keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38464900/practice-patterns-in-pediatric-infectious-encephalopathy-in-four-centers-in-africa
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tigist Bacha, Alexandra Obremskey, Jessica Buxton, Ericka L Fink, Amelie von Saint Andre-von Arnim, Madiha Raees
INTRODUCTION: Infectious encephalopathy (IE), including meningitis, infectious encephalitis, and cerebral abscess, remains prevalent and carries high mortality and morbidity in children, especially in low and middle income countries (LMIC). This study aims to describe the usual care and outcomes of pediatric IE in four LMIC hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa to support evidence-based care guideline development. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the Prevalence of Acute Critical Neurological disease in children: A Global Epidemiological Assessment-Developing Countries study, a 4-week, prospective, observational study in children (1 week to 17 years) with IE presenting to referral hospitals in Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Ghana...
2024: Frontiers in Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38342863/acyclovir-induced-nephrotoxicity-in-adults-with-viral-encephalitis
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rida Batool, Syeda Nosheen Zehra
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of parenteral Acyclovir-induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in patients with viral encephalitis. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Neurology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, from January to December 2021. METHODOLOGY: A total of 89 suspected and proven cases of encephalitis receiving IV Acyclovir were collated. All had extensive medical histories and underwent CSF studies with +/- brain imaging...
February 2024: Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons—Pakistan: JCPSP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38330834/rabies-post-exposure-prophylaxis-in-the-emergency-department
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Terese Lewis, Krysta Baack, Leigh Gomez, Heather Nichols, Caitlin Lemmons, Wesley Zeger
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Rabies is a zoonotic single-stranded RNA lyssavirus that can cause acute infections of the central nervous system (CNS) including encephalomyelitis, encephalitis, and meningoencephalitis that is progressively fatal. Rabies is more common in developing countries, but approximately 23,000 people in the United States (US) are estimated to have been exposed or to have received post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) yearly. Nebraska Medicine follows the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines for the vaccination series, as well as the 20 units/kg administration of immunoglobulin (RIG)...
January 29, 2024: American Journal of Emergency Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38312020/canadian-consensus-guidelines-for-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-autoimmune-encephalitis-in-adults
#4
REVIEW
Christopher Hahn, Adrian Budhram, Katayoun Alikhani, Nasser AlOhaly, Grayson Beecher, Gregg Blevins, John Brooks, Robert Carruthers, Jacynthe Comtois, Juthaporn Cowan, Paula de Robles, Julien Hébert, Ronak K Kapadia, Sarah Lapointe, Aaron Mackie, Warren Mason, Brienne McLane, Alexandra Muccilli, Ilia Poliakov, Penelope Smyth, Kimberly G Williams, Christopher Uy, Jennifer A McCombe
Autoimmune encephalitis is increasingly recognized as a neurologic cause of acute mental status changes with similar prevalence to infectious encephalitis. Despite rising awareness, approaches to diagnosis remain inconsistent and evidence for optimal treatment is limited. The following Canadian guidelines represent a consensus and evidence (where available) based approach to both the diagnosis and treatment of adult patients with autoimmune encephalitis. The guidelines were developed using a modified RAND process and included input from specialists in autoimmune neurology, neuropsychiatry and infectious diseases...
February 5, 2024: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38259358/gastrointestinal-dysbiosis-in-neuro-critically-ill-patients-a-systematic-review-of-case-control-studies
#5
REVIEW
Haseeb Mehmood Qadri, Saad Abdullah Dar, Raahim A Bashir, Manal Khan, Salamat Ali, Abdul Subhan Zahid, Asim Ali, Marriam, Saba Waheed, Maha Saeed
The human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has a rich and pre-programmed microbiome. This microbiome is essential for physiological functions such as digestion, immunity, metabolism, and structural integrity, and of prime concern to us in conducting this study is the nervous system communication. This two-way communication between the GIT and central nervous system (CNS) is known as the gut-brain axis (GBA) and has implications for neurocritical disease. A change in any factor relating to this microbiome is known as gut dysbiosis; this can lead to aberrant communication through the GBA and in turn, can contribute to disease states...
December 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38219347/the-significance-of-cerebrospinal-fluid-analysis-in-the-differential-diagnosis-of-564-psychiatric-patients-multiple-sclerosis-is-more-common-than-autoimmune-encephalitis
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hannah Benedictine Maier, Jan Stadler, Stephanie Deest-Gaubatz, Francesca Borlak, Seda Nur Türker, Franz Felix Konen, Johanna Seifert, Cagla Kesen, Helge Frieling, Stefan Bleich, Daniel Lüdecke, Jürgen Gallinat, Niels Hansen, Jens Wiltfang, Thomas Skripuletz, Alexandra Neyazi
The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an essential tool for the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders caused by autoimmune inflammation or infections. Clear guidelines for CSF analysis are limited and mainly available for schizophrenia and dementia. Thus, insights into CSF changes in psychiatric patients largely derive from research. We analyzed the clinical and CSF data of 564 psychiatric patients without pre-existing neurological diagnoses from March 1998 to April 2020. Primary aim was to detect previously undiagnosed neurological conditions as underlying cause for the psychiatric disorder...
