Muscle mass

BACKGROUND: The greater omentum comprises peritoneal, adipose, vascular, and lymphoid tissues. Most omental malignancies are metastatic tumors, and the incidence of primary tumors is rare. We report on a prior omental smooth muscle tumor case in an adult male patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old Japanese male patient with no relevant medical history was diagnosed with an abdominal mass during a routine medical checkup. Subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a mass of approximately 3 cm in size in the greater omentum, and a laparotomy was performed...

BACKGROUND: The transcriptome and metabolome dissection of the skeletal muscle of high- and low- growing individuals from a crossbred population of the indigenous Chongming white goat and the Boer goat were performed to discover the potential functional differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differential expression metabolites (DEMs). RESULTS: A total of 2812 DEGs were detected in 6 groups at three time stages (3,6,12 Month) in skeletal muscle using the RNA-seq method...

BACKGROUND: Physical exercise is widely acknowledged for its health benefits, but its effectiveness in treating obesity remains contentious due to variability in response. Owing to the roles of glutamate in appetite regulation, food addiction, and impulsivity, this observational cohort-study evaluated medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) glutamate as a predictor of variability in exercise response, specifically in terms of fat loss and muscle gain. METHODS: Healthy non-exercising adult men (n = 21) underwent an 8-week supervised exercise program...

Despite the well-known health benefits of regular physical activity, sedentary behavior and physical inactivity remain a real global pandemic. Exercise is associated with increased life expectancy, improved quality of life and prevention of multiple diseases. Although less implemented in practice compared to aerobic exercise, recent evidence shows that resistance exercise (RE) is also responsible for various benefits, including improvements in body composition, control of several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and reduction of CV outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Psychological stress is associated with various diseases including liver dysfunction, yet effective intervention strategies remain lacking due to the unrevealed pathogenesis mechanism. PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the relevance between BMAL1-controlled circadian rhythms and lipoxygenase 15 (ALOX15)-mediated phospholipids peroxidation in psychological stress-induced liver injury, and to investigate whether hepatocyte phospholipid peroxidation signaling is involved in the hepatoprotective effects of a Chinese patent medicine, Pien Tze Huang (PZH)...

BACKGROUND: We sought to combine skeletal muscle index and inflammatory immune markers to stratify long-term survival in patients with pancreatic cancer after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). METHODS: A total of 581 patients with pancreatic cancer underwent PD were included, and divided into the training and validation cohort. Image analysis of computed tomography scans was used to calculate the ratio of skeletal muscle (SM) area to body mass index (BMI). Naples prognostic score (NPS) was calculated from blood-test inflammatory immune markers...

BACKGROUND: Poor body composition may affect health status, and better body composition is often associated with better academic performance. Nursing students face heavy academic and practical pressures, and the relationship between body composition and academic performance in this group is not fully understood. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study used de-identified student data from a university of technology in southern Taiwan to analyze the correlation between body composition characteristics and academic performance using regression models...

PURPOSE: The impact of sarcopenia in oncology is increasingly recognized, yet little is known about its clinical implications in breast cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the overall prevalence of sarcopenia in breast cancer, quantifies skeletal muscle index (SMI), and comprehensively evaluates sarcopenia's impact on clinical outcomes. METHODS: We systematically searched primary original research published before June 2023 in four databases: the Cochrane Library via Wiley, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Embase via Elsevier Excerpta Medica, and Medline via Ovid...

Physical activity offers numerous physical and mental health benefits for individuals with disabilities, while nutrition plays a crucial role in maintaining bodily homeostasis. This study aimed to assess the relationship between body composition and dietary habits among physically active people with disabilities. Fifty-five participants aged 16 to 61, including 28 with disabilities and 27 without, were included in the study. The FFQ-6 questionnaire, Tanita body composition analyzer, and Stadiometer were utilized...

Sarcopenia burdens the elderly population through loss of muscle energy and mass, yet treatments to functionally rescue both parameters are missing. The glucocorticoid prednisone remodels muscle metabolism based on frequency of intake, but its mechanisms in sarcopenia are unknown. We found that once-weekly intermittent prednisone rescued muscle quality in aged 24-month-old mice to levels comparable to young 4-month-old mice. We discovered an age- and sex-independent glucocorticoid receptor transactivation program in muscle encompassing PGC1α and its co-factor Lipin1...

