environment water bacteria

Genetic parts and hosts can be sourced from nature to realize new functions for synthetic biology or to improve performance in a particular application environment. Here, we proceed from the discovery and characterization of new parts to stable expression in new hosts with a particular focus on achieving sustained chitinase activity. Chitinase is a key enzyme for various industrial applications that require the breakdown of chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on the earth. Diverse microbes exhibit chitinase activity, but for applications, the environmental conditions for optimal enzyme activity and microbe fitness must align with the application context...

Recent studies show that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban landscape water are significant and cannot be overlooked, underscoring the need to develop effective strategies for mitigating GHG production from global freshwater systems. Calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) is commonly used as an eco-friendly reagent for controlling eutrophication in water bodies, but whether CaO2 can reduce GHG emissions remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of CaO2 dosage on the production of methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) in urban landscape water under anoxic conditions during summer...

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a major threat to human and environmental health. This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in Lake Cajititlán, a hypereutrophic subtropical lake in Mexico contaminated by anthropogenic sources (urban wastewater and runoff from crop and livestock production). ARGs (a total of 475 genes) were detected in 22 bacterial genera, with Pseudomonas (144 genes), Stenotrophomonas (88 genes), Mycobacterium (54 genes), and Rhodococcus (27 genes) displaying the highest frequencies of ARGs...

Extending the solids retention time (SRT) has been demonstrated to mitigate membrane biofouling. Nevertheless, it remains an intriguing question whether the compact and water flushing resistant mesh biofilms developed at short SRT can undergo biodegradation and be removed with extended SRT. In present study, the bio-fouled mesh filter in the 10d-SRT dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR), with mesh surfaces and pores covered by compact and water flushing resistant biofilms exhibiting low water permeability, was reused in the 40d-SRT DMBR without any cleanings...

Morganella morganii is a gram negative, facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium, commonly found in environment and in the intestine of human, mammals, and reptiles as a part of their gut microbiome. M. morganii can cause Gram-negative folliculitis, black nail infection, acute retiform purpura, fetal demise, and subdural empyema. The increasing frequency of M. morganii infections generate the need for efficient methods to enrich the presence of M. morganii in clinical samples to make its detection easier...

BACKGROUND: Many instruments used in dentistry are rotary, such as handpieces, water syringes, and ultrasonic scalers that produce aerosols. The spray created by these instruments can carry, in addition to water, droplets of saliva, blood, and microorganisms, which can pose a risk of infections for healthcare professionals and patients. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this gained attention. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to carry out a systematic review of the evidence of the scope of the aerosol produced by ultrasonic scaler in environmental contamination and the influence of the use of intraoral suction reduction devices...

Hand hygiene is broadly recognized as a critical intervention in reducing the spread of disease-causing pathogens in both professional and personal uses. In this study, the impact of antibacterial (AB) or non-antibacterial soaps on removal and post-wash transfer of E. coli following the handling of raw poultry was assessed. Baseline bacterial contamination ranged between 107 and 109 CFU per hand. Hands were washed for 30 seconds in 40°C +/- 2°C tap water using 2 mL of AB soap (0.5% and 1.0% Chloroxylenol, 0...

Nitrate leaching from agricultural soils is increasingly found in groundwater, a primary source of drinking water worldwide. This nitrate influx can potentially stimulate the biological oxidation of iron in anoxic groundwater reservoirs. Nitrate-dependent iron-oxidizing (NDFO) bacteria have been extensively studied in laboratory settings, yet their ecophysiology in natural environments remains largely unknown. To this end, we established a pilot-scale filter on nitrate-rich groundwater to elucidate the structure and metabolism of nitrate-reducing iron-oxidizing microbiomes under oligotrophic conditions mimicking natural groundwaters...

Escherichia coli is a promising subject for globally coordinated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in water environments due to its clinical relevance and widespread use as an indicator of fecal contamination. Cefotaxime-resistant E. coli was recently evaluated favorably for this purpose by the World Health Organization TriCycle Protocol, which specifies tryptone bile x-glucuronide (TBX) medium and incubation at 35°C. We assessed comparability with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved method for E...

Paddy Crusts (PC) play a pivotal role in the migration and transformation of heavy metals within paddy ecosystems, situated at the critical intersection of air, water, and soil. This study focused on PC samples from heavy metal-contaminated rice paddies in six southern Chinese provinces. It's the first time we've screened and quantified the impact of nutrition, physicochemical properties, and heavy metals on bacterial diversity in PC. Our results highlight the significant influence of zinc, total nitrogen, and soil manganese on bacterial diversity...

