adenoid hypertrophy

INTRODUCTION: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common upper respiratory disorder in children. Disturbances of gut microbiota have been implicated in AH. However, the interplay of alteration of gut microbiome and enlarged adenoids remains elusive. METHODS: 119 AH children and 100 healthy controls were recruited, and microbiome profiling of fecal samples in participants was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) was conducted to verify the effects of gut microbiota on immune response in mice...

INTRODUCTION: Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are frequently performed in children with known or suspected aspiration, however, the additive value of FB in conjunction with direct laryngoscopy and rigid bronchoscopy (DLB) has not been previously quantified. This study details the common endoscopic/cytological findings and associated management impact of FB and BAL in pediatric Aerodigestive patients undergoing combined airway evaluation (FB and DLB) for oropharyngeal dysphagia...

OBJECTIVE: To identify adenoid inflammatory endotypes based on inflammatory markers, match endotypes to phenotypes, and predict endotypes. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 72 children with adenoid hypertrophy. Thirteen inflammatory markers and total immunoglobulin E (TIgE) in adenoid tissue were analyzed using Luminex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for performing cluster analysis. Correlation analysis was used to examine the characteristics of each cluster...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the correlation between open-mouth breathing and temporomandibular joint morphology by examining CT data in patients. METHODS: From January to December 2022, 31 patients with open-mouth breathing and 20 with normal breathing were chosen from those attending the Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. We compared condylar measurements among normal breathers (NB), pre-operative open-mouth breathers (Pre-OB), and post-operative open-mouth breathers (Post-OB) to identify statistically significant differences...

BACKGROUND: Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is frequently caused by adenoiditis in children. OME is arguably one of the most common disorders that impairs hearing, speech development, and causes learning issues as a result. However, treatment options are debatable. AIM: This study aims to evaluate if inserting a ventilation tube in conjunction with adenoidectomy is significantly superior to adenoidectomy in conjunction with myringotomy alone in terms of hearing outcome in 6-12 years old children with OME...

Background: Adenoidal hypertrophy (AH) is one of the most common causes of upper airway obstruction in children. Drug and surgical treatment are the typical treatment of AH. The study on the inflammatory mechanism of AH in children provides a new idea for preoperative intervention and non-surgical treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs such as montelukast sodium (a cysteine leukotriene receptor antagonist). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of montelukast sodium on adenoidal lymphoid tissue pathology in children with AH under light microscope...

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 1% to 5% of all children, with the most significant prevalence between ages 2 and 8. Correlations between OSA and Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) have been well-demonstrated in children. If untreated, OSA can cause growth impairment, neuro-cognitive and behavioral problems, and cardiovascular complications. Allergy was reported to be a vital risk factor for AH, among other inflammatory processes mentioned. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate that the combination of nasal steroids and ani leukotriene reduces the number of adenectomies in children with OSA and adenoid hypertrophy in Saudi children...

Background Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common clinical problem in pediatric patients. Adenotonsillectomy is a surgical intervention to remove airway obstruction and alleviate symptoms. However, some children continue to experience persistent symptoms after surgery. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative tonsils and adenoid size and the persistence of symptoms, including snoring, mouth breathing, noisy breathing, and sleep apnea, after adenotonsillectomy in pediatric patients...

INTRODUCTION: Recurrent/residual adenoidal hypertrophy after adenotonsillectomy in children can result in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We aimed to assess the polysomnographic (PSG) outcomes of revision adenoidectomy in children with recurrent/residual adenoidal hypertrophy and OSA. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study that included children with sleep studies that confirmed OSA and known history of adenotonsillectomy who were diagnosed with adenoidal hypertrophy and subsequently underwent revision adenoidectomy...

Nasal obstruction is one of the main symptoms of different nasal pathologies. Many physiologic and pathologic conditions can produce nasal airflow impairment causing nasal obstruction and affecting patients' quality of life. There are different methods for the measurement of nasal obstruction, but in clinical practice the most common used are acoustic rhinometry, rhinomanometry and peak nasal inspiratory flow. This review describes the fundamental of acoustic rhinomanometry, its normal values, the different physiologic and pathologic conditions that can modify nasal patency and the utility of this instrument for the measurement of nasal obstruction in clinical practice...

