically and empirically supported mediator of alcohol treatment. This secondary analysis aims to examine self-efficacy as a mechanism through which remote-delivered continuing care interventions reduce alcohol use...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the workflow, reach, cost, and self-reported quit rates for an opt-out tobacco treatment program (TTP) for patients seen in 43 oncology outpatient clinics. METHODS: Between May 25, 2021, and December 31, 2022, adult patients (≥18 years) visiting clinics affiliated with the Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center were screened for smoking status. Those currently smoking were referred to a telehealth pharmacy-assisted TTP...

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is one of the most remarkable experiences in a woman's life. Prenatal depression, characterized by stress and worry associated with pregnancy, can reach severe levels. On a global scale, mental and addictive disorders affect more than one billion people, causing 19% of years lived with disability. It is estimated that 25-35% of pregnant women experience depressive symptoms, with 20% meeting the diagnostic criteria for major depression. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine depression during pregnancy in Ethiopia...

INTRODUCTION: The Stoptober House is part of the annual national Stoptober smoking cessation campaign in the Netherlands. During the first week of October, 48 volunteers resided in the tobacco-free Stoptober House for 5 days and received smoking cessation counseling. This pilot study explored how the Stoptober House may have facilitated smoking cessation among participants. METHODS: We included 48 individuals who were selected for the Stoptober House (intervention group) and 67 individuals who were not selected (control group)...

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study aimed to establish normative values for Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score in adult Indian population without known sino-nasal diseases. The purpose was to fill a critical knowledge gap, providing insights into how various host factors influence SNOT-22 scores which seek to serve as reference for clinical studies, facilitating comparisons of symptom severity and aid in patient counselling based on specific score patterns. METHODS: One thousand and twelve adults meeting inclusion criteria participated in the study...

INTRODUCTION:  Tobacco smoking remains a health concern, especially in developing countries. Nicotine is significantly linked to many cancers and even second-hand exposure. Hence, smoking can increase the risk of lung and heart disease. This makes quitting smoking important and challenging. Success tends to rise by achieving abstinence with assisted pharmacology. These treatments aim to reduce symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. This is a preclinical trial on glutamate modulator in N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a new potential treatment for smoking cessation...

BACKGROUND: Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are a novel modality for treating patients with similar conditions, together, by a team of interdisciplinary providers. SMAs benefit patients with substance use disorder (SUD), but no research has focused on the feasibility of implementation of SMAs in a teaching clinic. METHODS: Primary care residents rotated in a half-day ambulatory addiction clinic for 4 weeks where a third-year resident co-facilitated 4 SMAs...

BACKGROUND: The feasibility of precision smoking treatment in socioeconomically disadvantaged communities has not been studied. METHODS: Participants in the Southern Community Cohort Study who smoked daily were invited to join a pilot randomized controlled trial of three smoking cessation interventions: guideline-based care (GBC), GBC plus nicotine metabolism-informed care (MIC), and GBC plus counseling guided by a polygenic risk score (PRS) for lung cancer. Feasibility was assessed by rates of study enrollment, engagement, and retention, targeting > 70% for each...

Background: Psychoactive substance abuse can affect biological, psychological, social, and spiritual aspects, as well as the users' quality of life, and obliged to carry out medical and social rehabilitation. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of holistic rehabilitation programs on quality of life among drug abusers. Methods: Quasi-experimental with time series design. The sample of this study amounted to 54 people, taken by G-power, all participants who will take part in the rehabilitation program at the National Narcotics Board rehabilitation clinic...

AIMS: Three smoking cessation studies (CARE, Break Free, Por Nuestra Salud [PNS]) were used to measure changes in average alcohol consumption, binge drinking and alcohol-related problems during a smoking cessation attempt and to explore co-action with smoking abstinence. DESIGN: CARE and PNS were longitudinal cohort cessation studies; Break Free was a two-arm randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Texas, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were current smokers who were recruited from the community and received smoking cessation interventions...

The smoking epidemic is the greatest threat to global public health that has ever existed. Teenagers constantly perceive smoking as a way to communicate with friends and express their emotions. Adolescent smokers should be noticed immediately before the extended period of tobacco addiction and being resistant to the interventions. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of healthcare interventions targeting smoking cessation in adolescents within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to summarize the options, benefits, and affordability of interventions for quitting smoking that may be implemented in LMICs...

OBJECTIVES: Smoking prevalence remains high among low-income smokers. Understanding processes (eg, withdrawal, craving, motivation) in early smoking cessation is crucially important for designing effective interventions for this population. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a novel, in-session sampling intervention (ie, In Vivo) as compared with standard care behavioral smoking cessation counseling (SC) among community-dwelling low-income smokers (n = 83)...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined illness models among people with addiction. We investigated illness models and their associations with demographics and treatment beliefs among patients receiving methadone treatment for opioid use disorder. METHODS: From January 2019 to February 2020, patients receiving methadone treatment at outpatient opioid treatment programs provided demographics and rated using 1 to 7 Likert-type scales agreement with addiction illness models (brain disease model, chronic medical condition model [CMCM], and no explanation [NEM]) and treatment beliefs...