OASIS

Knife-edge imaging is a successful method for determining the wavefront distortion of focusing optics such as Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors or compound refractive lenses. In this study, the wavefront error of an imperfect elliptical mirror is predicted by developing a knife-edge program using the SHADOW/OASYS platform. It is shown that the focusing optics can be aligned perfectly by minimizing the parabolic and cubic coefficients of the wavefront error. The residual wavefront error provides precise information about the figure/height errors of the focusing optics suggesting it as an accurate method for in situ optical metrology...

Understanding land structure change and stability in the process of oasisization is particularly important for the desertification control in sandy land. Based on land use data of eight periods from 1980 to 2020, we extracted the spatial distribution information of oasis land in Mu Us Sandy Land, and analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of land transformation patterns and stability of oasis land with overlay analysis and grid analysis. The results showed that desertification in the Mu Us Sandy Land had reversed, with a significant process of oasis...

Soil structure plays an important role in organic carbon (OC) sequestration, thereby influencing soil fertility and changes in global climate. However, aggregate OC chemical structure changes due to long-term return of straw in oasis farmland of arid northwest China remains unclear. This study conducted 0-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year straw returning experiments during which three soil components where measured: (1) the functional carbon (C) pool and macroaggregates; (2) microaggregates and silt + clay; (3) the chemical structure of soil OC (SOC)...

OBJECTIVE: It is unclear if use of cesarean delivery in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is guideline-concordant. We compared the odds of cesarean delivery among primiparous individuals with IBD versus without, overall and by disease characteristics, as well as time to subsequent delivery. METHODS: Retrospective matched population-based cohort study between 1 April 1994 and 31 March 2020. Primiparous individuals aged 15-55 years with IBD were matched to those without on age, year, hospital, and number of newborns delivered...

Recent advances in interdisciplinary archaeological research in Arabia have focused on the evolution and historical development of regional human populations as well as the diverse patterns of cultural change, migration, and adaptations to environmental fluctuations. Obtaining a comprehensive understanding of cultural developments such as the emergence and lifeways of Neolithic groups has been hindered by the limited preservation of stratified archaeological assemblages and organic remains, a common challenge in arid environments...

INTRODUCTION: Gastroparesis is a chronic disorder characterized by decreased gastric emptying and presents with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain which impacts patients' quality of life greatly. The treatment modalities available for gastroparesis have been expanding over the past 2 decades. Currently there are multiple options available for gastroparesis albeit with only one FDA approved medication until June of 2021. AREAS COVERED: We review the different treatments available for gastroparesis and discuss the recently FDA approved intranasal formulation of metoclopramide...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether perineal wound complications in the first birth, alone or in conjunction with obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI), is associated with an increased risk of OASI in the second birth. DESIGN: Nationwide population-based cohort study. SETTING: Sweden. POPULATION: Women (n = 411 317) with first and second singleton vaginal births in Sweden, 2001-2019. METHODS: Data on diagnostic codes and surgical procedures were retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the Swedish Patient Register...

High-elevation arid regions harbor microbial communities reliant on metabolic niches and flexibility to survive under biologically stressful conditions, including nutrient limitation that necessitates the utilization of atmospheric trace gases as electron donors. Geothermal springs present "oases" of microbial activity, diversity, and abundance by delivering water and substrates, including reduced gases. However, it is unknown whether these springs exhibit a gradient of effects, increasing the spatial reach of their impact on trace gas-oxidizing microbes in the surrounding soils...

Under salinity conditions, growth and productivity of grain crops decrease, leading to inhibition and limited absorption of water and elements necessary for plant growth, osmotic imbalance, ionic stress, and oxidative stress. Microorganisms in bio-fertilizers have several mechanisms to provide benefits to crop plants and reduce the harmful effect of salinity. They can be effective in dissolving phosphate, fixing nitrogen, promoting plant growth, and can have a combination of all these qualities. During two successful agricultural seasons, two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizer applications, including phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), nitrogen fixation bacteria and a mix of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen fixation bacteria with three rates, 50, 75 and 100% NPK, of the recommended dose of minimal fertilizer on agronomic traits, yield and nutrient uptake of barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) under saline condition in Village 13, Farafra Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt...

Tropical theileriosis is an important protozoan tick-borne disease in cattle. Vaccination using attenuated schizont-infected cell lines is one of the methods used for controlling the disease. This study describes the production of attenuated schizont-infected cell lines from Egypt and an evaluation of its use as a vaccine to protect calves against clinical disease upon field challenge. Two groups of exotic and crossbred male calves were divided into vaccinated and control groups. The vaccinated groups were inoculated with 4 ml (1 × 106 cells/ml) of the attenuated cell line...

