Non-motor parkinson's disease

The progressive nature of Parkinson's disease and its associated motor and non-motor symptoms can lead to various complications when patients experience immobilization, exacerbating existing motor impairments and potentially giving rise to secondary health issues. The variability, progression, and management of tremors in PD can be challenging. Due to low bone mass density, patients with Parkinson's disease are susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. The lack of movement can worsen muscle rigidity and stiffness, leading to contractures and a decreased range of motion in joints...

With disease-modifying treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) associated with variants in the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1) under way, the challenge to design clinical trials with non-PD-manifest GBA mutation carriers (GBA1NMC ) comes within close reach. To delineate trajectories of motor and non-motor markers as well as serum neurofilament light (sNfL) levels and to evaluate clinical endpoints as outcomes for clinical trials in GBA1NMC , longitudinal data of 56 GBA1NMC carriers and 112 age- and sex-matched GBA1 wildtype participants (GBA1wildtype ) with up to 9 years of follow-up was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models (LMEM) and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of clinical endpoints for motor and cognitive function...

BACKGROUND: LRRK2-G2019S is the most frequent mutation in North African Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.Data on its impact on disease progression and treatment response remains elusive.Therefore, we aimed to explore the clinical features,treatments,and complications through the disease course of PD Tunisian patients according to their LRRK2-G2019S profile. METHODS: Longitudinal retrospective study conducted in the department of Neurology,Razi University Hospital...

INTRODUCTION: Given the unique natural history of GBA -related Parkinson's disease ( GBA -PD) and the potential for novel treatments in this population, genetic testing prioritization for the identification of GBA -PD patients is crucial for prognostication, individualizing treatment, and stratification for clinical trials. Assessing the predictive value of certain clinical traits for the GBA -variant carrier status will help target genetic testing in clinical settings where cost and access limit its availability...

Alpha-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) has been found to play a role in modulating the central immune system and inflammatory responses. Limited studies have assessed the correlations between serum FUT8 levels and various non-motor symptoms associated with early Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, our research aims to investigate the associations between serum FUT8 levels and symptoms such as smell dysfunction, sleep duration, sleep problems, and MMSE scores in PD patients. FUT8 and neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)...

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a multitude of motor and non-motor clinical symptoms resulting from the progressive and long-lasting abnormal loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Currently, the available treatments for patients with Parkinson's disease are limited and exert only symptomatic effects, without adequate signs of delaying or stopping the progression of the disease. Atsttrin constitutes the bioengineered protein which ultrastructure is based on the polypeptide chain frame of the progranulin (PGRN), which exerts anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of TNFα...

Glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) mutations are the most important genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinically, mild (e.g., p.N370S) and severe (e.g., p.L444P and p.D409H) GBA1 mutations have different PD phenotypes, with differences in age at disease onset, progression, and the severity of motor and non-motor symptoms. We hypothesize that GBA1 mutations cause the accumulation of α-synuclein by affecting the cross-talk between cellular protein degradation mechanisms, leading to neurodegeneration...

BACKGROUND: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) variant associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk in Asians, rs9638616, was recently reported, and maps to WBSCR17/GALNT17, which is involved in synaptic transmission and neurite development. OBJECTIVE: To test the association of the rs9638616 T allele with imaging-derived measures of brain microstructure and function. METHODS: We analyzed 3-Tesla MRI and genotyping data from 116 early PD patients (aged 66...

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that morbidity and mortality due to Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasing faster than for other neurodegenerative conditions. People with Parkinson's (PwP) present with a variety of motor symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Freezing of gait (FoG) is a significant motor symptom that manifests as temporary episodes of inability to move one's feet, despite the intention to walk. AIMS: This study examined the impact of FoG on quality of life (QoL) within an Irish cohort of PwP, from the perspectives of both PwP and their carers, using validated questionnaires that had been adapted for online use...

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protects dopaminergic neurons in various models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cell-based GDNF gene delivery mitigates neurodegeneration and improves both motor and non-motor functions in PD mice. As PD is a chronic condition, this study aims to investigate the long-lasting benefits of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-based macrophage/microglia-mediated CNS GDNF (MMC-GDNF) delivery in an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model. The results indicate that GDNF treatment effectively ameliorated MPTP-induced motor deficits for up to 12 months, which coincided with the protection of nigral dopaminergic neurons and their striatal terminals...

