American Urological Association

OBJECTIVE: The Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is a validated tool for identifying nutritional status in patients receiving maintenance dialysis (MHD), but it is not without limitations. Current research identifies additional clinical characteristics such as phase angle (PhA) associated with SGA. This study aimed to assess the overall correlation between PhA and SGA; associations between PhA and SGA by body mass index (BMI), and to identify clinical characteristics associated with SGA...

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies in the United States, with over 80,000 new cases and 16,000 deaths each year. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common histology and accounts for 90% of cases. BC management is complicated by recurrence rates of over 50% in both muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. As such, the American Urological Association (AUA) recommends that patients undergo close surveillance during and after treatment. This surveillance is in the form of cystoscopy or imaging tests, which can be invasive and costly tests...

PURPOSE: To explore the current trends in burnout, career choice regret, and well-being needs among urology residents and fellows, with specific emphasis on identifying key factors associated with burnout. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The American Urological Association (AUA) Workforce Workgroup collaborated with the AUA Data Team to analyze data from the 2021 AUA Census, comprising a total of 243 residents and fellows. Key demographics, benefits and resources, career choice and debt, and burnout levels were analyzed, focusing on variables like gender, postgraduate year (PGY) level, debt burden, and personal health appointments...

The emotional impact of surgical complications on urologists is a significant yet historically under-addressed issue. Traditionally, surgeons have been expected to cope with complications and their psychological effects in silence, perpetuating a culture of perfectionism and 'silent suffering.' This has left many unprepared to handle the emotional toll of adverse events during their training and early careers. Recognizing the gap in structured education on this matter, there is a growing movement to openly address and educate on the emotional consequences of surgical complications...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Patients with intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (IR NMIBC) have a high risk of recurrence and need effective therapies to reduce the risk of disease recurrence or progression. This phase 1b study (NCT02720367) assessed the safety and tolerability of TAR-200, an intravesical drug delivery system, in participants with IR NMIBC. METHODS: Participants with recurrent IR NMIBC were eligible. Participants received either two 7-d or two 21-d TAR-200 dosing cycles over a 4-6-wk period in a marker lesion/ablation design...

For many years, transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsies have been performed to establish a histological diagnosis of prostate cancer. This has been the recommended standard of care procedure, but has always carried risks, in particular the risk of post-procedural sepsis, and the associated antibiotic burden and risk of development of antibiotic resistance. Transperineal (TP) prostate biopsies performed under local anaesthetic (LA) have been proposed as a possible solution to these issues, with potentially lower infectious complications, and avoidance of need for antibiotic prophylaxis...

BACKGROUND: Dietary nutrient intake contributes to urination; however, the association between dietary nutrient intake, especially that of fat, and urinary incontinence (UI) is not well understood. The most common types of UI include stress UI (SUI) and urgency UI (UUI). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential effect(s) of dietary fat intake on UI and explore its mechanism of action in relation to body mass index (BMI). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of data from 15,121 individuals (20-85 years of age) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2008), a random population-based sample, was performed...

INTRODUCTION: In this retrospective database review, the objective was to investigate the ethnic composition of urology applicants and residents in recent years and assess whether any advancements have been made in enhancing the recruitment of candidates from historically underrepresented groups in medicine. METHODS: A retrospective database review was conducted on self-reported data on the ethnicity of urology applicants from academic year 2016 to 2017 (AY2016) to AY2021 and urology residents from AY2011 to AY2021...

BACKGROUND: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare disease with a potentially dismal prognosis. We systematically compared international guidelines on UTUC to analyze similitudes and differences among them. METHODS: We conducted a search on MEDLINE/PubMed for guidelines related to UTUC from 2010 to the present. In addition, we manually explored the websites of urological and oncological societies and journals to identify pertinent guidelines. We also assessed recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Network, the Canadian Urological Association, the European Society for Medical Oncology, and the International Consultation on Bladder Cancer, considering their expertise and experience in the field...

