R Kalluri

OBJECTIVE: Monte-Carlo simulation studies have been essential for advancing various developments in SPECT imaging, such as system design and accurate image reconstruction. Among the simulation software available, GATE is one of the most used simulation toolkits in nuclear medicine, which allows building systems and attenuation phantom geometries based on the combination of idealized volumes. However, these idealized volumes are inadequate for modeling free-form shape components of such geometries...

For plants, distinguishing between mutualistic and pathogenic microbes is a matter of survival. All microbes contain microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that are perceived by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Lysin motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are PRRs attuned for binding and triggering a response to specific MAMPs, including chitin oligomers (COs) in fungi, lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), which are produced by mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria, and peptidoglycan in bacteria...

OBJECTIVE: Pain outcomes by race in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) are not well investigated. The authors aimed to compare microvascular decompression (MVD) outcomes in TN patients on the basis of self-identified race. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients with TN who underwent MVD at their institution from 2007 to 2020. Each patient's self-reported race was recorded, and Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scores for pain and numbness were compared...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of elezanumab (ABT-555), a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed against Repulsive Guidance Molecule A (RGMa), in healthy and multiple sclerosis (MS) study participants. METHODS: The single-center, first-in-human, single ascending dose (SAD) study evaluated elezanumab (50mg-1600mg IV and 150mg SC) in 47 healthy men and women. The multi-center multiple ascending dose (MAD; NCT02601885) study evaluated elezanumab (150mg, 600mg, and 1800mg) in 20 adult men and women with MS, receiving either maintenance or no immunomodulatory treatment...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Cotton Consensus (CC) criteria for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) may not capture post-ERCP morbidity. PAN-PROMISE, a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM), was developed to quantify acute pancreatitis-related morbidity. This study aims to determine the value of PAN-PROMISE in independently defining ERCP-related morbidity. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing ERCP at 2 academic centers from September 2021 to August 2022...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Evaluate per patient diagnostic performance of a flexible wireless dual sensor system (ANNE sleep) compared to reference standard polysomnography (PSG) for the diagnosis of moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with a minimum prespecified threshold of 80% for both sensitivity and specificity. METHODS: A multicenter clinical trial was conducted to evaluate ANNE sleep versus PSG to diagnose moderate and severe OSA in individuals 22 years or older...

In contrast to normal type I collagen (Col1) heterotrimer (α1/α2/α1) produced by fibroblasts, pancreatic cancer cells specifically produce unique Col1 homotrimer (α1/α1/α1). Col1 homotrimer results from epigenetic suppression of the Col1a2 gene and promotes oncogenic signaling, cancer cell proliferation, tumor organoid formation, and growth via α3β1 integrin on cancer cells, associated with tumor microbiome enriched in anaerobic Bacteroidales in hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumors...

BACKGROUND: To estimate macular pigment values in macular telangiectasia (MacTel) Type 2 in comparison with healthy subjects in the South Indian population across different spatial profiles and to quantify the regional differences of macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in MacTel Type 2. METHODS: In this prospective cross-sectional study, healthy controls and patients diagnosed with various stages of MacTel Type 2 underwent MPOD measurement using dual-wavelength autofluorescence technique with Spectralis HRA + OCT...

Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the main energy sources for atmospheric dynamics and a critical component of the local, regional, and global water cycles. Consequently, accurate measurement or estimation of ET is one of the most active topics in hydro-climatology research. With massive and spatially distributed observational data sets of land surface properties and environmental conditions being collected from the ground, airborne or space-borne platforms daily over the past few decades, many research teams have started to use big data science to advance the ET estimation methods...

The immune cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) is involved in cancer initiation and progression, autoimmunity, as well as graft versus host disease. The ability to monitor IL-12 via imaging may provide insight into various immune processes, including levels of antitumor immunity, inflammation, and infection due to its functions in immune signaling. Here, we report the development and preclinical evaluation of an antibody-based IL-12-specific positron emission tomography (PET) tracer. To mimic localized infection and stimulate IL-12 production, BALB/c mice were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intramuscularly...

Spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) are the primary neuronal pathway for transmitting sensory information from the inner ear to the brainstem. Recent studies have revealed significant biophysical and molecular diversity indicating that auditory neurons are comprised of sub-groups whose intrinsic properties contribute to their diverse functions. Previous approaches for studying the intrinsic biophysical properties of spiral ganglion neurons relied on patch-clamp and molecular analysis of cultured somata that were disconnected from their pre-synaptic hair cell partners...

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the pandemic of the coronavirus induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) with evolving variants of concern. It remains urgent to identify novel approaches against broad strains of SARS-CoV-2, which infect host cells via the entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Herein, we report an increase in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) that express ACE2 (evACE2) in plasma of COVID-19 patients, which levels are associated with severe pathogenesis...

SPECT imaging of dopamine transporters (DAT) in the brain is a widely utilized study to improve the diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes, where conventional (parallel-hole and fan-beam) collimators on dual-head scanners are commonly employed. We have designed a multi-pinhole (MPH) collimator to improve the performance of DAT imaging. The MPH collimator focuses on the striatum and hence offers a better trade-off for sensitivity and spatial resolution than the conventional collimators within this clinically most relevant region for DAT imaging...

INTRODUCTION: His bundle pacing (HBP) and left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) have emerged as attractive alternatives to traditional biventricular pacing to achieve cardiac resynchronization therapy. Early reported results have been inconsistent, particularly amongst patients in whom initial placement with traditional approaches has been unsuccessful or those with complex anatomy or congenital abnormalities. In this report, we describe the use of three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping (EAM) in five selected cases...

Application of multi-pinhole collimator in pinhole-based SPECT increases detection sensitivity. The presence of multiplexing in projection images due to the usage of multiple pinholes can further improve the sensitivity at the cost of adding data ambiguity. We are developing a next-generation adaptive brain-dedicated SPECT system -AdaptiSPECT-C. The AdaptiSPECT-C can adapt the multiplexing level and system sensitivity using adaptable pinhole modules. In this study, we investigated the performance of 4 data acquisition schemes with different multiplexing levels and sensitivities on cerebral SPECT imaging...

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Skin vaccination by microneedle (MN) patch simplifies the immunization process to increase access to vaccines for global health. Lyophilization has been widely used to stabilize vaccines and other biologics during storage, but is generally not compatible with the MN patch manufacturing processes. In this study, our goal was to develop a method to incorporate lyophilized inactivated H1N1 influenza vaccine into MN patches during manufacturing by suspending freeze-dried vaccine in anhydrous organic solvent during the casting process...

We are developing a multi-detector pinhole-based stationary brain-dedicated SPECT system: AdaptiSPECT-C. In this work, we introduced a new design prototype with multiple adaptable pinhole apertures for each detector to modulate the multiplexing by employing temporal shuttering of apertures. Temporal shuttering of apertures over the scan time provides the AdaptiSPECT-C with the capability of multiple-frame acquisition. We investigated, through analytic simulation, the impact of projection multiplexing on image quality using several digital phantoms and a customized anthropomorphic phantom emulating brain perfusion clinical distribution...

With brain-dedicated multi-detector systems employing pinhole apertures the usage of detectors facing the top of the patient's head (i.e., quasi-vertex views) can provide the advantage of additional viewing from close to the brain for improved detector coverage. In this paper, we report the results of simulation and reconstruction studies to investigate the impact of the quasi-vertex views on the imaging performance of AdaptiSPECT-C, a brain-dedicated stationary SPECT system under development. In this design, both primary and scatter photons from regions located inferior to the brain can contribute to SPECT projections acquired by the quasi-vertex views, and thus degrade AdaptiSPECT-C imaging performance...

Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 are involved in the disposition of a variety of commonly prescribed drugs. The evaluation of OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition potential by investigational drugs is of interest during clinical drug development due to various adverse events associated with increased exposures of their substrates. Regulatory guidance documents on the in vitro assessment of OATP1B1/1B3 inhibition potential are conservative with up to a third of predictions resulting in false positives...