keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532552/an-lc-ms-ms-method-for-the-determination-of-drugs-of-abuse-included-thc-cooh-etg-and-nps-using-a-single-hair-extraction-sample
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valentina Longo, Giulia Stocchero, Manuela Lucchiari, Giovanni Michele Marchio, Flora Donini, Francesco Ingenito, Lucia Bertoldi, Lucia Pecoraro, Adriano Anesi, Donata Favretto
Hair analysis plays an important role in the determination of drugs of abuse in both forensic and clinical toxicology investigations. The analysis of different substances often requires the use of different sample preparation methods, thereby increasing the amount of hair sample and time required. In the present study, a fast method involving a combination of a single 25 mg hair extraction procedure and four liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods using the same chromatographic phases and column was developed and validated...
March 26, 2024: Drug Testing and Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528319/lycium-barbarum-polysaccharide-mitigated-methamphetamine-addiction-and-altered-methamphetamine-induced-gut-microbiota-dysbiosis
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingshen Zhuang, Qianling Chen, Luyao Xu, Dongfang Qiao, Xuebing Chen
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive mental stimulant, and MA abuse remains a significant public health problem worldwide, while effective treatment options are limited. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a major effective component extracted from Lycium barbarum, has potential health-promoting effects on the nervous system; however, its role in MA dependence remains unclear. In this study, the conditioned place preference (CPP) of MA addiction in adult male mice was established to detect changes in gut microbiota profiles after LBP treatment through 16S rRNA gene sequencing...
March 25, 2024: Electrophoresis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519818/stimulus-mediation-specificity-and-impact-of-menthol-in-rats-trained-to-discriminate-puffs-of-nicotine-e-cigarette-aerosol-from-nicotine-free-aerosol
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yasmin Alkhlaif, Keith L Shelton
RATIONALE: It is unclear if e-cigarettes have reduced abuse liability relative to traditional cigarettes, especially when considering advanced devices which deliver nicotine more efficiently. Translatable and predictive animal models are needed to addresses this question. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to explore the subjective stimulus effects of e-cigarettes by training rats to discriminate puffs of nicotine aerosol from vehicle aerosol using an aerosol delivery system designed to model e-cigarette use patterns in humans...
March 23, 2024: Psychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517752/structural-mechanisms-for-vmat2-inhibition-by-tetrabenazine
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael P Dalton, Mary Hongying Cheng, Ivet Bahar, Jonathan A Coleman
The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is a proton-dependent antiporter responsible for loading monoamine neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles. Dysregulation of VMAT2 can lead to several neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. Furthermore, drugs such as amphetamine and MDMA are known to act on VMAT2, exemplifying its role in the mechanisms of actions for drugs of abuse. Despite VMAT2's importance, there remains a critical lack of mechanistic understanding, largely driven by a lack of structural information...
March 22, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517223/performance-of-fentanyl-immunoassays-in-an-ed-patient-population
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Catherine M Mills, Parker C Dryja, Elizabeth Champion-Lyons, Charles Keppler, Nikolina Babic
BACKGROUND: Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid fueling the current opioid crisis in the United States. While emergency department (ED) visits due to opioid-related overdoses, injection complications, and withdrawals become increasingly more frequent, fentanyl is not detected in routine toxicology testing. We evaluated 2 FDA-approved fentanyl immunoassays in a sampled ED population. METHODS: De-identified, remnant urine specimens (n = 213) collected from patients presenting to a large ED were analyzed using ARK Fentanyl II (ARK II) and Immunalysis SEFRIA (SEFRIA) fentanyl immunoassays on an Architect c16000 (Abbott) analyzer...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515534/dog-and-cat-exposures-to-drugs-of-abuse-identified-by-the-california-animal-health-and-food-safety-laboratory-system-2013-2023
