neonate sepsis

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis poses a critical healthcare concern, as multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) infections are on the rise. Understanding the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and underlying resistance mechanism is crucial for effective treatment. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of K. pneumoniae strains responsible for neonatal sepsis using in silico tools. We sought to identify trends and explore reasons for varying resistance levels, particularly for β-lactams and fluoroquinolone...

Through vaginal colonization, GBS causes severe pregnancy outcomes including neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Although intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) has reduced early-onset disease rates, persistent GBS colonization has been observed in patients following prophylaxis. To determine whether IAP selects for genomic signatures that enhance GBS survival and persistence in the vaginal tract, whole-genome sequencing was performed on 97 isolates from 58 patients before (prenatal) and after (postpartum) IAP/childbirth...

INTRODUCTION: Infants are at risk for thrombotic conditions due to multiple risk factors such as congenital heart defects and sepsis. According to the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) 2012 guidelines, enoxaparin may be given for thrombotic conditions at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg/dose every 12 h for patients less than 2 months of age and 1 mg/kg/dose every 12 h for those older than 2 months. Several studies have reported that infants typically require a higher initial dose of enoxaparin to reach therapeutic antifactor Xa levels than what is currently recommended...

BACKGROUND: Management of neural tube defects (NTDs) is challenging and the outcome is demanding. AIMS: To analyze the outcomes in operated cases of NTDs closed using various types of flaps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data between June 2017 and May 2023 were analyzed. The mode of presentation, timing of intervention, type of flap, neurological status after closure, status of the wound, presence of hydrocephalous, flap blackening, flap necrosis, features of sepsis, and the outcome were recorded and analyzed...

The goal of this investigation was to identify the association between Syndecan-1 (S1) serum levels in preterm newborns exposed to chorioamnionitis (CA) in utero and the potential of S1 as a biomarker of early-onset neonatal sepsis. A cohort of preterm newborns born <33 weeks gestational age was recruited. Within 48 hours of birth, 0.5 mL of blood was drawn to obtain S1 levels, measured via ELISA. Placentas were examined and classified as having (1) no CA, (2) CA without umbilical cord involvement, or (3) CA with inflammation of the umbilical cord (funisitis)...

BACKGROUND: The neonatal period faces the greatest risk of death as they are vulnerable to sepsis, birth asphyxia, hypoxic injuries etc. A substantial disparity exists in NMR between Nepal and other developed countries and among different provinces of Nepal as well. This study was conducted to describe the pattern of neonatal admission, and immediate hospital outcomes from NICU located in a remote part of Nepal. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in The Province Hospital, Karnali, Nepal over a period of six months (June 2021 to Dec 2021 AD)...

BACKGROUND: Extremely preterm infants, defined as those born before 28 weeks' gestational age, are a very vulnerable patient group at high risk for adverse outcomes, such as necrotizing enterocolitis and death. Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory gastrointestinal disease with high incidence in this cohort and has severe implications on morbidity and mortality. Previous randomized controlled trials have shown reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis among older preterm infants following probiotic supplementation...

BACKGROUND: Previously, not six systemic inflammatory indices were evaluated in the diagnosis of early onset sepsis (EOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500g) premature infants. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the effectiveness of systemic inflammatory indices in the diagnosis of EOS in VLBW infants. METHODS: Premature infants with birth weight <1500 g were included in the study. Six systemic inflammatory indices including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) were compared in patients with EOS (treatment group) and without EOS (control group)...

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical characteristics, virus serotype, and outcome in cases of mild and severe enteroviral infection at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of cases hospitalized between June and August 2019. Samples (stool or throat swabs) were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Positive cases were divided into two groups: mild infection and severe infection. RESULTS: A total of 149 cases were assigned to one of two groups: mild infection (n = 104) and severe infection (n = 45)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial infections associated with both early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). METHODOLOGY: This descriptive retrospective surveillance research was conducted on all neonates admitted to the neonatal ICU with bacterial sepsis, where positive cultures were isolated from sterile sites (either cerebrospinal fluid or blood) at Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, from January 2012 and December 2021...