PURPOSE: The incidence of kidney stone disease has increased worldwide, resulting in high medical costs and social burden. Kidney stone disease shares some common features with the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We investigated the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) based on the Life's Essential 8 (LE8) score developed by the American Heart Association and the incidence of kidney stone disease. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 29,469 US adults aged 20 years or above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018...

UNLABELLED: This study aims to outline the clinical and pathological characteristics of bladder xanthoma, alongside its diagnostic and treatment approaches. METHODS: We reviewed bladder xanthoma literature spanning the last 60 years from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline. Additionally, we analyzed clinical data from a singular case of bladder xanthoma treated at our hospital. Patient particulars, including age, gender, symptoms, tumor size, associated neoplasms, imaging results, and pathological findings, were documented...

Cryptorchidism presents with an incidence of 1-5% with potential long-term implications on future fertility and overall health. This review focuses on surgical treatment modalities, their impact on testicular development, and function while addressing the Nordic consensus statement as well as current European Association of Urology (EAU) and American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines. Congenital and acquired cryptorchidism present distinctive challenges in surgical management, with different implications for fertility...

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify the main risk factors for nephrolithiasis in Asian populations, with comparisons to European and American populations. Using a comprehensive literature search across PubMed, Science Direct, and ResearchGate, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we synthesized data from 11 geographically diverse studies. Our findings reveal substantial population-specific differences in nephrolithiasis risk factors, particularly familial history, water consumption, and smoking patterns...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and management of nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy at a tertiary care hospital in British Columbia from January 2016 to April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, laboratory results, imaging reports, and urologic consultations were examined. Descriptive statistics and relevant statistical tests, including logistic regressions, were utilized for data analysis...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety of sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab and examine the impact on tissue and circulating immune cell populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients were chemotherapy and immunotherapy naïve (bacille Calmette-Guérin allowed) with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer or non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer planned for radical cystectomy (RC). The study was a Phase Ib 3 + 3 dose-escalation design with sub-urothelial injection of durvalumab at three pre-determined doses (25, 75, 150 mg) diluted in 25 mL normal saline, injected at 25 locations (25 × 1 mL injections), at least 2 weeks before RC...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a wearable, smartphone-controlled, rechargeable transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) device in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multicentre, prospective, single-blind, randomised clinical trial included eligible patients with OAB symptoms who were randomly assigned to the stimulation group or sham group. The primary efficacy outcome was change from baseline in voiding frequency/24 h after 4 weeks of treatment...

Introduction Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the standard surgical procedure for obstructive symptoms of the lower urinary tract when medical management fails. Progression in TURP procedures has led to reduced catheterization time following transurethral prostatic resection. This study describes the methods and results of TURP performed in the day surgery setting. Materials and methods This retrospective study was performed at a day surgical hospital serving a patient population of more than 200,000 people...

BACKGROUND: Despite similar diagnostic effectiveness for renal colic, computed tomography (CT) is more resource intensive than point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS). We sought to compare Emergency Department (ED) length of stay (LOS) among patients with renal colic according to imaging modality utilized. We secondarily compared rates of infection, return ED visits, missed significant pathology, and urologic intervention. METHODS: This was a 12-month (1/1/22-12/31/22) multi-site retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with renal colic who presented to the ED on days when at least one patient had a billable renal PoCUS examination performed...

AIMS: This paper explores Black women's perspectives on bladder health using a social-ecological conceptual framework and life course perspective. METHODS: We conducted a directed content analysis of data from the Study of Habits, Attitudes, Realities, and Experiences (SHARE), a focus group study by the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium. Analysis was conducted on data from five focus groups and a member-checking session where all participants self-identified as Black or African American...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this white paper is to educate health care professionals about the evolution of telemedicine (TM) and to propose a hybrid model that leverages the strengths of traditional in-person medicine as well as virtual medicine while maximizing the safety and quality of men's sexual health care. LITERATURE SEARCH STRATEGY: A literature search focused on the use of TM in urology and men's health was performed through PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (January 1, 2012-April 26, 2022)...