Use the keywords feature with a free QxMD account.
Use Read by QxMD to access full text via your institution or open access sources.
Read also provides personalized recommendations to keep you up to date in your field.
Existing User
Sign InNew to Read
Sign Up#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M G Meekan, P Virtue, L Marcus, K D Clements, P D Nichols, A T Revill
The evolution of very large body size requires a ubiquitous and abundant source of food. In marine environments the largest animals such as whale sharks are secondary consumers that filter feed on nekton, which is plentiful, although patchy. Consequently, feeding in coastal environments requires cost-efficient foraging that focuses on oceanographic features that aggregate both nektonic prey and marine debris such as floating macroalgae. Consumption of this algae could present an energetic challenge for these animals, unless some component can be digested...
July 19, 2022: Ecology
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aldo Benites-Palomino, Jorge Velez-Juarbe, Ali Altamirano-Sierra, Alberto Collareta, Jorge D Carrillo-Briceño, Mario Urbina
Shark-cetacean trophic interactions, preserved as bite marks in the fossil record, mostly correspond to isolated or fragmentary findings that bear limited information about major trophic patterns or roles. Here, we provide evidence of focalized foraging by sharks in the form of tooth bite marks over physeteroids fossil bones from the late Miocene of Peru. These findings indicate that sharks were targeting the forehead of coeval physeteroids to actively feed on their lipid-rich nasal complexes. Miocene physeteroids displayed a broad diversity, including giant predatorial forms, small benthic foragers and suction feeders...
June 29, 2022: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fiona K Bakke, Manu Kumar Gundappa, Hanover Matz, David A Stead, Daniel J Macqueen, Helen Dooley
Many animals of scientific importance lack species-specific reagents (e.g., monoclonal antibodies) for in-depth studies of immune proteins. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has emerged as a useful method for monitoring changes in protein abundance and modifications in non-model species. It can be used to quantify hundreds of candidate immune molecules simultaneously without the generation of new reagents. Here, we used MS-based proteomics to identify and quantify candidate immune proteins in the plasma of the nurse shark ( Ginglymostoma cirratum ), a cartilaginous fish and representative of the most basal extant vertebrate lineage with an immunoglobulin-based immune system...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Venkata A Surapaneni, Mike Schindler, Ricardo Ziege, Luciano C de Faria, Jan Wölfer, Cécile M Bidan, Frederik H Mollen, Shahrouz Amini, Sean Hanna, Mason N Dean
From large ventral pleats of humpback whales to nanoscale ridges on flower petals, wrinkled structures are omnipresent, multifunctional, and found at hugely diverse scales. Depending on the particulars of the biological system-its environment, morphology, and mechanical properties-wrinkles may control adhesion, friction, wetting, or drag; promote interfacial exchange; act as flow channels; or contribute to stretching, mechanical integrity, or structural color. Undulations on natural surfaces primarily arise from stress-induced instabilities of surface layers (e...
June 8, 2022: Integrative and Comparative Biology
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirsty Magson, Emily Monacella, Chad Scott, Noémie Buffat, Sirachai Arunrugstichai, Metavee Chuangcharoendee, Simon J Pierce, Jason Holmberg, Gonzalo Araujo
The whale shark Rhincodon typus is a broadly distributed and highly mobile planktivorous shark species. The sharks form predictable aggregations in many areas, providing the opportunity for cost-effective scientific monitoring through divers and other marine resource users. Sightings of individuals outside of these aggregate zones elsewhere in their range are typically rare. We used a citizen science-based approach to shed light on occurrence and seasonality in the waters around Koh Tao, Thailand and neighbouring islands in the Gulf of Thailand...
May 31, 2022: Journal of Fish Biology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Freya C Womersley, Nicolas E Humphries, Nuno Queiroz, Marisa Vedor, Ivo da Costa, Miguel Furtado, John P Tyminski, Katya Abrantes, Gonzalo Araujo, Steffen S Bach, Adam Barnett, Michael L Berumen, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Camrin D Braun, Elizabeth Clingham, Jesse E M Cochran, Rafael de la Parra, Stella Diamant, Alistair D M Dove, Christine L Dudgeon, Mark V Erdmann, Eduardo Espinoza, Richard Fitzpatrick, Jaime González Cano, Jonathan R Green, Hector M Guzman, Royale Hardenstine, Abdi Hasan, Fábio H V Hazin, Alex R Hearn, Robert E Hueter, Mohammed Y Jaidah, Jessica Labaja, Felipe Ladino, Bruno C L Macena, John J Morris, Bradley M Norman, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma, Simon J Pierce, Lina M Quintero, Dení Ramírez-Macías, Samantha D Reynolds, Anthony J Richardson, David P Robinson, Christoph A Rohner, David R L Rowat, Marcus Sheaves, Mahmood S Shivji, Abraham B Sianipar, Gregory B Skomal, German Soler, Ismail Syakurachman, Simon R Thorrold, D Harry Webb, Bradley M Wetherbee, Timothy D White, Tyler Clavelle, David A Kroodsma, Michele Thums, Luciana C Ferreira, Mark G Meekan, Lucy M Arrowsmith, Emily K Lester, Megan M Meyers, Lauren R Peel, Ana M M Sequeira, Victor M Eguíluz, Carlos M Duarte, David W Sims
Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic...