AIM: Australian neonatal mortality data are collected and shared within collaborative networks. Individual unit outcomes are benchmarked between units and presented in quarterly or yearly reports. Low mortality is commonly interpreted as optimal performance. However, current collected data do not differentiate between death due to severe illness and death following treatment limitation. This study aims to explore the physiological condition immediately before death, and the proportion of deaths attributed to treatment limitation...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, perinatal outcomes and factors associated with neonatal sepsis in referral-level facilities across Nigeria. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from the Maternal and Perinatal Database for Quality, Equity and Dignity Programme in 54 referral-level hospitals across Nigeria. SETTING: Records covering the period from 1 September 2019 to 31 August 2020. POPULATION: Mothers admitted for birth during the study period, and their live newborns...

OBJECTIVE: To describe perinatal and maternal outcomes of preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 23 weeks' gestation in a national cohort. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: National population based cohort study with the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS), a research infrastructure of all 194 obstetric units in the UK, 1 September 2019 to 28 February 2021. PARTICIPANTS: 326 women with singleton and 38 with multiple pregnancies with PPROM between 16+0 and 22+6 weeks+days' gestation...

BACKGROUND: Standardization of procedures improves outcomes. Though systematic reviews have summarized the evidence-based steps (EBS) of cesarean delivery (CD), their bundled implementation has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: In this pre- and post-implementation trial, we sought to ascertain if bundled EBS of CD, compared to surgeon's preference, improves outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A StaRI (Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies) compliant, multi-center pre- and post-implementation trial at 4 teaching hospitals was conducted...

BACKGROUND: Propofol can increase neurotoxicity in infants but the precise mechanism is still unknown. Our previous study revealed that nuclear FMR1 interacting protein 1 (NUFIP1), a specific ribophagy receptor, can alleviate T cell apoptosis in sepsis. Yet, the effect of NUFIP1-engineered exosomes elicited from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) on nerve injury induced by propofol remains unclear. This study intended to investigate the effect of NUFIP1-engineered exosomes on propofol-induced nerve damage in neonatal rats...

BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis, a formidable threat to newborns, is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, with late-onset sepsis manifesting after 72 hours post-birth being particularly concerning. Pneumonia, a prevalent sepsis presentation, poses a significant risk, especially during the neonatal phase when lung defenses are compromised. Accurate diagnosis of pneumonia is imperative for timely and effective interventions. Saliva, a minimally invasive diagnostic medium, holds great promise for evaluating infections, especially in infants...

PURPOSE: Our quality improvement study aimed to determine whether application of a neonatal early-onset sepsis calculator (NSC) among well-appearing infants born at ≥35 weeks' gestation to mothers with chorioamnionitis decreases the number of lab evaluations (LEs) and antibiotic treatments (Abxs) without missing early-onset sepsis. METHODS: We compared 2 years (January 1, 2019-January 3, 2021) of data from a historical-control group before implementation of the NSC to 1 year (January 4, 2021-December 31, 2021) of data from a calculator group after implementation of the NSC to evaluate whether LE and Abx decreased following implementation of the NSC on January 4, 2021...

The major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity is bacterial sepsis. Blood culture is the most reliable method in neonatal sepsis. This study was conducted to study the usefulness of hematological parameters in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and to assess the most sensitive and specific variables in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to January 2018. Peripheral blood smears were prepared from patients with clinical suspicion of sepsis or predisposing perinatal factors for sepsis and stained with Field's stain and examined...

OBJECTIVE: Periviable rupture of membranes counseling should describe maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with both immediate delivery and expectant management. Unfortunately, most published data focuses on neonatal outcomes and maternal risk estimates vary widely. We performed a meta-analysis to describe outcomes associated with expectant management compared to immediate delivery of periviable PROM. DATA SOURCES: We performed a search on PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PROSPERO, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrials...

Background Multidisciplinary simulation training in the management of acute obstetric emergencies has the potential to reduce both maternal and perinatal morbidity. It is a valuable tool that can be adapted for targeted audiences of different specialities at all experience levels from medical students to senior consultants. Methods In this study, pre- and post-course questionnaires of learners with varying levels of clinical experience from Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G), Anaesthesia, Neonatology, Emergency Medicine, midwifery, and nursing who undertook two simulation courses (namely the Combined Obstetrics Resuscitation Training course, CORE, and the CORE Lite), which comprised lectures and simulation drills with manikins and standardized patients, between 2015 and 2023 were compared...