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sigal Klainbart, Chelsea A Sykes, Robert H Poppenga
INTRODUCTION: While known animal exposures to human "drugs of abuse" (DA) were previously considered relatively uncommon in veterinary medicine, the trends are changing. Marijuana and amphetamines are among the 20 toxicants most frequently consulted about with the Pet Poison Helpline. When such exposures occur, they are typically considered emergencies. METHODS: This retrospective study describes confirmed cases of DA exposure in pets from the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS), 2013-2023...
2024: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513529/analysis-of-drug-impregnated-paper-samples-seized-in-english-prisons-between-2018-and-2020
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Asena Avci Akca, Lewis Couchman, Anca Frinculescu, Atholl Johnston
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in the form of impregnated papers delivered to prisoners are of particular concern in prison settings, where they are commonly used by vaping. The purpose of this study was to create a qualitative method for identifying the various emerging NPS impregnated onto paper samples sent to prisoners. It helps to demonstrate that these findings can be used to predict drug prevalence and trends in prisons. Between 2018 and 2020, 1250 non-judicial paper samples seized from 12 English prisons were analysed to determine the NPSs being circulated...
March 19, 2024: Forensic Science International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499039/structural-insights-into-vesicular-monoamine-storage-and-drug-interactions
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jin Ye, Huaping Chen, Kaituo Wang, Yi Wang, Aaron Ammerman, Samjhana Awasthi, Jinbin Xu, Bin Liu, Weikai Li
Biogenic monoamines, vital transmitters orchestrating neurological, endocrinal, and immunological functions1-5 , are stored in secretory vesicles by vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) for controlled quantal release6,7 . Harnessing proton antiport, VMATs enrich monoamines ~10,000-fold and sequester neurotoxicants to protect neurons8-10 . VMATs are targeted by an arsenal of therapeutic drugs and imaging agents to treat and monitor neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension, and drug addiction1,8,11-16 . However, the structural mechanisms underlying these actions remain elusive...
March 18, 2024: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484343/the-first-case-of-isolation-of-magnusiomyces-capitatus-from-the-oral-cavity-of-an-addicted-patient
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aynaz Ghojoghi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Ali Zarei Mahmoudabadi, Maryam Hatami, Mahnaz Fatahinia
Magnusiomyces capitatus (M. capitatus) is an emerging opportunistic yeast, rarely found as a causal agent of invasive fungal infection. In this study, we report a 31-year-old man infected with M. capitatus in the oral cavity, with a history of heroin and amphetamine abuse. M. capitatus was isolated through culture and microscopic analysis and identified by PCR amplification of the ITS DNA region. Based on the in vitro antifungal susceptibility test, the lowest MICs for M. capitatus were recorded for nystatin, itraconazole, and amphotericin, while higher MICs were observed for caspofungin and fluconazole...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467490/structural-and-functional-perspectives-on-interactions-between-synthetic-cathinones-and-monoamine-transporters
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vy T Nguyen, Alan C Harris, Jose M Eltit
Synthetic cathinone derivatives comprise a family of psychoactive compounds structurally related to amphetamine. Over the last decade, clandestine chemists have synthesized a consistent stream of innovative cathinone derivatives to outpace governmental regulatory restrictions. Many of these unregulated substances are produced and distributed as designer drugs. Two of the principal chemical scaffolds exploited to expand the synthetic cathinone family are methcathinone and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (or α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, α-PVP)...
2024: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467489/the-pharmacology-and-neurotoxicology-of-synthetic-cathinones
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariana Angoa-Perez, Donald M Kuhn
