keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32478926/increased-25-oh-d3-level-in-redheaded-people-could-redheadedness-be-an-adaptation-to-temperate-climate
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jaroslav Flegr, Kateřina Sýkorová, Vojtěch Fiala, Jana Hlaváčová, Marie Bičíková, Ludmila Máčová, Šárka Kaňková
About 1-2% of European population are redheaded, meaning they synthesize more pheomelanin than eumelanin, the main melanin pigment in humans. Several mutations could be responsible for this phenotype. It has been suggested that corresponding mutations spread in Europe due to a founder effect shaped either by a relaxation of selection for dark, UV-protective phenotypes or by sexual selection in favour of rare phenotypes. In our study, we investigated the levels of vitamin D precursor 25(OH)D3 (calcidiol) and folic acid in the blood serum of 73 redheaded and 130 non-redheaded individuals...
June 1, 2020: Experimental Dermatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32445997/occurrences-of-pharmaceuticals-and-personal-care-products-in-the-drinking-water-of-taiwan-and-their-removal-in-conventional-water-treatment-processes
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chih-Wei Pai, Dexter Leong, Chia-Yang Chen, Gen-Shuh Wang
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been of concerns for their potential threats to ecosystems and human's health for decades. PPCPs have been detected in water environments worldwide and have been identified in water sources and finished water. To elucidate the potential exposure of PPCPs in drinking water, this study assessed the occurrences and treatment efficiencies of PPCPs in the drinking water of Taiwan. Raw and finished water samples collected from five main drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in February, June, and November 2018 were analyzed...
May 7, 2020: Chemosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32346751/melanoma-epidemiology-and-sun-exposure
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Raimondi, Mariano Suppa, Sara Gandini
The worldwide incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly over the last 50 years. Melanoma is the most common cancer found in the young adult population, and its incidence is very high among geriatric populations. The incidence of melanoma varies by sex, and this factor is also associated with differences in the anatomical site melanoma. Adolescent and young adult women have a higher incidence than men. This may be, in part, due to the greater use of sunbeds, as well as intentional sun exposure among girls and, in general, risky behaviours in seeking to suntan, due to socially-determined aesthetic needs...
June 3, 2020: Acta Dermato-venereologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31574449/the-association-of-urinary-organophosphate-ester-metabolites-and-self-reported-personal-care-and-household-product-use-among-pregnant-women-in-puerto-rico
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary E Ingle, Deborah Watkins, Zaira Rosario, Carmen M Vélez Vega, Gredia Huerta-Montanez, Antonia M Calafat, Maria Ospina, José F Cordero, Akram Alshawabkeh, John D Meeker
BACKGROUND: Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely detected among U.S. pregnant women. OPEs, some of which are present in nail polish, have been associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes. More research is needed to investigate associations with OPEs and personal care products (PCP) use. METHODS: Pregnant women (18-40 years) were recruited from two hospitals and five prenatal clinics in Northern Puerto Rico (n = 148 women) between 2011 and 2015. Concentrations of bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEtP), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), di-n-butyl phosphate (DNBP), di-benzyl phosphate (DBzP), di-cresyl phosphate (DCP), DPHP, and 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) were measured twice during pregnancy...
September 23, 2019: Environmental Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31452972/optical-characteristics-of-human-skin-with-hyperpigmentation-caused-by-fluorinated-pyrimidine-anticancer-agent
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takahiro Kono, Nobuaki Imanishi, Keiko Nozawa, Atsuo Takashima, Rajagopalan Uma Maheswari, Hiroki Gonome, Jun Yamada
The fluorinated pyrimidine anticancer agent has several side effects that degrade the quality of life of patients, including hyperpigmentation. Hyperpigmentation differs in color from common pigmentation such as a suntan, giving rise to dramatic skin appearance changes. In this study, we measured the optical properties of the skin of patients with hyperpigmentation by using the reflection spatial profile method (RSPM). The absorption coefficient in hyperpigmentation increased ~1.5-2.5 times and pheomelanin significantly increased compared to the normal skin...
