Gustatory Rhinitis

Smell and taste disorders can be challenging to diagnose because of the large number of potential etiologies. Patients are often unable to provide a clear history of symptoms, because they frequently cannot distinguish between difficulties with smell and taste. Standardized questionnaires may be helpful in diagnosis. Smell and taste dysfunction have been implicated in loss of appetite, unintended weight loss, malnutrition, and reduced quality of life. Taste dysfunction may be complete or partial, and affect one or more aspects of taste (sweetness, bitterness, sourness, saltiness, and umami [savory])...

Many patients have nasal syndromes that are nonallergic and noninfectious and not caused by mechanical or anatomic abnormalities. There are at least 8 recognized nonallergic rhinitis syndromes: drug-induced rhinitis including rhinitis medicamentosa, gustatory rhinitis, hormonally induced rhinitis including the rhinitis of pregnancy, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome, senile rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, cerebral spinal fluid leak, and vasomotor rhinitis. Few studies have explored etiologic causes...

Rhinitis is characterized by one or more of the following nasal symptoms: congestion, rhinorrhea (anterior and posterior), sneezing, and itching. It is classified as allergic or nonallergic, the latter being a diverse syndrome that is characterized by symptoms of rhinitis that are not the result of IgE-mediated events. Excluding infectious rhinitis and underlying systemic diseases, clinical entities that can be classified among the disorders that make up the nonallergic rhinitis syndromes include gustatory rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), atrophic, drug-induced (rhinitis medicamentosa), hormone induced, senile rhinitis (of the elderly), rhinitis associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps, and the idiopathic variant formerly known as vasomotor rhinitis but more accurately denoted as nonallergic rhinopathy (NAR)...

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) can be injected to achieve therapeutic benefit across a large range of clinical conditions. To assess the efficacy and safety of BoNT injections for the treatment of certain hypersecretory disorders, including hyperhidrosis, sialorrhea, and chronic rhinorrhea, an expert panel reviewed evidence from the published literature. Data sources included English-language studies identified via MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Current Contents, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials...

In cystic fibrosis (CF), the most frequent life threatening inherited disease in Caucasians, sinonasal mucosa is regularly affected by defective mucociliary clearance. This facilitates pathogen colonization into CF airways and causes frequent symptoms of rhinosinusitis, including an impaired sense of smell. Despite probable effects on nutrition and overall health, CF-rhinosinusitis is little understood: CF-associated smelling deficiencies reported in literature vary between 12 and 71 %. The aim of this study was to assess olfactory and gustatory function in relation to sinonasal symptoms and sinonasal colonization, and lung function and nutrition...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to characterize gustatory rhinitis using recent advances in pathophysiology and novel surgical and medical management strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: A significant amount of research has recently focused on the role of capsaicin and its receptors (TRPV1 and VR1), which can be found on sensory c-fibers in human nasal mucosa and play a critical role in the development of nasal hyperresponsiveness to environmental factors. Blocking the nasal sensory nerve stimulation (via the use of capsaicin desensitization) or outgoing parasympathetic innervation (via endoscopic Vidian neurectomy) may control nasal hyperresponsiveness and therefore prevent the induction of rhinitis symptoms...

RHINITIS IS A GLOBAL PROBLEM AND IS DEFINED AS THE PRESENCE OF AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING: congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction. The two major classifications are allergic and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). Allergic rhinitis occurs when an allergen is the trigger for the nasal symptoms. NAR is when obstruction and rhinorrhea occurs in relation to nonallergic, noninfectious triggers such as change in the weather, exposure to caustic odors or cigarette smoke, barometric pressure differences, etc...

It is important to consider a comprehensive differential of possible rhinitis types when considering the diagnosis of chronic rhinitis, including at least 9 subtypes of nonallergic rhinitis: drug-induced rhinitis, gustatory rhinitis, hormonal-induced rhinitis, infectious rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome, occupational rhinitis, senile rhinitis, atrophic rhinitis, and nonallergic rhinopathy. This article focuses on some of the most common types of chronic rhinitis, including mixed rhinitis (allergic and nonallergic overlap), rhinitis medicamentosa, hormonal rhinitis, rhinitis of the elderly, and gustatory rhinitis...

Gustatory rhinitis is characterized by watery, uni- or bilateral rhinorrhea occurring after ingestion of solid or liquid foods, most often hot and spicy. It usually begins within a few minutes of ingestion of the implicated food, and is not associated with pruritus, sneezing, nasal congestion or facial pain. It is considered to be a non-immunological reaction. Immunohistological and pharmacological observations suggest that this disease is most likely caused by stimulation of trigeminal sensory nerve endings located at the upper aerodigestive track...