The synthetic cathinones are man-made compounds derived from the naturally occurring drug cathinone, which is found in the khat plant. The drugs in this pharmacological class that will be the focus of this chapter include mephedrone, MDPV, methcathinone and methylone. These drugs are colloquially known as "bath salts". This misnomer suggests that these drugs are used for health improvement or that they have legitimate medical uses. The synthetic cathinones are dangerous drugs with powerful pharmacological effects that include high abuse potential, hyperthermia and hyperlocomotion...
2024: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467483/stimulant-prodrugs-a-pharmacological-and-clinical-assessment-of-their-role-in-treating-adhd-and-binge-eating-disorder
#12
REVIEW
David J Heal, Jane Gosden, Sharon L Smith
In this review, we critically evaluate the contribution of prodrugs to treating two related psychiatric disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and binge-eating disorder (BED). ADHD is characterized by inattentiveness, distractibility, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity. BED is also an impulse-control disorder which leads to frequent, compulsive episodes of excessive eating (binges). Lisdexamfetamine (LDX; prodrug of d-amphetamine) is approved to treat both ADHD and BED. Serdexmethylphenidate (SDX; prodrug of d-threo-methylphenidate) is not clinically approved as monotherapy but, in a fixed-dose combination with immediate release d-threo-methylphenidate (Azstarys™), SDX is approved for managing ADHD in children/adolescents...
2024: Advances in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462522/mild-encephalopathy-encephalitis-with-reversible-splenial-lesions-after-amphetamine-and-opioid-use
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Youichi Yanagawa, Hiroki Nagasawa, Noriko Torizawa, Ikuto Takeuchi
A 47-year-old woman with a history of substance abuse, depression, and insomnia experienced a collapse. Upon arrival at the hospital, the patient displayed low systolic blood pressure, confusion, dehydration, and renal failure. Urine tests confirmed an amphetamine and opioid overdose. Her condition fluctuated with reduced consciousness, myoclonic movements, fever, and suspected psychogenic seizures. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormalities in the splenium of the corpus callosum, which later resolved...
March 11, 2024: Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38457867/a-multicomponent-lc-ms-ms-method-for-drugs-of-abuse-testing-using-volumetric-dbs-and-a-clinical-evaluation-by-comparison-with-urine
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joar Guterstam, Christoffer Tavic, Miguel Barosso, Olof Beck
BACKGROUND: Drug testing commonly use urine as a specimen and immunoassays for screening. The need for supervised urine collection has led to an interest in alternative specimens and a need for using mass spectrometry methods already for screening. In addition, mass spectrometry methods allow for broad multipanel screening which of great value because of the increased number of substances that needs to be covered has increased over time. One alternative specimen of interest for drugs of abuse testing is dried blood spots (DBS) and this work aimed at developing multipanel screening methods based on selected reaction monitoring liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry for both urine and dried finger blood as specimens...
March 3, 2024: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455771/a-case-report-demonstrating-the-favorable-outcomes-of-using-n-acetylcysteine-nac-in-managing-hepatic-injury-induced-by-amphetamine-related-drug-toxicity-do-we-underestimate-its-potential
#15
Gagan Aulakh, Arshdeep Singh
A 59-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse presented with altered mental status. Upon examination, he was hypertensive and lethargic, and laboratory results revealed severe transaminitis, coagulopathy, and lactic acidosis, despite having normal serum alcohol levels. Additionally, his urine drug screen tested positive for methamphetamine. Following the exclusion of infectious, autoimmune, and other common causes of acute hepatitis, a diagnosis of methamphetamine-induced acute hepatitis was established...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38452420/nps-eqa-part-i-four-years-experience-in-external-quality-assessment-program-in-italy-for-classical-and-new-psychoactive-substances-analysis-in-oral-fluid
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emilia Marchei, Silvia Graziano, Maria Rosaria Varì, Adele Minutillo, Valeria Aquilina, Simona Pichini, Maria Concetta Rotolo
In 2019, Italian National Institute of Health established an external quality assessment program (EQA) to evaluate the performance of oral fluid testing for classical and new psychoactive substances by laboratories participating in the National Early Warning System collaborative centres. This report presents the results of four rounds between 2019 and 2023. Eleven oral fluid specimens, including 3 blank samples, were prepared by adding different classes of and new psychoactive drugs at known concentrations to pre-screened drug-free oral fluid...
