NIPV

BACKGROUND: Central sleep apnoea (CSA) is characterised by abnormal patterns of ventilation during sleep due to a dysfunctional drive to breathe. Consequently, people with CSA may present poor sleep quality, sleep fragmentation, inattention, fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPV) for the treatment of adults with CSA. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus on 6 September 2021...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether any specific acute care surgery patient populations are associated with a higher incidence of COVID-19 infection. BACKGROUND: Acute care providers may be exposed to an increased risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection since many patients present to the emergency department without complete screening measures. However, it is not known which patients present with the highest incidence. METHODS: All acute care surgery (ACS) patients who presented to our level I trauma center between March 19, 2020, and September 20, 2020 and were tested for COVID-19 were included in the study...

A case of illegal vaccine sales in Shandong province, China, (hereinafter, the incident), which caused a lack of confidence among vaccination recipients and public panic, was uncovered in March 2016. We conducted a study comprising two cross-sectional surveys: at two months (May 2016) and seven months (October 2016) after the incident. The study aimed to evaluate the impact on immunizations; investigate the variation of the immunization coverage of the National Immunization Program Vaccines (NIPV) and the sales volume growth rate of Category II vaccines; and understand the reasons for non-vaccination and perspectives on immunization...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between the initiation of hepatitis B vaccine (HB vaccine) at birth and completion of the HB vaccine and the national immunization program vaccine (NIPV) series in Fujian, China. METHODS: A provincial survey, including children in the community and newborns in hospital, was conducted to evaluate coverage with a timely first dose of HB vaccine and the completion of three doses of HB vaccine and the NIPV series in 2013...

The links among social disorder, violence in the social support network (NIPV), community violence, and women's substance use were examined in a sample of 50 low-income, nonshelter women to predict intimate partner violence (IPV). The authors found that living in a neighborhood with higher levels of social disorder and using substances increased women's exposure to community violence that, in turn, was associated with increased rates of IPV. In addition, although not associated with community violence, NIPV was associated with increased IPV...

INTRODUCTION: Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (CPAP) and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) are accepted treatments in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE). However, it remains unclear whether NPPV is better than CPAP in reducing the need for endotracheal intubation (NETI) rates, mortality and other adverse events. Our aim was to review the evidence about the efficacy and safety of these two methods in ACPE management. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of CPAP and/or NIPV in the treatment of ACPE, considering the outcomes NETI, mortality and incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)...

INTRODUCTION: Exacerbations of COPD are potentially serious events, the recognition and treatment of which appear to be poorly understood by both patients and doctors. The aim of this study is to describe, on the basis of two case histories, the management of exacerbations of COPD in emergency departments, to compare it with the current guidelines and to evaluate the extent of use of non-invasive ventilation in decompensated COPD. METHODS: The study took place between February and June 2004...

Hendra virus (HENV) and Nipah virus (NIPV) are classified in the new genus Henipavirus, within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae, family Paramyxoviridae. The genetic and biological characteristics that differentiate henipaviruses from other members of the subfamily are summarized. Although they do not display neuraminidase and hemagglutination activities and in that regard resemble viruses in the genus Morbillivirus, several recent observations highlight similarities between henipaviruses and respiroviruses (genus Respirovirus) in structure and replication strategy...

The emergence of zoonotic viruses maintained by wildlife reservoir hosts is poorly understood. Recent discoveries of Hendra (HENV) and Nipah (NIPV) viruses in Australasia and the emergence of epidemic West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States have added urgency to the study of cross-species transmission. The processes by which zoonotic viruses are transmitted and infect other species are examined as four transitions. Two of these, inter-species contact and cross-species virus transmission (spillover), are essential and sufficient to cause epidemic emergence...