UNLABELLED: The effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) on motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been thoroughly analyzed. The influence of STN DBS on non-motor symptoms (NMS) is still debatable. We analyzed the effect of STN DBS on NMS in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 17 PD patients were qualified for STN DBS according to CAPSIT-PD criteria. Demographic data and clinical status according to the Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) were recorded. The efficacy of STN DBS on NMS was measured with the NMS Scale before surgery and twelve months after surgery...

INTRODUCTION: Dual-tasking is a non-pharmacological intervention in people with neurodegenerative conditions, and is used in Parkinson's disease (PD), primarily to enhance motor performance. The aim of this review is to compile the current evidence on how dual-task training affects cognitive processes in people with PD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken, applying PRISMA guidelines, which included articles obtained from the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Springer Link databases...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal inputs, which causes striatal network dysfunction and leads to pronounced motor deficits. Recent evidence highlights astrocytes as a potential local source of striatal network modulation. However, it remains unknown how dopamine loss affects striatal astrocyte activity and whether astrocyte activity regulates behavioral deficits in PD. We addressed these questions by performing astrocyte-specific calcium recordings and manipulations using in vivo fiber photometry and chemogenetics...

Device aided therapies (DAT) comprising the intrajejunal administration of levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) and levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone intestinal gel (LECIG), the continuous subcutaneous application of foslevodopa/foscarbidopa or apomorphine infusion (CSAI) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) are used to treat Parkinson's disease with insufficient symptom alleviation under intensified pharmacotherapy. These DAT significantly differ in their efficacy profiles, indication, invasiveness, contraindications, and potential side effects...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Recent data highlight similarities between neurodegenerative diseases, including PD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), suggesting a crucial interplay between the gut-brain axis. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, known for their use in T2DM treatment, are currently extensively studied as novel PD modifying agents. For this narrative review article, we searched PubMed and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed research, review articles and clinical trials regarding GLP-1R agonists and PD published in the English language with no time restrictions...

Background : Depression is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly impacts both the patients and their caregivers. The associations between depression and the responses from commonly used questionnaires for PD patients were assessed. New patients presenting to the Movement Disorder Center completed a number of questionnaires, including assessments of the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, including depression. Methods : The PD patients were grouped according to severity of depression: none, mild, and moderate-severe, based on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores...

BACKGROUND: Quantitative 3D movement analysis using inertial measurement units (IMUs) allows for a more detailed characterization of motor patterns than clinical assessment alone. It is essential to discriminate between gait features that are responsive or unresponsive to current therapies to better understand the underlying pathophysiological basis and identify potential therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to characterize the responsiveness and temporal evolution of different gait subcomponents in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients in their OFF and various ON states following levodopa administration, utilizing both wearable sensors and the gold-standard MDS-UPDRS motor part III...

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) are sensitive to effects of long-term stress, but might differ in stress resilience, i.e. the ability to maintain mental health despite adversity. It is unclear whether stress resilience in PD is predominantly determined by dopamine deficiency, psychosocial factors, or both. In PD animal models, chronic stressors accelerate disease progression, but evidence in humans is lacking. Our objectives were to (1) distinguish stressor-reactive from resilient PD patients, (2) identify resilience factors, and (3) compare symptom progression between stressor-reactive and resilient patients...

Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to a vast array of vitamins among which vitamin B12 (Vit B12) is the most relevant and often investigated specially in the context of intrajejunal levodopa infusion therapy. Vit B12 deficiency, itself, has been reported to cause acute parkinsonism. Nevertheless, concrete mechanisms through which B12 deficiency interacts with PD in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and progression remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that Vit B12 deficiency along with the induced hyperhomocysteinemia are correlated with specific PD phenotypes characterized with early postural instability and falls and more rapid motor progression, cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations and autonomic dysfunction...

Axial postural abnormalities (PA) are frequent, highly disabling, and drug-refractory motor complications affecting patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or atypical parkinsonism. Over the past few years, advances have been reached across diagnosis, assessment, and pathophysiological mechanisms of PA. Nonetheless, their management remains a challenge, and these disturbances are generally overlooked by healthcare professionals, potentially resulting in their worsening and impact on patients' disabilities. From shared consensus-based assessment and diagnostic criteria, PA calls for interdisciplinary management based on the complexity and multifactorial pathogenesis...