public health round-up

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between adiposity indices and the risk of incident diabetes and to compare their predictive ability in non-obese healthy individuals. STUDY DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. METHODS: Data were taken from the NAGALA research study, which enrolled Japanese adults aged 18-79 years. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between adiposity indices (including waist circumference [WC], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR], lipid accumulation product index [LAP], body roundness index [BRI], visceral adiposity index [VAI] and Chinese visceral adiposity index [CVAI]) and diabetes risk...

Low-cost optical sensors are used in many countries to monitor fine particulate (PM2.5 ) air pollution, especially in cities and towns with large spatial and temporal variation due to woodsmoke pollution. Previous peer-reviewed research derived calibration equations for PurpleAir (PA) sensors by co-locating PA units at a government regulatory air pollution monitoring site in Armidale, NSW, Australia, a town where woodsmoke is the main source of PM2.5 pollution. The calibrations enabled the PA sensors to provide accurate estimates of PM2...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Glyphosate is the most commonly used herbicide in the United States; however, its safety is still under debate. We assessed glyphosate levels and their association with overall mortality in a representative sample of the US adult population from the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS: We extracted data on urinary glyphosate (N = 2,910) measured by ion chromatography isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Associations between glyphosate concentrations and demographic, lifestyle and other exposures were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Digital supportive cancer care is recommended to improve patient outcomes. A portal was designed and embedded within the electronic medical record and public health portal in Iceland. It consists of symptom and needs-monitoring, delivery of educational material, and messaging. OBJECTIVE: To assess at the outset of implementation, (1) the portal feasibility (adoption, engagement, usability, acceptability), (2) potential predictors of usability and acceptability, (3) potential impact of the portal on patient reported outcomes (PROs)...

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 has extensively spread in cities and rural communities, and studies are needed to quantify exposure in the population. We report seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in two well-characterized populations in Kenya at two time points. These data inform the design and delivery of public health mitigation measures. METHODS: Leveraging on existing population based infectious disease surveillance (PBIDS) in two demographically diverse settings, a rural site in western Kenya in Asembo, Siaya County, and an urban informal settlement in Kibera, Nairobi County, we set up a longitudinal cohort of randomly selected households with serial sampling of all consenting household members in March and June/July 2021...

HIV/AIDS has been a major threat to global public health, with India ranking third when it comes to the global burden of people living with HIV, especially women. It is imperative to assess the level of knowledge women have about transmission and prevention of this infection. This study sought to delineate the determinants of the comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among women in the reproductive age groups in India. Data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey conducted in India were analyzed...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the quality of data collected during prenatal care recorded in the Integrated Health Care Management System (SIGA) of the Municipal Department of Health of São Paulo from 2012 to 2020. METHODS: Descriptive study using SIGA data and the variables: maternal height (cm), weight (kg) measured throughout pregnancy, gestational age at prenatal consultation, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (in mmHg), and body mass index (BMI) at the beginning of pregnancy (up to 8 weeks)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

UNLABELLED: Chemsex is understood as "the intentional use of stimulant drugs to have sex for an extended time among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men". It is a public health problem because of the increased incidence of cases and because of the consequences on the physical and mental health of those who practice it. AIM: This study aimed to analyze, with the help of the Delphi method, the content validity of a new instrument to assess the risk of behaviors associated with the chemsex phenomenon...

BACKGROUND: Several scientific contributions have summarized the "lessons learnt" during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but only a few authors have discussed what we have learnt on how to design and conduct research during a pandemic. The main intent of this study was to summarize the lessons learnt by an Italian multidisciplinary research group that developed and conducted a longitudinal study on COVID-19 patients infected during the first wave in March 2020 and followed-up for 3 years...

INTRODUCTION: Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 15-44 years in many countries. Most men with testicular cancer present with a lump. Testicular symptoms are more likely to occur secondary to benign diseases like epididymo-orchitis, a common sexually transmitted infection. Gender and sexual minorities are at an increased risk of testicular diseases and health disparities. The aim of this study was to co-design an inclusive community-based campaign to promote testicular awareness...

BACKGROUND: The association of childhood adversities with mortality has rarely been explored, and even less studied is the question of whether any excess mortality may be potentially preventable. This study examined the association between specific childhood adversities and premature and potentially avoidable mortality (PPAM) in adulthood in a representative sample of the general population. Also, we examined whether the associations were potentially mediated by various adult socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors...

INTRODUCTION: Every year 1.5 million new cancer cases are diagnosed in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Of these, about 40 % could be prevented. Health illiteracy has been identified as a main barrier for cancer prevention. Primary healthcare professionals (HCP) are key in cancer prevention as they are the first entry point of the population into the healthcare system. The LAC Code Against Cancer 1st edition aims to improve health literacy and awareness of cancer prevention in the LAC population, through building capacity of primary HCP...

Sickle cell disease (SCD), a chronic condition that affects men and women equally, continues to present a public health burden in the United States due to its associated morbidity and complications. Despite advances in medical knowledge and the design of novel therapies for managing the disease, its burden remains compounded because of increasing rates of immigration arising from global displacements and economic unrest in many countries. We thus conducted a comprehensive literature review of publications from 2000 to 2022 to gather guidelines on managing SCD, with a search through four databases, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane; 42 articles met the final inclusion criteria after the full-text article screening process...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the most prominent public health problems worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of people living with HIV undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and the factors related to the survival rate have not been widely studied. This study calculated the 5-year survival rate of people living with HIV who were undergoing MHD and determined the risk factors that may affect the 5-year survival rate. All enrolled participants were followed up for more than 5 years from the first round of MHD...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the coverage for the oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaign conducted during the 2017/2018 cholera outbreak in Lusaka, Zambia. STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study employing survey method conducted among 1691 respondents from 369 households following the second round of the 2018 OCV campaign. STUDY SETTING: Four primary healthcare facilities and their catchment areas in Lusaka city (Kanyama, Chawama, Chipata and Matero subdistricts)...

PURPOSE: The SmartSleep Study is established to comprehensively assess the impact of night-time smartphone use on sleep patterns and health. An innovative combination of large-scale repeated survey information, high-resolution sensor-driven smartphone data, in-depth clinical examination and registry linkage allows for detailed investigations into multisystem physiological dysregulation and long-term health consequences associated with night-time smartphone use and sleep impairment. PARTICIPANTS: The SmartSleep Study consists of three interconnected data samples, which combined include 30 673 individuals with information on smartphone use, sleep and health...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Body composition is an important indicator of the overall health and fitness of team sports athletes, including in football, and therefore, anthropometric profiling of elite football players is useful as part of determining their skills, strengths, and weaknesses to develop effective strength and conditioning programs. One of the tools available to coaches to track correlates of performance and health is routine body composition assessment. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the body composition and anthropometric profiles of players using the Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis method, and to manage body composition throughout the round in the 2020-2021 season...