March 2024: Psychiatry Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38219011/adjunctive-intravenous-immunoglobulin-and%C3%A2-glucocorticoid-therapy-in-severe-herpes-simplex-encephalitis-with-excellent-outcome-begs-for-larger-trials-evaluating-immunomodulatory-therapy
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George Sakoulas, Jon Roth, Hugo Van der Kuy
BACKGROUND Despite the preponderance of evidence of immune-driven pathophysiology of disease in herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis, current treatment paradigms do not officially recommend adjunctive immunomodulatory therapy in addition to acyclovir. This may in part explain the poor long-term outcomes in patients with severe HSV encephalitis. This report is of a 21-year-old man presenting with a 4-day history of nausea, headache, and fever and a diagnosis of HSV-1 encephalitis. CASE REPORT We describe the case of a young male with clinically and radiographically severe HSV-1 encephalitis diagnosed by PCR of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), who demonstrated immediate improvement upon treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, 0...
January 14, 2024: American Journal of Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38194197/sudden-unexpected-death-in-epilepsy-and-ictal-asystole-in-patients-with-autoimmune-encephalitis-a-systematic-review
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alberto Vogrig, Fabrizio Bellizzi, Alessandra Burini, Gian Luigi Gigli, Luca Girardi, Jérôme Honnorat, Mariarosaria Valente
OBJECTIVE: As autoimmune encephalitis (AE) often involves the mesial temporal structures which are known to be involved in both sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and ictal asystole (IA), it may represent a good model to study the physiopathology of these phenomena. Herein, we systematically reviewed the occurrence of SUDEP and IA in AE. METHODS: We searched 4 databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science) for studies published between database inception and December 20, 2022, according to the PRISMA guidelines...
January 9, 2024: Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38173540/anti-nmdar-encephalitis-clinical-practice-guideline-improving-time-to-diagnosis-treatment-and-hospital-length-of-stay
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelsey M Barter, Catherine Fuchs, Thomas B Graham, Lindsay M Pagano, McKenzie Vater
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A clinical practice guideline (CPG) was created to standardize evaluation and treatment for patients with suspected anti-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoimmune encephalitis (AE), the most common AE in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the CPG effect on time to diagnosis, treatment, and hospital length of stay (LOS). METHODS: Patients with an inpatient consult to pediatric rheumatology for AE during a 4-year period (period 2) after CPG implementation were identified...
February 2024: Neurology. Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38163879/clinical-characteristics-of-autoimmune-encephalitis-with-co-existence-of-multiple-anti-neuronal-antibodies
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiyi Zhou, Hao Chen, Min Zhu, Menghua Li, Lianqun Wang, Zunchun Xie, Meihong Zhou, Xiaomu Wu, Daojun Hong
BACKGROUND: An increasing number of cases of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with co-existing multiple anti-neuronal antibodies have been reported in recent years. However, the clinical significance of the concurrent presence of multiple anti-neuronal antibodies in patients with AE remains unclear. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled AE patients with multiple anti-neuronal antibodies treated at our center between August 2019 and February 2022. We also reviewed cases reported in multiple literature databases...
January 2, 2024: BMC Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38133440/powassan-virus-infections-a-systematic-review-of-published-cases
#11
REVIEW
Loukas Kakoullis, Victor Renault Vaz, Divmehar Kaur, Sonia Kakoulli, George Panos, Lin H Chen, Irmgard Behlau
BACKGROUND: Powassan virus is an emerging neurotropic arbovirus transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis. This systematic review was conducted to aggregate data on its clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, and complications. METHODS: PubMed was searched until August 2023 using the term "Powassan", to identify all published cases of Powassan virus infections, as per PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Among the 380 abstracts identified, 45 studies describing 84 cases (70 adult, 14 pediatric) were included...
November 26, 2023: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38117319/status-epilepticus-in-the-icu
#12
REVIEW
Andrea O Rossetti, Jan Claassen, Nicolas Gaspard
Status epilepticus (SE) is a common medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Management that follows published guidelines is best suited to improve outcomes, with the most severe cases frequently being managed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Diagnosis of convulsive SE can be made without electroencephalography (EEG), but EEG is required to reliably diagnose nonconvulsive SE. Rapidly narrowing down underlying causes for SE is crucial, as this may guide additional management steps...
