Calcitriol sepsis

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is one of the common causes of hospitalization of patients in intensive care units. A significant role for vitamin D in sepsis has been proposed, which is due to its active metabolite, calcitriol. AIMS: Evaluate the effect of calcitriol supplementation on infectious biomarkers, including procalcitonin and presepsin. METHODS: Patients with sepsis were divided into intervention and control group. Patients in the intervention group received intravenous calcitriol daily for 3 days...

Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, and maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections and developing autoimmunity. This systematic review examines vitamin D's mechanisms and effects on enhancing innate and acquired immunity against microbes and preventing autoimmunity. The study evaluated the quality of evidence regarding biology, physiology, and aspects of human health on vitamin D related to infections and autoimmunity in peer-reviewed journal articles published in English...

This study investigated the effects of weight reduction and/or calcitriol administration on regulating CD4 T cell subsets and renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-associated acute lung injury (ALI) in obese mice with sepsis. Half of the mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks, half of them had high-fat diet for 12 weeks then were transferred to a low-energy diet for 4 weeks. After feeding the respective diets, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) were performed to induce sepsis. There were four sepsis groups: OSS group, obese mice injected with saline; OSD group, obese mice given calcitriol; WSS group, mice with weight reduction and saline; WSD group, mice with weight reduction and calcitriol...

Vitamin D is essential for life-its sufficiency improves metabolism, hormonal release, immune functions, and maintaining health. Vitamin D deficiency increases the vulnerability and severity of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer, obesity, and infections. The active enzyme that generates vitamin D [calcitriol: 1,25(OH)2 D], CYP27B1 (1α-hydoxylase), and its receptors (VDRs) are distributed ubiquitously in cells. Once calcitriol binds with VDRs, the complexes are translocated to the nucleus and interact with responsive elements, up- or down-regulating the expression of over 1200 genes and modulating metabolic and physiological functions...

This study investigated the impacts of enteral cholecalciferol and/or intravenous calcitriol administration on the balance of cluster of differentiation 4-positive T cell subsets, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and the severity of acute lung injury (ALI) in obese mice with sepsis. Mice were fed a high-fat diet and then cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was performed. Obese mice were divided into four sepsis groups: without vitamin D (VD) (S), with oral cholecalciferol 1 d before CLP (G), with intravenous calcitriol 1 h after CLP (V), and with both cholecalciferol before and intravenous calcitriol after CLP (GV)...

This study compared the efficacies of enteral cholecalciferol and/or intravenous (IV) calcitriol administration on mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cluster-of-differentiation-4-positive (CD4+) T cell distribution and intestinal barrier damage in obese mice complicated with sepsis. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks and then sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mice were divided into the following sepsis groups: without vitamin D (VD) (S); with oral cholecalciferol 1 day before CLP (G); with IV calcitriol 1 h after CLP (V); and with both cholecalciferol before and IV calcitriol after CLP (GV)...

OBJECTIVES: Sepsis is a lethal clinical condition with dysregulated cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ T cells that leads to inflammation and multiorgan injury. Low vitamin D levels are commonly seen in patients with sepsis. Obesity is a state with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Both obesity and low vitamin D levels are associated with adverse outcomes in patients with sepsis. This study investigated the effects of calcitriol on CD4+ T-cell polarization and kidney injury during sepsis...

Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, a pandemic that commonly affects the elderly and those with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, respiratory disorders, recurrent infections, immune deficiency, and malignancies, as well as ethnic minorities living in temperate countries. The same groups were worst affected by COVID-19. Since vitamin D deficiency weakens the immune system, it increases the risk of infections, complications, and deaths, such as from sepsis and COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a lethal syndrome with T-cell dysregulation, imbalanced inflammatory reactions, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. Obesity coexistent with sepsis can cause more-deleterious disease outcomes. Vitamin D is a nutrient with immunomodulatory ability and helps maintain intestinal homeostasis. This study investigated treatment with calcitriol on mesenteric lymph node (MLN) CD4+ T-cell polarization and intestinal injury in obese mice with sepsis. METHODS: Mice received a high-fat diet for 10 weeks; then, mice were separated into an obese control group without sepsis and sepsis groups that underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)...

Calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Vitamin D levels have inverse correlation with sepsis outcomes and obesity may aggravate the severity of the diseases. This study administered calcitriol to investigate its impact on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in obese mice. Mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity and were randomly assigned to control or sepsis groups, which were intravenously administered either saline (SS) or calcitriol (SD)...

SUMMARY: Conventional treatment of hypoparathyroidism relies on oral calcium and calcitriol. Challenges in managing post-parathyroid- and post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia in patients with a history of bariatric surgery and malabsorption have been described, but postoperative management of bariatric surgery in patients with established hypoparathyroidism has not. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman who underwent elective sleeve gastrectomy on a background of post-surgical hypoparathyroidism and hypothyroidism...

BACKGROUND Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) is a rare and incredibly painful cutaneous disorder secondary to microvascular involvement in which calcium dysregulation leads to stenosis of medium sized arterial blood vessels along with endothelial dysregulation and thrombosis. Ultimately, these patients are at high risk for non-healing wounds with risk of death from sepsis and multi-organ failure. It is a poorly understood condition with limited therapies that do not offer mortality benefit. Prevalence is about 4% in hemodialysis patients...

Hypercalcaemia occurs in many granulomatous diseases. Among them, sarcoidosis and tuberculosis are the most common causes. Other causes include berylliosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, Crohn's disease, silicone-induced granulomas, cat-scratch disease, Wegener's granulomatosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Hypercalcaemia in granulomatous disease occurs as a consequence of dysregulated production of 1,25-(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol) by activated macrophages in granulomas. Hypercalcaemia in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has been reported in 0%-28% of cases...

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects more than 50% of critically ill patients. The formation of calcitriol, the active vitamin D metabolite, from the main inactive circulating form, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), occurs primarily in the proximal renal tubules. This results in a theoretical basis for reduction in levels of calcitriol over the course of an AKI. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in critically ill adults, and has been associated with increased rates of sepsis, longer hospital stays and increased mortality...

Acute lung injury is a common complication of sepsis in intensive care unit patients with an extremely high mortality. The present study investigated the effects of calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1.0mg/kg) to establish the animal model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Some mice were i.p. injected with calcitriol (1...

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have linked vitamin D status and infectious disease. This association is supported by the presence of the vitamin D receptor and CYP27B1 in immune cells. This review aims to consolidate data from clinical trials that used vitamin D for the treatment or prevention of infectious disease. METHODS: The authors searched the term "(vitamin D OR ergocalciferol OR cholecalciferol OR vitamin D2 OR vitamin D3 OR calcitriol) AND (infection OR tuberculosis OR sepsis OR pneumonia)" with limits preset to manuscripts published in English and with human subjects...

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In the last decade, few substances have been discussed as controversially as vitamin D. In the last few years, vitamin D research has now also found its way into the intensive care unit (ICU). Vitamin D deficiency is commonly found in the ICU and is associated with adverse outcomes including excess mortality, longer length of stay, higher sepsis incidence, longer mechanical ventilation. But how should one single vitamin be capable of such an impact? It has to be kept in mind that vitamin D is not a classic vitamin at all...

RATIONALE: Vitamin D and its metabolites have potent immunomodulatory effects in vitro, including up-regulation of cathelicidin, a critical antimicrobial protein. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) to critically ill patients with sepsis would have beneficial effects on markers of innate immunity, inflammation, and kidney injury. METHODS: We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, physiologic study among 67 critically ill patients with severe sepsis or septic shock...

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) have important roles in perinatal lung development. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between VDR gene polymorphism and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. METHODS: VDR Fok I, Bsm I, Apa I, and Taq I polymorphisms were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism in 109 preterm infants (47 with BPD, 62 without BPD). RESULTS: In univariate analysis, Ff (odds ratio (OR) = 3...