INTRODUCTION: Joubert syndrome is a rare disease of genetic origin with autosomal recessive inheritance and extreme genetic heterogeneity with more than 40 causative genes. Joubert syndrome 7 is caused by mutations in the RPGRIP1L gene. PATIENT CONCERNS: Our report describes a pediatric patient with clinical features compatible with JS type 7 such as hypotonia, developmental delay and aplasia of the cerebellar vermis. DIAGNOSIS: The clinical features and the MRI of the head and neck which showed alterations at the level of the posterior fossa, with absence of the vermis and horizontal disposition of the cerebellar peduncles, were compatible with Joubert syndrome...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the main manifestation of sleep-disordered breathing in children. Untreated OSA can lead to a variety of complications and adverse consequences mainly due to intermittent hypoxemia. The pathogenesis of OSA is multifactorial. In children aged 2 years or older, adenoid and/or tonsil hypertrophy are the most common causes of upper airway lumen reduction; obesity becomes a major risk factor in older children and adolescents since the presence of fat in the pharyngeal soft tissue reduces the caliber of the lumen...

Objective: To determine the significance of the nasopharyngeal cavity area (S) in diagnosing and treating adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children by measuring it with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of eighty-five 5- to 6-year-old children with AH admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Dalian Central Hospital between January 2022 and April 2023. Of the 85 patients, 48 were male and 37 were female; all had been diagnosed with AH and underwent surgery...

INTRODUCTION: Adenoidectomy is most commonly performed in children to alleviate the symptoms pertaining to adenoid hypertrophy. The conventional cold steel method utilizing adenoid curette is the most commonly performed method in the world even after the invention of endoscopes & powered instruments like coblator & microdebrider due to the cost & time factors. The conventional method being a blind procedure, carries higher rate of recurrence due to remnant tissues. The visualization of the adenoid tissue in nasopharynx through the nasal endoscope helps in better engagement of adenoids into the curette & adequate tissue clearance with reduced recurrence of symptoms...

A prospective comparative study was carried out in patients attending ENT Out Patient Department of a tertiary care Hospital with an aim to determine the association of adenoid hypertrophy with chronic nasal and middle ear pathologies in those aged 18 years or above. Patients presenting between August 2020 and February 2022 with chronic nasal and middle ear pathologies who underwent diagnostic nasal endoscopy were seen for adenoid hypertrophy and its association was analysed statistically. Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in 18-25, 26-35, 36-45 and 46-55 years age group are 56...

UNLABELLED: Objectives : To analyze the effects of chronic adenoid hypertrophy on quality of life (QOL) of children and caregivers and compare quality of life of child before and after adenoidectomy. Materials & Methods : Prospective, observational before and after questionnaire based assessment study at a pediatric otorhinolaryngology specialty center in a metropolitan quaternary care hospital. Children aged between 2 and 12 years undergoing adenoidectomy were included. Parents were asked to fill the Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 (OSA-18) Quality of Life Index Questionnaire one day before surgery and after one month of surgery during their scheduled follow-up visit...

Persistent adenoid is a common condition that affects many children and adults. This can cause breathing difficulties, snoring, and other respiratory problems. The condition can also affect the development of the facial structure and cause abnormal growth of the jaw and teeth. The study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of persistent adenoid and its secondary effects. A total of 64 patients with adenoid hypertrophy were included in the study, and they were evaluated through various clinical and pathological examinations...

BACKGROUND: OSA is a common problem in children and adolescents. Angle class II malocclusion, a tendency toward the vertical type of growth, causes a decrease in the volume of the oral air space, increasing the risk of OSAS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cephalometric and OSA parameters, to develop collaborative approaches between orthodontists and somnologists in the treatment of adolescents with OSA. METHODS: We analyzed data from 41 adolescents with OSA...

This study aims to investigate the association between adenoid hypertrophy and facial development. A total of 388 children aged 1-13 years old who had undergone head MRI in Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital were collected, including 196 hypertrophic cases and 192 normal cases. The maxillofacial soft tissue indicators were measured and compared. The A/N ratio and adenoid thickness consistently increased with age in the hypertrophic group and the A/N ratio reached a maximum value three years earlier than the normal group...

OBJECTIVE: This study compares the efficacy of low-temperature plasma excision and adenoidectomy performed under a nasal endoscope (NE) to treat adenoid hypertrophy (AH). The goal is to offer valuable insights and guidance for future treatments. METHODS: We selected a cohort of 83 children diagnosed with AH admitted to our hospital between August 2019 and August 2022. The observation group included 45 children treated with low-temperature plasma excision under NE, while the control group consisted of 38 children treated with adenoidectomy under NE...