hepatitis B retrospective descriptive

BACKGROUND: Candida bloodstream infection (BSI) causes appreciable mortality in neonates and children. There are few studies describing the epidemiology of Candida BSI in children living in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at three public sector hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. Demographic and clinical details, antifungal management and patient outcome data were obtained by medical record review. Candida species distribution and antifungal susceptibility testing results were obtained from the National Health Laboratory Service database...

BACKGROUND: Sexual assault survivors are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) programs guide STI treatment, monitoring, and follow-up scheduling according to guidelines by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Reported low rates of provider adherence to CDC treatment guidelines and patient adherence to follow-up necessitates a review of medication prescribing and follow-up scheduling practices, especially at smaller community hospitals in the United States...

BACKGROUND: It is not clear if chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection potentiates the severity of hepatic steatosis (HS) in patients with metabolic risk factors. We tested for the effect modification of hepatitis B viral load on the association between metabolic risk factors and HS. METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we included adult subjects, who had non-cirrhotic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and CHB infection with positive hepatitis B envelope antibody...

BACKGROUND: The WHO recommends pregnant women attend antenatal clinic at least three times during pregnancy; during the first, second and third trimesters. During these visits, an array of clinical and laboratory tests is conducted. The information obtained plays an important role not only in the management and care of pregnancy, but also guides policies targeted at addressing pregnancy-induced health challenges. This study therefore presents laboratory and clinical information of pregnant women at their first antenatal visits...

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is associated with improved clinical outcomes for individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, the effects of varying HBsAg levels on clinical outcomes in diverse cohorts are understudied. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, multicentre, retrospective study, the data on adult subjects enrolled in the Canadian HBV Network with CHB seen from 1 January 2012 to 30 January 2021 with the treatment and virologic data within 1 year of HBsAg testing were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: The National Institutes of Health All of Us (AoU) Research Program is currently building a database of 1million+ adult subjects. With it, we describe the characteristics of those with documented vaccinations. OBJECTIVES: To describe the sociodemographic, health status, and lifestyle factors associated with vaccinations. METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving data from the AoU program (R2020Q4R2, N = 315,297). Five vaccine cohorts [influenza, hepatitis B (HBV), pneumococcal <65 years old, pneumococcal ≥65 years old, and human papillomavirus (HPV)] were generated based on vaccination history...

BACKGROUND: Health sciences students who report low/equivocal hepatitis B titers may be required to repeat the immunization series, even though the result may not indicate non-immunity. METHOD: To describe hepatitis B immunity patterns, this retrospective, descriptive study utilized de-identified vaccination records and anti-HBs titers of three cohorts of sophomore nursing students entering clinical rotations in 2018-2019. RESULTS: Only 33% of students had initial anti-HBs quantitative serum titer ≥10 mIU/ml, demonstrating immunity...

Objectives: Sexual assault is the most prevalent and hidden global problem. The condition is worse in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study described the survivors' characteristics, clinical profiles, and management of cases of sexual assault at the One-Stop Service Center for survivors of sexual assault at a referral hospital in Western Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess 203 cases of sexual assault managed at the One-Stop Service Center for survivors of sexual assault in Wollega University Referral Hospital from January 2019 to March 2022...

PURPOSE: Tumors involving the caudate lobe present a unique therapeutic challenge due to their complex anatomy and the safety and efficacy of locoregional therapy can be variable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the outcomes of radiation segmentectomy for primary caudate lobe tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients [5 women and 3 men; median age = 69 y (range 50-79)] that underwent transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using yttrium-90 (Y90) glass microspheres for primary caudate lobe tumors (hepatocellular carcinoma = 6, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma = 2) from August 2017 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed...

Hepatitis B vaccination protects newborns from contracting the hepatitis B virus that may lead to chronic infection, liver failure, or death. Trends and racial differences in the administration of the hepatitis B (HepB) birth dose in 2018-2020 were examined in the targeted region. A retrospective analysis of electronic birth dose vaccination data of newborns in 2018-2020 was performed. Birth data from six birthing facilities and home delivery records were obtained from the DC Health Department Vital Statistics Division...

