Mohammad Reza Akbari ocular

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and manifestations of different ocular causes of abnormal head posture (AHP). METHOD: This prospective, consecutive case series study was performed on 149 patients with ocular AHP at Farabi hospital, Iran, from February 2020 to June 2021. All patients underwent routine ophthalmic examinations. The manifestation of AHP was determined by direct observation from three viewing angles, while the patient read the smallest line on the vision chart that they could see...

BACKGROUND: Methanol is a highly toxic, non-potable alcohol. Outbreaks of methanol toxicity occur due to its fraudulent addition to alcoholic beverages as a cheaper substitute for ethanol. Recently, alongside the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, rumors circulated on social media that consuming alcohol can prevent or cure the virus, leading to a COVID-19 and methanol-induced optic neuropathy (MON) syndemic. AIM: To investigate the impact of erythropoietin (EPO) on the outcomes of patients diagnosed with MON...

A 10-year-old boy was introduced with a chief complaint of ocular misalignment from birth. Ocular examination indicated right Brown and left Duane retraction syndrome in a non-familial pattern. We suspect that a teratogenic damage or genetic mutation may be responsible for this combination.

PURPOSE: To compare non-absorbable and absorbable sutures for medial rectus advancement in consecutive exotropia. METHODS: In a pilot randomized clinical trial, 40 subjects with consecutive exotropia >15 PD that underwent unilateral medial rectus advancement with or without resection were randomly assigned to two groups: using non-absorbable (polyester) suture in the non-absorbable group and absorbable (vicryl) suture in the absorbable group. The success rate was defined as the final postoperative angle of deviation <10 PD...

PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in localizing rectus muscle insertions. METHODS: The study was performed on 27 patients (39 rectus muscles) who required primary or secondary surgery. Using caliper function in the AS-OCT and UBM software, the distance from the insertion site to the anterior chamber angle was measured. The actual muscle insertion distance from limbus was considered as the measured distance plus 1 mm...

Purpose : To evaluate the outcome of augmented superior rectus transposition (SRT) with medial rectus (MR) recession in patients with Duane Retraction Syndrome (DRS) and sixth nerve palsy. Methods : Twenty four patients (16 DRS and 8 sixth nerve palsy) that underwent the procedure were included. The superior rectus muscle was secured, detached, and re-attached to the sclera along the spiral of Tilaux, adjacent to lateral rectus insertion. A non-absorbable augmentation suture was passed through the sclera, 8 mm posterior to the insertion of the lateral rectus...

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of bupivacaine injection without electromyographic guide for correcting residual esotropia and exotropia after strabismus surgery. Methods : Thirty patients with residual esotropia or exotropia after strabismus surgery were included in the study. Three milliliters of bupivacaine 0.5% were injected into medial or lateral rectus muscle without electromyographic guide. Results : The mean pre-injection misalignments were 14.8 ± 3.4 (8-20) PD at distance and 14.7 ± 4.4 (6-25) PD at near...

PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular movement disorders after scleral buckling surgery (SBS) for retinal detachment. METHODS: In this prospective, observational, case series, 206 patients (206 eyes) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who underwent SBS and investigated at the strabismus ward of Farabi Eye Hospital in Iran between November 2011 and November 2014 were assessed. Patients were followed from 6 to 36 months after SBS to evaluate for strabismus. Logistic regression analysis test and SPSS software version 20 were used for statistical analysis...

PURPOSE: We report a patient with abnormal head posture following ocular blunt trauma. METHODS: This is report of a case that despite findings compatible with diagnosis of left superior oblique (SO) palsy, the patient acquired an ipsilateral (left) head tilt. The interesting observation in our patient was reduction of left hypertropia and consequent less diplopia with ipsilateral head tilt. RESULTS: After blunt trauma, our patient adopted paradoxical left head tilt and consequently less diplopia despite acquired left SO palsy...

PURPOSE: To describe an infant with PHACE(S) syndrome [posterior fossa anomalies (P), hemangiomas (H), arterial anomalies (A), cardiac abnormalities and coarctation of aorta (C), eye abnormalities (E), and the sternal defects (S)] with unusual strabismus, congenital glaucoma, and new systemic manifestations. METHODS: A 6-month-old girl was referred with large hemangiomas on the left side of the face. RESULTS: In the ocular examination, right esotropia and hypotropia, and limitation of elevation in adduction in the right eye were seen...

Duane's retraction syndrome (DRS) is characterized by limitations in horizontal eye movements, globe retraction, and palpebral fissure narrowing on attempted adduction. This disorder is caused by a disturbance in innervation originating in the brain stem and represents <1% of all cases of strabismus. It is postulated that this syndrome is due to an insult during the early weeks (8-10 weeks) of pregnancy and is 10-20 times more frequently associated with other systemic congenital anomalies. This case report of bilateral DRS included bilateral iris-retinal coloboma and congenital heart disease, sensory hearing loss, and inguinal hernia...

Albinism is a heterogeneous genetic disorder of melanin synthesis that results in hypopigmented hair, skin and eyes. It is associated with decreased visual acuity, nystagmus, strabismus and photophobia. Six genes are known to be involved in nonsyndromic oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). In this study, we aimed to find the disease causing mutations in albinism patients using homozygosity mapping. Twenty three unrelated patients with nonsyndromic OCA or autosomal recessive ocular albinism were recruited in this study...