AIMS: Epidemiological evidence indicates that there is a substantial association between body mass index (BMI) and at least ten forms of cancer, including melanoma, and BMI imbalance contributes to the poor survival rate of cancer patients before and after therapy. Nevertheless, few pharmacological studies on models of obesity and cancer have been reported. In this study, we administered epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to B16BL6 tumor-bearing mice that received a high-fat diet (HFD) to examine its impact...

Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as the combination of excess fat mass (obesity) and low skeletal muscle mass and function (sarcopenia). The identification and classification of factors related to SO would favor better prevention and diagnosis. The present article aimed to (i) define a list of factors related with SO based on literature analysis, (ii) identify clinical conditions linked with SO development from literature search and (iii) evaluate their relevance and the potential research gaps by consulting an expert panel...

Meat quality traits are essential for producing high-quality broilers, but the genetic improvement has been limited by the complexity of measurement methods and the numerous traits involved. To systematically understand the meat quality characteristics of different broiler breeds, this study collected data on slaughter performance, skin color, fat deposition, and meat quality traits of 434 broilers from 12 different breeds in South China. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the live weight and slaughter weight of various broiler breeds at their respective market ages...

Introduction: The war caused huge devastation to rehabilitation centers in Mosul City, leading to a significant gap in rehabilitation services, which was further compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: We sought to incorporate simple and safe clinical exercises by utilizing common household items, thereby maximizing effectiveness through a combination of psychological simulation and physical impact while ensuring safety, and evaluate its efficacy as a home telerehabilitation program (HTRP) for participants with spinal cord injury (SCI) following a 4- to 5-year rehabilitation interruption...

PURPOSE: Panoramic ultrasound is one of the recently introduced ultrasound evaluation techniques. We herein examined the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris muscle on panoramic ultrasound and its volume based on the gold standard computed tomography (CT) evaluation. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective observational study. A panoramic ultrasound assessment of the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris muscle and a simple CT evaluation of its volume were performed on days 1 and 7 of hospitalization...

BACKGROUND: Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have exaggerated sympathoexcitation and impaired peripheral vascular conductance. Evidence demonstrating consequent impaired functional sympatholysis is limited in HFrEF. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of reduced limb vascular conductance during sympathoexcitation and whether functional sympatholysis would abolish such reductions in HFrEF. METHODS: Twenty patients with HFrEF and 22 age-matched controls performed the cold pressor test (left foot 2-min in -0...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The study aims to determine the prognostic impact of obesity, sarcopenic obesity, and dynapenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS: This retrospective observational study enrolled patients with chronic hepatitis (n = 746) and liver cirrhosis (n = 434) without hepatocellular carcinoma at entry. The patients were evaluated for sarcopenia and obesity between April 2016 and April 2022. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of ≥ 25 kg/m2 ...

INTRODUCTION: Common Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) involve the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and/or their associated structures. Clinical manifestations can vary, including sounds (cracking, crepitus), pain, and/or dyskinesias, often corresponding to a limitation of mandibular movements. Signs or symptoms of muscular or joint disorders of the masticatory system may be present before the initiation of orthodontic treatment, emerge during treatment, or worsen to the point of stopping treatment...

BACKGROUND: The adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) is least affected by subcutaneous adipose tissue and can be measured externally. The aim of this study is to identify the predictive value of APMT for the diagnosis of ultrasonography-based sarcopenia. METHODS: A total of 245 outpatients who were aged ≥65 years (49 with sarcopenia and 196 without sarcopenia) were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients with knee or hip replacement, advanced dementia, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, or decompensated heart failure and those using drugs that affect muscle functions, such as steroids, were excluded...

The shoulder joint has a high degree of freedom and an extremely complex and unstable kinematic mechanism. Coordinated contraction of the rotator cuff muscles that stop around the humeral head and the deltoid muscles and the extensibility of soft tissues, such as the joint capsule, labrum, and ligaments, contribute to shoulder-joint stability. Understanding the mechanics of shoulder-joint movement, including soft-tissue characteristics, is important for disease prevention and the development of a device for disease treatment...