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can alter the availability of background nutrients by affecting the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria, which exerts a notable influence on algal growth and metabolism. However, the mechanism of how allochthonous DOC (aDOC) precipitates shifts in bacterial-algal interactions and modulates the occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms remains inadequately elucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between bacteria and algae under aDOC stimulation. We found that excess aDOC triggered the breakdown and reestablishment of the equilibrium between Microcystis and heterotrophic bacteria...

A novel moderately halophilic, Gram-stain-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated as strain TBZ242T , was isolated from water of Urmia Lake in the Azerbaijan region of Iran. The cells were found to be rod-shaped and motile by a single polar flagellum, producing circular and yellowish colonies. The strain could grow in the presence of 0.5-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.5-5 %). The temperature and pH ranges for growth were 15-45 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 7...

BACKGROUND: Myocarditis refers to myocardial inflammation with necrosis caused by non-infectious of infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, or drugs. Candida is known to cause myocarditis in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Diabetes mellitus causes chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired secretion or hypofunction of insulin, induces a compromised state, and increases the risk of contracting various infections. OBJECTIVE: We report a case of granulomatous myocarditis caused by Candida in a Spontaneously Diabetic Torii rat, a non-obese diabetic model...

This study explored the implementation of mainstream partial denitrification with anammox (PdNA) in the second anoxic zone of a wastewater treatment process in an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) configuration. A pilot study was conducted to compare the use of methanol and glycerol as external carbon sources for an IFAS PdNA startup, with a goal to optimize nitrogen removal while minimizing carbon usage. The study also investigated the establishment of anammox bacteria on virgin carriers in IFAS reactors without the use of seeding, and it is the first IFAS PdNA startup to use methanol as an external carbon source...

Serving as a vital linkage between surface water and groundwater, the hyporheic zone (HZ) plays a fundamental role in improving water quality and maintaining ecological security. In arid or semi-arid areas, effluent discharge from wastewater treatment facilities could occupy a predominant proportion of the total base flow of receiving rivers. Nonetheless the relationship between microbial activity, abundance and environmental factors in the HZ of effluent-receiving rivers appear to be rarely addressed. In this study, a spatiotemporal field study was performed in two representative effluent-dominated receiving rivers in Xi'an, China...

The fluctuating characteristics of rural sewage flow pose a significant challenge for wastewater treatment plants, leading to poor effluent quality. This study establishes a novel adaptive activated sludge (AAS) process specifically designed to address this challenge. By dynamically adjusting to fluctuating water flow in situ, the AAS maintains system stability and promotes efficient pollutant removal. The core strategy of AAS leverages the inherent dissolved oxygen (DO) variations caused by flow fluctuations to establish an alternating anoxic-aerobic environment within the system...

Different rice production patterns exert varying comprehensive impacts on the agricultural environment. Integrated rice-fish farming, an advanced and rapidly developing agricultural production pattern, aims to improve resource utilization efficiency and enhance food productivity. To unravel the responses and internal interactions of the agricultural ecological environment to integrated rice-fish farming, we assessed and compared environmental factor, rice growth performance, and soil microbiome in both integrated rice-yellow catfish farming (IRYF) and rice monoculture (RM) systems...

BACKGROUND: Vibriosis is one of the most serious bacterial diseases and causes high morbidity and mortality among cultured sea breams. This study was undertaken to track the surveillance of Vibrio infection and its correlation to environmental factors. A total of 115 gilthead sea breams were collected seasonally from a private earthen pond fish farm in the Shatta area of Damietta, Egypt from September 2022 to July 2023. Physicochemical parameters of water were analyzed, and heavy metal levels were measured...

Global warming can significantly impact soil CH4 uptake in subtropical forests due to changes in soil moisture, temperature sensitivity of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB), and shifts in microbial communities. However, the specific effects of climate warming and the underlying mechanisms on soil CH4 uptake at different soil depths remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a soil warming experiment (+4 °C) in a natural forest. From August 2020 to October 2021, we measured soil temperature, soil moisture, and CH4 uptake rates at four different soil depths: 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm...

Environmental contamination with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has sever effects on the ecosystem worldwide. DDT is a recalcitrant synthetic chemical with high toxicity and lipophilicity. It is also bioaccumulated in the food chain and causes genotoxic, estrogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Microbial remediation mechanism and its enzymes are very important for removing DDT from environment. DDT and its main residues dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) can biodegrade slowly in soil and water...