Fast disintegrating films of levocetirizine dihydrochloride useful for the treatment of acute allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria have been developed by using the taste masking ability of cyclodextrins. The fast disintegrating films were prepared by solvent casting method. The films contained water-soluble polymers such as Kollicoat IR or pullulan, aspartame and sucralose as sweeteners and pre-gelatinized starch as disintegrant. Levocetirizine dihydrochloride was incorporated into these films by in-situ complex formation with hydroxy propyl beta-cyclodextrin...

The use of botulinum toxin to treat disorders of the salivary glands is increasing in popularity in recent years. Recent reports of the use of botulinum toxin in glandular hypersecretion suggest overall favourable results with minimal side-effects. However, few randomised clinical trials means that data are limited with respect to candidate suitability, treatment dosages, frequency and duration of treatment. We report a selection of such cases from our own department managed with botulinum toxin and review the current data on use of the toxin to treat salivary gland disorders such as Frey's syndrome, excessive salivation (sialorrhoea), focal and general hyperhidrosis, excessive lacrimation and chronic rhinitis...

Most surgeons still perform T2 or T2-3 sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis (PH), but both of these treatments can cause severe side effects. Some recent articles advocating T4 sympathectomy have obtained satisfactory results. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of 3 different levels of sympathectomy. Between July 2003 and July 2006, we treated 60 patients (20 men and 40 women, mean age 26 years) who suffer from palmar hyperhidrosis by endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS). Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of sympathectomy: ETS2, ETS3, and ETS4 (20 patients in each group)...

BACKGROUND: Gustatory rhinitis is a type of nonallergic rhinitis that is usually associated with ingestion of hot or spicy foods. Characteristics of this condition and its impact on food choices have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To survey individuals regarding causative foods, association with atopic conditions, and food avoidance behaviors for gustatory rhinitis. METHODS: An original, self-administered questionnaire was distributed to children and adults who were seen in a busy outpatient dermatology clinic...

BACKGROUND: Allergic symptoms can be induced by behavioral conditioning. However, the conditionability of antiallergic effects has not yet been studied. Thus, we investigated whether the effects of a histamine 1 (H(1)) receptor antagonist are inducible in patients suffering from house-dust mite allergy using a behavioral conditioning procedure. METHODS: During the association phase, 30 patients with allergic house-dust mite rhinitis received a novel-tasting drink once daily, followed by a standard dose of the H(1) receptor antagonist, desloratadine, on 5 consecutive days...

This clinical report describes an unusual cause of nasal leakage in a patient with an obturator prosthesis who had previously undergone a maxillectomy. The diagnosis of gustatory rhinorrhea was determined by eliminating other possible causes of rhinitis. Gustatory rhinorrhea has been described as a complication of a maxillectomy.

We herein describe a case of 44-year old female who presented with a chief complaint of gustatory rhinorrhea from childhood, in which gustatory stimuli caused bilateral excessive, watery nasal secretion. No abnormality of taste acuity was observed. This disorder was presumably caused by faulty regenerated parasympathetic nerve fibers reaching the nasal mucosa or possibly, by a congenital condition. Nasal pretreatment with an anti-cholinergic drug clinically blocked the positive sugar-induced rhinorrhea, thus indicating that the gustatory rhinitis in this case was produced by foods that stimulate muscarinic receptors sensitive to atropine (probably on submucosal nasal glands)...

INTRODUCTION: Auriculotemporal nerve syndrome is characterized by erythema, perspiration, heat and pain localized in the area supplied by the auriculotemporal nerve in response to gustatory stimuli after the ingestion of different types of food. This syndrome may be confused with food allergy. CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old woman complained of erythema, sweat and heat in the right cheek after intake of several foods such as chocolate, fruits, and nuts for the previous 8 months...

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This clinical report describes an unusual situation of nasal discharge that was initially considered to be caused by a leaking obturator prosthesis in a partially repaired cleft palate patient. Ultimately, the diagnosis was rhinorrhea induced by the loading of dental implants that supported the obturator. The differential diagnoses of nasal irritation, blocking of nasal drainage posterior or anterior through a premaxillary defect, vasomotor rhinitis, and gustatory rhinorrhea are presented and discussed, as well as the measures taken to reach the final diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Immediate results of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) for hyperhidrosis are good. Adverse effects are well known but are supposed to decrease with time. We report the long-term results of ETS with regard to efficacy, side effects and patient satisfaction. METHODS: From 1993 to 1998, 382 patients suffering from hyperhidrosis of the upper limbs were operated on by means of bilateral ETS. One hundred twenty-five could be reached. There were 91 females and 34 males with a mean age of 28 years...