Oral malodour

Halitosis (bad breath) can be a cause of anxiety, depression and psychosocial stress, with pathological changes in the oral microbiota playing an important role in its development. Despite its prevalence, studies on the microbiology of halitosis are rare in Nigeria. This study determines the presence of five putative periodontal pathogens viz: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola on the tongue dorsa of halitosis and non-halitosis patients using a 16S rDNA-directed polymerase chain reaction assay...

AIM: The aim of this work was to evaluate the correlation between different methods (organoleptic evaluation, gas chromatography, salivary ?-galactosidases activity) for the evaluation of halitosis in children. The secondary purpose was to investigate the influence of orthodontic treatment on halitosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study Design: Oral malodour was detected with different methods in 50 children in the Paediatric Dentistry Unit, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy...

This systematic review appraises studies conducted with layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for fluoride release in dentistry. LDH has been used as antacids, water purification in removing excess fluoride in drinking water and drug delivery. It has great potential for controlled fluoride release in dentistry, e.g., varnishes, fissure sealants and muco-adhesive strips, etc. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement was followed with two reviewers performing a literature search using four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Ovid Medline with no date restrictions...

In clinical practice, caregivers of children with phenylketonuria (PKU) report that their children have breath malodour. This might be linked to the regular consumption of low phenylalanine (Phe)/Phe-free protein substitutes (PS), which are an essential component of a low-Phe diet. Oral malodour can negatively affect interpersonal communication, lead to bullying, low self-esteem and social isolation. In this longitudinal cross-over study, exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry...

Oral malodour is considered to be caused mainly by the production of volatile sulfide compounds (VSC) by anaerobic Gram-negative oral bacteria. Previous studies showed that these bacteria were susceptible to blue light phototoxicity mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, we tested the effect of blue light on the integrity Fusobacterium nucleatum's membrane, cellular proteins and DNA. Bacterial samples were exposed to high intensity blue light for 0, 70, 140, and 280 sec (i...

Methanethiol (MT) is an organic sulfur compound with a strong and disagreeable odour. It has biogeochemical relevance as an important compound in the global sulfur cycle, where it is produced as a reactive intermediate in a number of different pathways for synthesis and degradation of other globally significant sulfur compounds such as dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfide and methionine. With its low odour threshold and unpleasant smell, MT can be a significant cause of malodour originating from animal husbandry, composting, landfill operations, and wastewater treatment and is also associated with faeces, flatus and oral malodour (halitosis)...

Mucoadhesive tablets containing herbal formulation have been previously shown to reduce oral malodour. The aim of the present in vitro study was to test the effect of the mucoadhesive agent hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) added to a liquid phase herbal extract formulation on the mucoadhesive retention of the active ingredients and their effect against malodour production. Experimental oral biofilms were grown on mucin coated glass slides treated with liquid phase solutions of herbal extract with or without HEC as well as saline and 0...

AIM: This randomized controlled cross-over-design-study investigated short-term effects on oral malodour of a zinc-lactate-containing mouthwash. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen subjects (18-65 years) with an organoleptic score (OLS) ≥2 were included. Following rinses were used: (A) a zinc-lactate-containing mouthwash (10 ml/30 s); (B) a zinc-lactate-containing mouthwash (15 ml/60 s); (C) a rinse without zinc-lactate (3 droplets/10 ml tap water/30 s) and (D) tap water (10 ml/30 s)...

BACKGROUND: Oral malodour is mainly caused by volatile sulphur compounds produced by bacteria and bacterial interactions. It is difficult to predict the presence or absence of oral malodour based on the abundances of specific species and their combinations. This paper presents an effective way of deep learning approach to predicting the oral malodour from salivary microbiota. METHODS: The 16S rRNA genes from saliva samples of 90 subjects (45 had no or weak oral malodour, and 45 had marked oral malodour) were amplified, and gene sequence analysis was carried out...