May 17, 2022: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Colin G DeYoung, Roman Kotov, Robert F Krueger, David C Cicero, Christopher C Conway, Nicholas R Eaton, Miriam K Forbes, Michael N Hallquist, Katherine Jonas, Robert D Latzman, Craig Rodriguez-Seijas, Camilo J Ruggero, Leonard J Simms, Irwin D Waldman, Monika A Waszczuk, Thomas Widiger, Aidan G C Wright
This commentary discusses questions and misconceptions about HiTOP raised by Haeffel et al. (2021). We explain what the system classifies and why it is descriptive and atheoretical, highlighting benefits and limitations of this approach. We clarify why the system is organized according to patterns of covariation or comorbidity among signs and symptoms of psychopathology, and we discuss how it is designed to be falsifiable and revised in a manner that is responsive to data. We refer to the body of evidence for HiTOP's external validity and for its scientific and clinical utility...
March 2022: Clinical Psychological Science
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gerald J Haeffel, Bertus F Jeronimus, Bonnie N Kaiser, Lesley Jo Weaver, Peter D Soyster, Aaron J Fisher, Ivan Vargas, Jason T Goodson, Wei Lu
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) uses factor analysis to group people with similar self-reported symptoms (i.e., like-goes-with-like). It is hailed as a significant improvement over other diagnostic taxonomies. However, the purported advantages and fundamental assumptions of HiTOP have received little, if any scientific scrutiny. We critically evaluated five fundamental claims about HiTOP. We conclude that HiTOP does not demonstrate a high degree of verisimilitude and has the potential to hinder progress on understanding the etiology of psychopathology...
March 2022: Clinical Psychological Science
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ai Sun, Xiaoyu Yan, Jing Sun, Zhaohui Tian, Wei Wang, Hongxia Hu
Three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs), ArGnRH1, ArGnRH2, and ArGnRH3, were identified in sterlet. Compared with their orthologue, ArGnRH1 and ArGnRH2 have conserved core decapeptide but show low identity in the signal peptide and the rest of the sequences. The existence of the GnRH3 paralogue of sturgeon was predicted for the first time with TBLASTN by using the amino acid sequences of catshark and whale shark GnRH3 precursor as queries against the whole genome and transcript data of sterlet...
July 1, 2022: General and Comparative Endocrinology
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Royale S Hardenstine, Song He, Jesse E M Cochran, Camrin D Braun, Edgar Fernando Cagua, Simon J Pierce, Clare E M Prebble, Christoph A Rohner, Pablo Saenz-Angudelo, Tane H Sinclair-Taylor, Gregory B Skomal, Simon R Thorrold, Alexandra M Watts, Casey J Zakroff, Michael L Berumen
The whale shark Rhincodon typus is found throughout the world's tropical and warm-temperate ocean basins. Despite their broad physical distribution, research on the species has been concentrated at a few aggregation sites. Comparing DNA sequences from sharks at different sites can provide a demographically neutral understanding of the whale shark's global ecology. Here, we created genetic profiles for 84 whale sharks from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea and 72 individuals from the coast of Tanzania using a combination of microsatellite and mitochondrial sequences...
January 2022: Ecology and Evolution
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adis Israngkura
COVID-19 and subsequent government health containment measures have slowed down economic activities worldwide, particularly tourism. With the number of foreign tourists entering Thailand during 2020 and 2021 greatly diminished, the number of tourists at marine and coastal attractions in Southern Thailand has declined as well. This study found evidence of a relationship between the decline of the number of tourists and marine resource recovery. This recovery appears in the form of cleaner beaches, clearer seawater and increased sighting of marine animals...
March 2022: Marine Policy
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leandra Hamann, Alexander Blanke
Suspension feeders (SFs) evolved a high diversity of mechanisms, sometimes with remarkably convergent morphologies, to retain plankton, detritus and man-made particles with particle sizes ranging from less than 1 µm to several centimetres. Based on an extensive literature review, also including the physical and technical principles of solid-liquid separation, we developed a set of 18 ecological and technical parameters to review 35 taxa of suspension-feeding Metazoa covering the diversity of morphological and functional principles...
January 2022: Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Holly Kelchner, Katie E Reeve-Arnold, Kathryn M Schreiner, Sibel Bargu, Kim G Roques, Reagan M Errera
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing globally in frequency, persistence, and geographic extent, posing a threat to ecosystem and human health. To date, no occurrences of marine phycotoxins have been recorded in Mozambique, which may be due to absence of a monitoring program and general awareness of potential threats. This study is the first documentation of neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia along the east coast of Africa. Coastal Inhambane Province is a biodiversity hotspot where year-round Rhincodon typus (whale shark) sightings are among the highest globally and support an emerging ecotourism industry...
