lactose infant formula

BACKGROUND: The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutrition assistance to low-income households, including infant formula for infants not fully breastfeeding. Issuance of lactose-reduced infant formula made with corn syrup solids (CSSF) is associated with elevated risk of obesity in early life, but associations between formula type and dietary intake have not been examined. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate associations between infant formula (amount and type) issued by WIC with subsequent child diet at ages 12-59 mo...

OBJECTIVE: Plant-based milk alternatives are increasingly utilized in children with cow milk allergy, lactose intolerance, and personal preference. However, notable differences exist in mineral content between cow milk and plant-based alternatives. Almond milk, in particular, varies in mineral and caloric content across different brands. This case report highlights a toddler who developed hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia attributed to almond milk consumption. CASE PRESENTATION: A fourteen-month-old girl with a history of biliary atresia underwent liver transplant at seven months of age...

Citrin deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic liver disease caused by mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. The disease typically presents with cholestasis, elevated liver enzymes, hyperammonemia, hypercitrullinemia, and fatty liver in young infants, resulting in a phenotype known as "neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency" (NICCD). The diagnosis relies on clinical manifestation, biochemical evidence of hypercitrullinemia, and identifying mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. Several common mutations have been found in patients of East Asian background...

Adequate nutrition is paramount for proper growth and musculoskeletal, neurocognitive, and immunological development in infants, toddlers, and young children. Among breastfeeding mother-child dyads, this critical window of development, is impacted by both maternal and offspring dietary patterns. For mothers, their dietary patterns impact not only their own health and well-being, but also the nutrition of their breast milk - which is recommended as the sole source of food for the first 6 months of their infant's life, and as a complementary source of nutrition until at least 2 years of age...

Due to its very early introduction, cow's milk is one of the first foods that can cause adverse reactions in human beings. Lactose intolerance (LI) and cow's milk allergy (CMA) are the most common adverse reactions to cow's milk. While LI is due to insufficient small intestinal lactase activity and/or a large quantity of ingested lactose, CMA is an aberrant immune reaction to cow's milk proteins, particularly casein or β-lactoglobulin. However, the clinical manifestations of LI and CMA, particularly their gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, are very similar, which might lead to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis as well as nutritional risks due to inappropriate dietary interventions or unnecessary dietary restriction...

This research comprehensively examines 88 infant formulas available in the US market, with an emphasis on their diverging nutritional attributes based on lactose content. We stratified formulas into three categories: lactose-free, lactose-reduced, and entirely lactose-based. The formulas' nutritional content for 58 nutrients was obtained from the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR). Nutritional analysis revealed significant differences in nutrient composition across formula categories. For example, the results showed significant associations between the lactose content and glycemic index (GI) of the formula as well as 25 other nutrients...

This study investigated the non-inferiority of feeding term healthy infants with enriched formula milk powder containing 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO) and milk fat globular membrane (MFGM), compared to breast milk, in terms of the formation of gut microbiota, neurodevelopment and growth. Infants were divided into three groups: breast milk group (BMG, N = 50), fortified formula group (FFG, N = 17), and regular formula group (RFG, N = 12), based on the feeding pattern. Growth and development information was collected from the infants at one month, four months, and six months after the intervention...

A significant number of advances have been made in the last 5 years with respect to the identification, diagnosis, assessment, and management of infants with prenatal opioid exposure and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) from birth to early childhood. The primary objective of this review is to summarize major advances that will inform the clinical management of opioid-exposed newborns and provide an overview of NOWS care to promote the implementation of best practices. First, advances with respect to standardizing the clinical diagnosis of NOWS will be reviewed...

The formula of food for special medical purpose has a direct impact on physicochemical stability, especially in hot climes and high temperature transport storage environments. An accelerated test (50 °C for 7 weeks) was used to analyze the mechanism of the physicochemical instability of formula A with lactose and maltodextrin, and formula B with maltodextrin. Deep dents and wrinkles were observed on the surface of the formula B, and more fat globules covered the surface of formula A particles after storage for a long time...

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNFP-I)/2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) mixture as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharides (HiMO) LNFP-I and 2'-FL, but it also contains d-lactose, lacto-N-tetraose, difucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, LNFP-I fructose isomer, 2'-fucosyl-d-lactulose, l-fucose and 2'-fucosyl-d-lactitol, and a small fraction of other related saccharides...