March 2, 2024: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411387/optimizing-screening-cutoffs-for-drugs-of-abuse-in-hair-using-immunoassay-for-forensic-applications
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arianna Giorgetti, Jennifer P Pascali, Guido Pelletti, Marco Garagnani, Raffaella Roffi, Marialuisa Grech, Paolo Fais
BACKGROUND: In forensic toxicology, positive immunoassay (IA) test results do not hold forensic validity and need to be confirmed with mass spectrometry (MS). On the other hand, a negative result is a strong indication that the drug and/or the drug metabolites are not present in the sample and that confirmatory analyses are not necessary. Consequently, a negative IA result must have forensic validity since it can be admitted in court during a trial. OBJECTIVES: Screening cutoffs for the analysis of hair samples using immunoassays (IAs) were retrospectively optimized based on the Society of Hair Testing (SoHT) confirmation cutoffs and the utility of the test for forensic applications was discussed...
February 27, 2024: Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Official Organ Wroclaw Medical University
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38384477/challenges-and-insights-methamphetamine-analysis-in-post-mortem-putrefied-human-tissues-in-a-hot-climate
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ahmed Alasmari, Amani Alhejaili, Hassan Alharbi, Mansour Alzahrani, Torki Zughaibi
BACKGROUND: The production and distribution of methamphetamine (meth) is often associated with illegal and clandestine laboratories, posing significant challenges for law enforcement and public health efforts. Global concern is growing over meth-related fatalities, as its high potential for abuse and detrimental impact on health make it an important issue in the realm of substance abuse and addiction. This concern has notably increased in Saudi Arabia, where the hot climate adds complexity to the analysis due to challenges posed by putrefaction...
March 2024: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: SPJ: the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38351286/amphetamine-increases-vascular-permeability-by-modulating-endothelial-actin-cytoskeleton-and-no-synthase-via-par-1-and-vegf-r
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Böttner, Tina Fischer-Schaepmann, Sarah Werner, Sarah Knauth, Heinz-Georg Jahnke, Holger Thiele, Petra Büttner
Abuse of amphetamine-type stimulants is linked to cardiovascular adverse effects like arrhythmias, accelerated atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death. Excessive catecholamine release following amphetamine use causes vasoconstriction and vasospasms, over time leading to hypertension, endothelial dysfunction or even cardiotoxicity. However, immediate vascular pathomechanisms related to amphetamine exposure, especially endothelial function, remain incompletely understood and were analyzed in this study...
February 13, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38340182/effects-of-congeners-of-amphetamine-on-the-human-heart
#20
REVIEW
Joachim Neumann, Stefan Dhein, Uwe Kirchhefer, Britt Hofmann, Ulrich Gergs
Central stimulatory and hallucinogenic drugs of abuse like amphetamine and most congeners of amphetamine can have cardiac harmful effects. These cardiac side effects can lead to morbidities and death. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the direct and indirect effects of these amphetamine congeners on the mammalian heart-more specifically, the isolated human heart muscle preparation. In detail, we address the question of whether and how these drugs affect cardiac contractility and their mechanisms of action...
February 10, 2024: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
keyword
keyword
69729
1
2
Fetch more papers »
Fetching more papers... Fetching...
Remove bar
Read by QxMD icon Read
×

Save your favorite articles in one place with a free QxMD account.

×

Search Tips

Use Boolean operators: AND/OR

diabetic AND foot
diabetes OR diabetic

Exclude a word using the 'minus' sign

Virchow -triad

Use Parentheses

water AND (cup OR glass)

Add an asterisk (*) at end of a word to include word stems

Neuro* will search for Neurology, Neuroscientist, Neurological, and so on

Use quotes to search for an exact phrase

"primary prevention of cancer"
(heart or cardiac or cardio*) AND arrest -"American Heart Association"

We want to hear from doctors like you!

Take a second to answer a survey question.