December 15, 2021: Toxins
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mila Mi Hua Yong, Clara Leistenschneider, Joni Anne Miranda, Maria Kristina Paler, Christine Legaspi, Elitza Germanov, Gonzalo Araujo, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm, Gabriel Erni-Cassola
Marine plastic abundance has increased over the past 60 years and microplastics (< 5 mm) constitute a primary component of such litter. Filter-feeding megafauna, such as the whale shark, might be particularly affected by microplastic pollution as their feeding mode requires filtration of up to thousands of cubic meters of water. In addition, the habitat range of whale sharks intersects with several recognized microplastic pollution hotspots, among which is the Coral Triangle. Direct evidence for microplastic ingestion in whale sharks however, has not yet been presented...
2021: Microplast nanoplast
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Knud Larsen, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process in which nucleotide changes are introduced into an RNA sequence, many of which can contribute to proteomic sequence variation. The most common type of RNA editing, contributing to nearly 99% of all editing events in RNA, is A-to-I (adenosine-to-inosine) editing mediated by double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzymes. A-to-I editing at 'recoding' sites results in non-synonymous substitutions in protein-coding sequences. Here, we present studies of the conservation of A-to-I editing in selected mRNAs between pigs, bowhead whales, humans and two shark species...
2021: PloS One
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hannah J Myers, Daniel W Olsen, Craig O Matkin, Lara A Horstmann, Brenda Konar
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are top predators throughout the world's oceans. In the North Pacific, the species is divided into three ecotypes-resident (fish-eating), transient (mammal-eating), and offshore (largely shark-eating)-that are genetically and acoustically distinct and have unique roles in the marine ecosystem. In this study, we examined the year-round distribution of killer whales in the northern Gulf of Alaska from 2016 to 2020 using passive acoustic monitoring. We further described the daily acoustic residency patterns of three killer whale populations (southern Alaska residents, Gulf of Alaska transients, and AT1 transients) for one year of these data...
October 13, 2021: Scientific Reports
#37
Brianne E Hoglin, Marin Miner, Robert M Dores
In the current study, the whale shark (ws; Rhincodon typus) melanocortin-2 receptor (MC2R) co-expressed with wsMRAP1 in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells could be stimulated in a dose dependent manner by ACTH(1-24) with an EC50 of 2.6 × 10-10 M ± 9.7 × 10-11 . When the receptor was expressed alone, stimulation was only observed at [10-6 M]. A comparable increase in sensitivity to stimulation by srDes-Ac-αMSH was also observed when the receptor was co-expressed with wsMRAP1. Furthermore, co-expression with wsMRAP1 significantly increased the trafficking of wsMC2R to the plasma membrane of CHO cells...
January 1, 2022: General and Comparative Endocrinology
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Itsumi Nakamura, Hiroyuki Tsuchida, Kazuki Tone, Kazuyoshi Komeyama, Akira Sasaki, Ryo Kawabe
During a behavioural survey of a tagged whale shark (Rhincodon typus) conducted in 2019 in the waters off Kagoshima, Japan, a typhoon passed close to the area under surveillance. As the typhoon approached, monitoring of the shark's movements indicated that it dived to depths of up to 90 m, and during this period, we recorded the effects of the typhoon-induced waves. We also detected changes in the vertical thermal structure of the waters, possibly due to the disturbance caused by the typhoon. This article is protected by copyright...
September 8, 2021: Journal of Fish Biology
#39
Eric E G Clua, Simon Demarchi, Carl G Meyer
Understanding why sharks bite humans is essential for developing strategies to prevent these incidents. Here, we use bite wound characteristics and eye witness descriptions of shark behavior to determine the likely motivation for several bites perpetrated by an oceanic whitetip (OWT) shark Carcharhinus longimanus on an adult female snorkeler off Moorea island (French Polynesia) in October 2019. The victim was snorkeling with others in pelagic waters as part of an organized whale-watching tour when the shark-without any warning behavior-bit her at least three times resulting in severe injuries with substantial loss of soft tissue from the chest and both forearms...
November 2021: Journal of Forensic Sciences
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Milton Tan, Anthony K Redmond, Helen Dooley, Ryo Nozu, Keiichi Sato, Shigehiro Kuraku, Sergey Koren, Adam M Phillippy, Alistair Dm Dove, Timothy Read
Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) are fundamental for understanding vertebrate evolution, yet their genomes are understudied. We report long-read sequencing of the whale shark genome to generate the best gapless chondrichthyan genome assembly yet with higher contig contiguity than all other cartilaginous fish genomes, and studied vertebrate genomic evolution of ancestral gene families, immunity, and gigantism. We found a major increase in gene families at the origin of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) independent of their genome duplication...
August 19, 2021: ELife
Make the most of Read.
Download the mobile app.
Download the mobile app.
Fetching more papers... 