The early-life gut microbiome development has long-term health impacts and can be influenced by factors such as infant diet. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), an essential component of breast milk that can only be metabolized by some beneficial gut microorganisms, ensure proper gut microbiome establishment and infant development. However, how HMOs are metabolized by gut microbiomes is not fully elucidated. Isolate studies have revealed the genetic basis for HMO metabolism, but they exclude the possibility of HMO assimilation via synergistic interactions involving multiple organisms...

Lacto- N -neotetraose (LNnT), an abundant human milk oligosaccharide (HMO), has been approved as a novel functional additive for infant formulas. Therefore, LNnT biosynthesis has attracted extensive attention. Here, a high LNnT-producing, low lacto- N -triose II (LNT II)-residue Escherichia coli strain was constructed. First, an initial LNnT-producing chassis strain was constructed by blocking lactose, UDP- N -acetylglucosamine, and UDP-galactose competitive consumption pathways and introducing β -1,3- N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase LgtA and β -1,4-galactosyltransferase LgtB...

2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL), the most typical human milk oligosaccharide, is used as an additive in premium infant formula. Herein, we constructed two highly effective 2'-FL synthesis producers via a de novo GDP-fucose pathway from engineered Escherichia coli MG1655. First, lacZ and wcaJ , two competitive pathway genes, were disrupted to block the invalid consumption of lactose and GDP-fucose, respectively. Next, the lacY gene was strengthened by switching its native promoter to PJ23119 . To enhance the supply of endogenous GDP-fucose, the promoters of gene clusters manC-manB and gmd-fcl were strengthened individually or in combination...

Characterization of the nutrients in human milk is important to understand the dietary and developmental requirements of infants. The objective of this review was to summarize the state-of-the-science on the nutrient composition of human milk in the United States and Canada published from 2017 to 2022. Four databases were searched for randomized controlled studies and others given the scoping nature of this review. We limited type to mature milk collected 21 d postpartum and beyond from lactating individuals in the United States and Canada who gave birth at 37-wk gestation or later (full-term)...

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) sodium salt as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3'-SL (sodium salt), but it also contains sialic acid, d-glucose, d-lactose, 3'-sialyllactulose and 6'-sialyllactose sodium salts and a small fraction of other related saccharides. The NF is produced by fermentation by a genetically modified strain ( Escherichia coli NEO3) of E...

Background: The Human Milk Banking Association of North America (HMBANA) sets the purity and quality standards for donor human milk (DHM) in the United States, which includes zero bacterial presence after Holder pasteurization. This study aimed to determine if nutrient and bacterial composition of DHM with limited bacterial presence after pasteurization change over 4 days of refrigerated storage. Methods: Twenty-five unique samples of DHM with limited bacterial growth postpasteurization were collected from two HMBANA milk banks...

BACKGROUND: Method for simultaneous determination of six human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) is described. The HMOs include 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL, CAS number 41263-94-9), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL, CAS number 41312-47-4), 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL, CAS number 35890-39-2), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL, CAS number 35890-38-1), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT, CAS number 14116-68-8), and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT, CAS number 13007-32-4). The method was designed to comply with the respective Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR, see also Table 1) respectively...

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) sodium salt as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 6'-SL (sodium salt), but it also contains sialic acid, d-glucose, d-lactose, 6'-sialyllactulose sodium salt, 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) sodium salt and a small fraction of other related saccharides...

BACKGROUND: Regurgitation and colic are quite common in young infants, leading to a reduced quality of life (QoL) and to parental distress. Their management is challenging and aims to effectively reassure and relieve symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness over 30 days of a starch thickened formula with a reduced lactose content, Limosilactobacillus reuteri ( Lactobacillus reuteri ) DSM 17938 and FOS/GOS. METHODS: A real-world prospective multicenter experimental study was conducted in a before-after design within subject...

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3-FL, but it also contains d-lactose, l-fucose, 3-fucosyllactulose and a small fraction of other related saccharides. The NF is produced by fermentation by a genetically modified strain ( Escherichia coli K-12 DH1 MDO MAP1834) of E...