December 20, 2023: Intensive Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38079216/rna-landscapes-of-brain-and-brain-derived-extracellular-vesicles-in-simian-immunodeficiency-virus-siv-infection-and-central-nervous-system-pathology
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiyao Huang, Ahmed Abdelgawad, Andrey Turchinovich, Suzanne Queen, Celina Monteiro Abreu, Xianming Zhu, Mona Batish, Lei Zheng, Kenneth W Witwer
INTRODUCTION: Brain tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (bdEVs) act locally in the central nervous system (CNS) and may indicate molecular mechanisms in HIV CNS pathology. Using brain homogenate (BH) and bdEVs from a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV disease, we identified RNA networks in SIV infection and neuroinflammation. METHODS: Postmortem occipital cortex samples were obtained from uninfected controls and SIV-infected subjects (acute and chronic phases with or without CNS pathology (SIV encephalitis)...
December 11, 2023: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38053649/systematic-review-clinical-characteristics-of-anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor-encephalitis
#14
REVIEW
Xi Zhao, Yuou Teng, Jingnian Ni, Ting Li, Jing Shi, Mingqing Wei
BACKGROUND: The number of reported cases of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis has gradually increased since its discovery in 2007, while there are no uniform treatment guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and to analyze the factors affecting the disease prognosis. METHODS: A systematic analysis of medical records was conducted, and PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2021...
2023: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38050141/electroencephalography-in-encephalopathy-and-encephalitis
#15
REVIEW
Hollie Morris, Peter W Kaplan, Nick Kane
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a useful adjunct to clinical neurological examination, particularly as it may detect subtle or subclinical disturbance of cerebral function and it allows monitoring of cerebral activity over time. Continuous EEG combined with quantitative analysis and machine learning may help identify changes in real time, before the emergence of clinical signs and response to interventions. EEG is rarely pathognomonic in encephalopathy/encephalitis but when interpreted correctly and within the clinical context, certain phenotypes may indicate a specific pathophysiology (eg, lateralised periodic discharges in HSV-1, generalised periodic discharges in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and extreme delta brushes in anti-n-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis)...
January 23, 2024: Practical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37908793/emergency-department-approach-to-monkeypox
#16
REVIEW
Catherine V Levitt, Quincy K Tran, Hashem Hraky, Maryann Mazer-Amirshahi, Ali Pourmand
BACKGROUND: Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral infection that is primarily endemic to countries in Africa, but large outbreaks outside of Africa have been historically rare. In June 2022, mpox began to spread across Europe and North America, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare mpox a public health emergency of international concern. This article aims to review clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention and treatment strategies on mpox, providing the basic knowledge for prevention and control for emergency providers...
2023: World Journal of Emergency Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37897023/neuro-covax-an-italian-population-based-study-of-neurological-complications-after-covid-19-vaccinations
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Salsone, Carlo Signorelli, Alessandro Oldani, Valerio Fabio Alberti, Vincenza Castronovo, Salvatore Mazzitelli, Massimo Minerva, Luigi Ferini-Strambi
OBJECTIVE: In this Italian population-based study, we aimed to evaluate the neurological complications after the first and/or second dose of COVID-19 vaccines and factors potentially associated with these adverse effects. METHODS: Our study included adults aged 18 years and older who received two vaccine doses in the vaccination hub of Novegro (Milan, Lombardy) between 7 and 16 July 2021. The NEURO-COVAX questionnaire was able to capture the neurological events, onset and duration...
October 21, 2023: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37879941/immunotherapy-in-autoimmune-encephalitis-so-many-options-so-few-guidelines
#18
EDITORIAL
Isha N Srivastava, Keith P Van Haren
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
November 27, 2023: Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37854727/the-100-most-cited-kluver-bucy-research-articles-a-bibliometric-analysis
#19
REVIEW
Cynthia Janku, Priya V Engel, Kisan Patel, Elias Giraldo
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome (KBS) is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by hyperorality, hypersexuality, bulimia, visual agnosia, and amnesia due to lesions affecting bilateral temporal lobes. It is attributed to a multitude of causes, including stroke, herpes simplex encephalitis, Alzheimer's disease, and head trauma. Current treatments for KBS include symptomatic management with antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, carbamazepine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The bibliometric analysis was done to reflect the relevance and understanding of KBS in recent literature...
September 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37807782/precision-medicine-approach-to-alzheimer-s-disease-rationale-and-implications
#20
REVIEW
Dale E Bredesen, Kat Toups, Ann Hathaway, Deborah Gordon, Henrianna Chung, Cyrus Raji, Alan Boyd, Benjamin D Hill, Sharon Hausman-Cohen, Mouna Attarha, Won Jong Chwa, Alexei Kurakin, Michael Jarrett
The neurodegenerative disease field has enjoyed extremely limited success in the development of effective therapeutics. One potential reason is the lack of disease models that yield accurate predictions and optimal therapeutic targets. Standard clinical trials have pre-determined a single treatment modality, which may be unrelated to the primary drivers of neurodegeneration. Recent proof-of-concept clinical trials using a precision medicine approach suggest a new model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a chronic innate encephalitis that creates a network insufficiency...
2023: Journal of Alzheimer's Disease: JAD
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