OBJECTIVES: Medicare Home Health Care (HHC) services are integral to the care of homebound seriously ill older adults requiring ongoing specialized medical care. Although disparities in health outcomes are well documented in inpatient and primary care, disparities experienced by historically marginalized racial and ethnic groups underrepresented in HHC are understudied. This study aimed to examine the relationship between individual characteristics and differences in HHC health outcomes for seriously ill older adults...

Date palms are a vital part of oasis ecosystems and are an important source of income in arid and semi-arid areas. Crossbreeding is limited due to the long juvenile stage of date palms and their dioecious nature. The aim of this study was to create triploid date palms to obtain larger and seedless fruits and to increase resilience to abiotic stresses. A tetraploid date palm mutant was crossed with a diploid male palm, yielding hundreds of seeds suspected of containing triploid embryos. Six years after planting, four palms with confirmed triploidy reached maturity...

This article, based on OMI data products, utilizes spatial distribution, ozone-sensitive control areas, Pearson correlation methods, and the Ben-MAP model to study the changes in ozone column concentration from 2018 to 2022, along with the influencing factors and the health of populations exposed to ozone. The findings suggest a spatial variation in the ozone column concentration within the study area, with an increasing trend observed from west to east and from south to north. Over time, the ozone column concentration exhibits an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease, with the peak concentration observed in 2019 at 37...

The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is a well-known continental rift whose axial sector is characterized by the occurrence of regularly spaced silicic caldera complexes and central stratovolcanoes, interspersed with large fields of fissural basalts, small mafic scoria cones and numerous young normal faults and fissures. The Tulu Moye-Bora-Berecha volcanic complex is found in the central portion of the MER and includes the Tulu Moye geothermal prospect area. A combination of gravity and magnetic methods was used to better constrain the subsurface volcanic stratigraphy and tectonic structures...

OBJECTIVE: Elinzanetant is a selective neurokinin-1,3 receptor antagonist in development for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) associated with menopause. The pivotal, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 studies Overall Assessment of efficacy and Safety of elinzanetant In patients with vasomotor Symptoms (OASIS) 1 and 2 will assess the efficacy and safety of elinzanetant in women with VMS. METHODS: The OASIS 1 and 2 pivotal studies are designed in accordance with regulatory guidance...

Contingency tables, data represented as counts matrices, are ubiquitous across quantitative research and data-science applications. Existing statistical tests are insufficient however, as none are simultaneously computationally efficient and statistically valid for a finite number of observations. In this work, motivated by a recent application in reference-free genomic inference [K. Chaung et al ., Cell 186 , 5440-5456 (2023)], we develop Optimized Adaptive Statistic for Inferring Structure (OASIS), a family of statistical tests for contingency tables...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia, leading to a decline in memory, reasoning, and social skills. While numerous studies have investigated the genetic risk factors associated with AD, less attention has been given to identifying a brain imaging-based measure of AD risk. This study introduces a novel approach to assess mild cognitive impairment MCI, as a stage before AD, risk using neuroimaging data, referred to as a brain-wide risk score (BRS), which incorporates multimodal brain imaging...

Antigen presentation on MHC class II (pMHCII presentation) plays an essential role in the adaptive immune response to extracellular pathogens and cancerous cells. But it can also reduce the efficacy of large-molecule drugs by triggering an anti-drug response. Significant progress has been made in pMHCII presentation modeling due to the collection of large-scale pMHC mass spectrometry datasets (ligandomes) and advances in machine learning. Here, we develop graph-pMHC, a graph neural network approach to predict pMHCII presentation...

2-hydroxyglutarate has limited abundance in normal tissues but a high level under certain pathologic conditions. To clarify the diagnostic value of two chiral isomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate in plasma and urine of Chinese cancer patients, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for simultaneous quantification of D-/L-2-hydroxyglutarate. The selected D-/L-2-hydroxyglutarate-d5 as internal standards were added to samples before the SPE on Waters Oasis® MAX 96-Well plate (30 μm, 60 mg)...

When researchers and clinicians try to identify appropriate and effective ways to improve well-being among different populations, music is often included in interventions or research projects. The existing literature has consistently reported interactions between the effects of personality traits and music listening. However, the interrelations between individual traits and well-being after music listening are still partially unclear. This systematic review, registered on PROSPERO, investigates the relationship between everyday music listening, individual characteristics - operationalized as stable and transient personality traits - and well-being...