sphingomyelin infant

The aim of this study was to assess the fatty acid (FA) percentage distribution in complex lipids of breast milk from mothers on a low docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) diet. We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional study of milk samples (n = 14) collected 90 days after delivery and analyzed them using gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and the Fiske-Subbarow method. Complex lipid distribution was 40.70 ± 5.11% sphingomyelin (SM), 26.03 ± 5.98% phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), 21...

The milk metabolome is composed of hundreds of molecules that can impact infant development. In preterm infants, sterilized donor milk (DM) is frequently used for their feeding. We aimed to identify differences in the metabolome of DM after two types of milk sterilization: the Holder pasteurization (HoP) and a high hydrostatic pressure (HP) processing. DM samples were sterilized by HoP (62.5°C for 30 min) or processed by HP (350 MPa at 38°C). 595 milk metabolites were analyzed using an untargeted metabolomic analysis...

Phospholipids play key roles in infant nutrition and cognitive development. It is hypothesized that infant formula (IF) has lower phospholipid species, content and milk fat globule (MFG) structural integrity than human milk (HM). Herein, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of phospholipids in six classes of IF and HM using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The contents of phosphatidylethanolamine (15.81 ± 7.20 mg/L) and sphingomyelin (35.84 ± 15...

The interface structure and composition of fat globules are very important for the digestion and metabolism of fat and growth in infants. Interface composition of fat globules in infant formula (IF) supplemented with milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) and lecithin in different ways were analyzed and their effects on fat digestion properties were evaluated. The results showed that the distribution of phospholipids at the interface and structural of Concept IF1 and Concept IF2 that were more similar to those of human milk (HM) than that of conventionally processed IF3...

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) commonly occurs in children and can progress into severe phenotypes or atopic march, causing significant impairment in quality of life. It is important to find early biomarkers of future onset of AD before any clinical manifestations. OBJECTIVES: To find early predictors of future onset of AD in skin stratum corneum (SC). METHODS: Skin tape strips (STS) were collected from the forearm of newborns (n=111) with and without family history of atopic diseases at the age of 2 months before any signs of clinical AD...

Infant formulas (IFs) are prevalent alternatives for human milk (HM), although their comparative lipid profiles have not been fully investigated. We adopted lipidomics to analyze and compare in-depth the lipid patterns of HM and IFs. The results indicated that the distribution of fatty acids (FAs) and the structure of triacylglycerols varied substantially in the analyzed samples. A total number of 425 species were identified during the analysis. HM was abundant in triacylglycerols that contained unsaturated and long-chain FAs (>C13), while triacylglycerols in IFs were mainly comprised of saturated and medium-chain FAs (C8-C13)...

Sepsis is one of the most important problems to be addressed in pediatrics, characterized by insidious onset, rapid progression, and high rates of severe infection and even mortality. Biomarkers with high sensitivity and robustness are urgently required for the early diagnosis of infant sepsis. Serum metabolomic approaches based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to analyze the samples from 30 infants with sepsis at an early stage and 30 infants with noninfectious diseases. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to screen for differential metabolites and ROC curves were generated to find potential biomarkers...

Milk phospholipids (PLs) are critical components of infant growth. This study aimed to discover PL in mature human milk (HM) from China (n = 201) and mainly assessed the effect caused by sampled regions. The average total PL concentration was quantified from 3.65 to 11.25 mg per g of lipid, and the major PL class identified was sphingomyelin (SM, 38.06-47.62 %), followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC, 29.61-34.39 %), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 10.54-24.46 %). In addition, the 36:2 (18:0/18:2), 38:6 (16:0/22:6), 40:1 (d18:1/22:0), and 42:2 (d18:1/24:1) were the most abundant molecular species identified in glycerophospholipid and SM molecular species respectively...

The effects of adding different phospholipid (PL) matrices [milk sphingomyelin (SM) vs soy phosphatidylcholine (PC)] on emulsion stability, microstructure, and in vitro simulated lipid digestion were examined using a Model Infant Formula Emulsion (MIFE). The emulsion stability of MIFE increased significantly with PL addition (0.1 and 0.2 %). Compared to sole MIFE or MIFE + PC, the incorporation of SM resulted in increased emulsion stability (p < 0.05) and a greater amount of free fatty acid release (p < 0...