In the past, our inability to cultivate most of the oral microorganisms has limited our view of this complex ecosystem. In the present study, we utilized next generation deep sequencing techniques to revisit the microbiome associated with denture malodour, a growing field with the rise in life expectancy. The study population comprised 26 full dentures patients (mean age 71 ± 6.4, 10 males, 16 females) who visited the Tel Aviv University dental geriatric clinic. Denture malodour was rated organoleptically by a single odour judge, and dentures scoring 2 and above were considered malodour positive...

Introduction: Oral malodour is a social malady affecting people of all the age groups. Effective management of oral malodour is the key to improve the quality of life of such people. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of ayurvedic medication, G32 in controlling oral malodour and comparing the effects with Chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and Methods: This was a single blind randomized controlled trial with parallel study design conducted at a hospital in the city of Udupi in Southern India...

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this study is to critically assess recent studies concerning the use of probiotics to control periodontal diseases, dental caries and halitosis (oral malodour). Recent Findings: Clinical studies have shown that probiotics when allied to conventional periodontal treatment can ameliorate microbial dysbiosis and produce significant improvement in clinical indicators of disease. However, this effect is often not maintained by the host after the end of probiotic use...

Dry mouth (xerostomia), is a fairly common, well-researched condition, which is an indirect cause of oral malodour. This systematic literature review looked into another cause of bad breath: adverse drug reactions in the orofacial region causing halitosis. The study focused on extraoral halitosis, and its subdivisions, particularly blood borne halitosis in which malodourous compounds in the blood stream are carried to the lungs, passively diffused across the pulmonary alveolar membrane to enter the breath. An electronic search was conducted in various databases...

In the past, our inability to cultivate most of the oral microorganisms has limited our view of this complex ecosystem. In the present study, we utilized next generation deep sequencing techniques to revisit the microbiome associated with dentures malodour a growing problem with the rise in life expectancy. Study population comprised of twenty six full dentures patients (mean age 71±6.4, 16 females) who visited the Tel Aviv University dental geriatric clinic. Dentures malodour was rated organoleptically by a single odour judge and dentures scored 2 and above were considered malodour positive...

OBJECTIVES: Halitosis, also known as bad breath or oral malodour, is a condition affecting a large proportion of the population. Solobacterium moorei is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that has been specifically associated with halitosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of essential oils, more particularly cinnamon bark oil, on growth, biofilm formation, eradication and killing, as well as hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) production by S. moorei. METHODS: A broth microdilution assay was used to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oils...

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AIM: To compare the effects of a regimen consisting of a tooth/tongue gel, tongue cleaner and mouthwash with the effects of using standard fluoride dentifrice on the organoleptic oral malodour score (ORG) and volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total, 66 non-dental students participated in a 3-week parallel, single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. The test group used a tongue cleaner, a tooth/tongue gel and mouthwash containing amine fluoride/stannous fluoride and zinc lactate as oral malodour counteractive...

OBJECTIVES: To explore the relative effectiveness of topical or oral metronidazole used for malodour in necrotic cancers and to propose a protocol for metronidazole usage in managing malodour. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of the management of malodour over 10 years comparing outcomes with topical, intermittent and maintenance oral metronidazole. RESULTS: Among 179 patients treated for malodour, the commonest primaries were cervical (45%), and head and neck cancers (40%)...

AIMS: The aims of this study were to describe the pattern of presentation of halitosis and to evaluate the success rate following routine dental intervention irrespective of the type of halitosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among sixty consecutive patients who presented in our Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine Clinic, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, on account of halitosis from May 2015 to April 2016...

Oral malodour is considered to be caused mainly by the production of volatile sulfide compounds (VSC) by anaerobic Gram-negative oral bacteria. Previous study showed that these bacteria were susceptible to blue light (wavelengths of 400-500 nm). In the present study, we tested the effect of blue light in the presence of red dyes on malodour production in an experimental oral biofilm. Biofilms were exposed to a plasma-arc light source for 30, 60, and 120 s (i.e. fluences of 41, 82, and 164 J cm(-2), respectively) with the addition of erythrosine, natural red and rose bengal (0...