BACKGROUND: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections remain a safety concern worldwide. The prevalence in Kenya ranges from 2.6% to 4.4% among secondary school-going voluntary blood donors. This study estimated the prevalence of occult HBV infections among school-going voluntary blood donors through donations made to Kwale Satellite Blood Transfusion Center (KSBTC). METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on data collected by the KSBTC between January 2020 and June 2021 among secondary school-going voluntary blood donors...

BACKGROUND: Rituximab is used as second-line therapy in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who do not respond to first-line management. The response rate for Rituximab is variable in different populations ranging from 30% to 90%. The adverse effects of rituximab in patients with ITP range from infusion site reactions to the reactivation of hepatitis B virus and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and interpopulation variation. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study in Qatar's National Center for Cancer Care & Research...

BACKGROUND: The recommended US infant immunization schedule includes doses of diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and hepatitis B virus (HepB) during the first 6 months of life. Little information is available about the timing of associated, complementary monovalent vaccine administration in infants receiving DTaP-based pentavalent combination vaccines. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants born between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2018, in the US MarketScan commercial claims and encounters database...

Objective: To better characterize the intersection of the HIV and SARS-CoV-2 pandemics, including our robust statewide panel of people living with HIV, in the State of Delaware. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive case-series that identified people living with HIV ≥ 18 years old co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 from 1 March 2020 through 9 March 2021 who attended our ambulatory HIV program, through review of testing results, electronic medical records and external clinical records...

Objective: To explore the efficacy of entecavir antiviral therapy on the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) combined with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Tibet region. Methods: HBeAg-positive CHB patients who were treated with entecavir in the outpatient and inpatient Department of Infectious Diseases of the Tibet Autonomous Region people's Hospital between January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 140 subjects with CHB, 95 cases were CHB alone, and the other 45 cases were diagnosed as CHB combined with NAFLD by ultrasound...

OBJECTIVE: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health problem that causes multiple comorbidities. People in prisons who inject intravenous drugs are at increased risk of HCV infection, and HCV infection is 15-fold more prevalent among prisoners compared with the community. The objective of this study was to analyse the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of residents of a Spanish prison with HCV infection who received antiviral treatment. METHODS: An observational, descriptive and retrospective study was performed...

BACKGROUND: Washington, DC, and sub-Saharan Africa are both affected by generalized HIV epidemics. However, care for persons living with HIV (PLWH) and clinical outcomes may differ in these geographically and culturally diverse areas. We compared patient and clinical site characteristics among adult persons living with HIV (PLWH) enrolled in two longitudinal HIV cohort studies-the African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) and the DC Cohort. METHODS: The DC Cohort is a clinic-based city-wide longitudinal cohort comprised of PLWH attending 15 HIV clinics in Washington, DC...

OBJECTIVE:  To evaluate the assistance provided to women victims of sexual violence and their participation in the follow-up treatment after the traumatic event, presenting a sociodemographic profile, gynecological background, and circumstances of the event, and reporting the results, acceptance, and side effects of prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy. METHODS:  A retrospective cohort study comprising the period between 2007 and 2016...

BACKGROUND: The onset of monsoons in Mumbai poses an additional health disease burden in the form of rising vector-borne and water-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, hepatitis, typhoid, chikungunya, and acute gastroenteritis. These monsoon-related illnesses are preventable with hygienic and sanitation measures that are likely to have been adopted during COVID-19 pandemic. AIM: To assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of monsoon-related diseases in the city of Mumbai and find out determinants of variations if any...

INTRODUCTION: The Idaho Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (ICCCP) collaborated with the Idaho Immunization Program (IIP) to plan and implement activities to increase knowledge and awareness of liver cancer prevention through tailored hepatitis B immunization messaging to the Idaho community and health care providers. PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES: In this article, we report findings from an evaluation of these activities. INTERVENTIONS APPROACH: The two programs implemented liver cancer prevention activities between May 2017 and December 2017; strategies included a social media vaccination awareness campaign and health care provider education...