Prenatal alcohol exposure can produce offspring growth deficits and is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disability. We used untargeted metabolomics to generate mechanistic insight into how alcohol impairs fetal development. In the Western Cape Province of South Africa, 52 women between gestational weeks 5-36 (mean 18.5 ± 6.5) were recruited, and they provided a finger-prick fasting bloodspot that underwent mass spectrometry. Metabolomic data were analyzed using partial least squares-discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) to identify metabolites that correlated with alcohol exposure and infant birth outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Olipudase alfa is a recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for non-central-nervous-system manifestations of acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD). We report 2-year cumulative safety and efficacy data after olipudase alfa treatment in 20 children (four adolescents [12-17 year], nine children [6-11 year], and seven infants/early child [1-5 year]) with baseline splenomegaly and growth deficits who completed the 1-year ASCEND-Peds clinical trial (NCT02292654) and who continue to receive olipudase alfa in a long-term study (NCT02004704)...

The lipid composition of the host cell membrane is one of the key determinants of the entry of enveloped viruses into cells. To elucidate the detailed mechanisms behind the cell entry of rubella virus (RuV), one of the enveloped viruses, we searched for host factors involved in such entry by using CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide knockout screening, and we found sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1), encoded by the SGMS1 gene, as a candidate. RuV growth was strictly suppressed in SGMS1 -knockout cells and was completely recovered by the overexpression of enzymatically active SMS1 and partially recovered by that of SMS2, another member of the SMS family, but not by that of enzymatically inactive SMS1...

Sphingolipids are common structural components of cell membranes and are crucial for cell functions in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Sphingomyelin and its metabolites, such as sphingoid bases, ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, play signaling roles in the regulation of human health. The diverse structures of sphingolipids elicit various functions in cellular membranes and signal transduction, which may affect cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and maintain biological activities...

BACKGROUND: The chemical composition of human milk has long-lasting effects on brain development. We examined the prognostic value of the human milk metabolome and exposome in children with the risk of neurodevelopmental delay (NDD). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 82 mother-infant pairs (40 male and 42 female infants). A total of 59 milk samples were from mothers with typically developing children and 23 samples were from mothers of children at risk...

Early dietary exposure via human milk nutrients offers a window of opportunity to support cognitive and temperament development. While several studies have focused on associations of few pre-selected human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament, it is highly plausible that human milk nutrients synergistically and jointly support cognitive and behavioral development in early life. We aimed to discern the combined associations of three major classes of human milk nutrients with cognition and temperament during the first 6 months of life when human milk is the primary source of an infant's nutrition and explore whether there were persistent effects up to 18 months old...

BACKGROUND: It has been established that sphingomyelin present human breast milk is useful for the brain maturation and cognitive development. At 10 days of breastfeeding the sphingomyelin content is double that present in cow's milk and its content is independent of the maternal diet. The aim of the study was to analyze the content of sphingomyelin in breast milk at 3 months of breastfeeding and to consider the effect of this molecule on synaptic function and nerve conduction through the probable expansion of myelinated axons...

The lipid composition of the brain is well regulated during development, and the specific temporospatial distribution of various lipid species is essential for the development of optimal neural functions. Dietary lipids are the main source of brain lipids and thus contribute to the brain lipidome. Human milk is the only source of a dietary lipids for exclusively breastfed infant. Notably, it contains milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) enriched in polar lipids (PL). While early life is a key for early brain development, the interplay between dietary intake of polar lipids and spatial dynamics of lipid distribution during brain development is poorly understood...

BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalisation of US infants and an important risk factor for childhood asthma. Recent evidence suggests that bronchiolitis is clinically heterogeneous. We sought to derive bronchiolitis endotypes by integrating clinical, virus and lipidomics data and to examine their relationship with subsequent asthma risk. METHODS: This is a multicentre prospective cohort study of infants (age <12 months) hospitalised for bronchiolitis...

BACKGROUND: Lipids play a vital role in health and disease, but changes to their circulating levels and the link with obesity remain poorly characterized in expecting mothers and their offspring in early childhood. METHODS: LC-MS/MS-based quantitation of 480 lipid species was performed on 2491 plasma samples collected at 4 time points in the mother-offspring Asian cohort GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes). These 4 time points constituted samples collected from mothers at 26-28 weeks of gestation (n=752) and 4-5 years postpartum (n=650), and their offspring at birth (n=751) and 6 years of age (n=338)...

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) has been recognized as a milk component for more than 60 years, but its exact benefits remain unknown. Research on human MFGM has revealed that the membrane holds a host of bioactive components with potential benefits for the brain-immune-gut (BiG) axis in early life. Gangliosides and sphingomyelin, components within the MFGM, have been included in infant formulas for many years. Recent advancements in dairy milk processing have allowed the successful separation of MFGM from bovine milk, enabling it to be used for supplementing infant formulas...