August 1, 2019: Biomedical Optics Express
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31338284/associations-between-linguistic-acculturation-and-skin-cancer-knowledge-and-beliefs-among-u-s-hispanic-adults
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adrienne S Viola, Jerod L Stapleton, Elliot J Coups
The incidence of melanoma among U.S. Hispanics is rising and Hispanics have poorer melanoma survival compared to non-Hispanic whites. Acculturation has been linked with skin cancer-related behaviors among Hispanic individuals, such that Hispanic individuals who are more acculturated to U.S. norms and attitudes have been found to use sunscreen more frequently, to seek shade and use sun protective clothing less often, to sunbathe and indoor tan more frequently, and to have more sunburns than less acculturated individuals...
September 2019: Preventive Medicine Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31104289/knowledge-attitudes-and-behaviours-in-relation-to-skin-cancer-prevention
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Niamh Byrne, Trevor Markham
BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant melanoma is increasing faster than any other cancer, and it is now the second most common cancer in young adults. Most skin cancer prevention campaigns are based on the hypothesis that improved skin cancer knowledge leads to a change in sun-related behaviour. AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship of good skin cancer knowledge in a high knowledge group-medical students-with sun-related behaviours and tanning attitudes in Ireland...
May 18, 2019: Irish Journal of Medical Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30997383/knowledge-attitude-and-practices-toward-sun-exposure-and-use-of-sun-protection-among-non-medical-female-university-students-in-saudi-arabia-a-cross-sectional-study
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Reema Ruddah Almuqati, Ali Saeed Alamri, Nawal Ruddah Almuqati
Excessive unprotected sun exposure is a significant risk factor for skin damage and skin cancers. In recent decades, the incidence of skin cancer has increased dramatically worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and the ninth most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia. Sun protection is a key primary preventive strategy against skin cancer and skin damage induced by sun exposure. Herein, a cross-sectional study was made to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practices toward sun exposure, and the use of sun protection among non-medical female students on the Sulaymaniyah campus of the King Abdul-Aziz University...
June 2019: International Journal of Women's Dermatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30950093/is-a-platelet-suntan-the-answer
#29
EDITORIAL
Stephen J Wagner, Todd M Getz
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 2019: Transfusion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30803657/tidal-eddies-at-a-narrow-channel-inlet-in-operational-oil-spill-models
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dongyu Feng, Ben R Hodges, Scott A Socolofsky, Kristen M Thyng
In operational oil spill modeling, hydrodynamic models often employ a coarse-resolution grid for computational efficiency. However, this practical grid resolution poorly resolves small-scale flow features, such as starting jet vortices (tidal eddies) that are common at the inlet of bar-built estuaries with narrow inlet channels, particularly where channel dredging and jetties have been employed to aid ship traffic. These eddies influence Lagrangian transport paths and hence the fate of an oil spill potentially entering or leaving an estuary...
March 2019: Marine Pollution Bulletin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30487115/a-mobile-technology-intervention-with-ultraviolet-radiation-dosimeters-and-smartphone-apps-for-skin-cancer-prevention-in-young-adults-randomized-controlled-trial
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elke Hacker, Caitlin Horsham, Dimitrios Vagenas, Lee Jones, John Lowe, Monika Janda
BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is the most prevalent and most preventable cancer in Australia. Despite Australia's long-running public health campaigns, young Australian adults continue to report high levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and frequent sunburns. Young people are now increasingly turning away from traditional media, such as newspapers and TV, favoring Web-based streaming, which is challenging the health care sector to develop new ways to reach this group with targeted, personalized health promotion messages...
November 28, 2018: JMIR MHealth and UHealth
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30209981/darkening-with-uvrag
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shun Li, Gyu-Beom Jang, Christine Quach, Chengyu Liang
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin pigmentation, afforded by the dark organelles termed melanosomes, accounts for the first-line protection against environmental UVR that increases the risk of developing skin cancers including melanoma. We have recently discovered that UVRAG, originally identified as a BECN1-binding macroautophagy/autophagy protein, appears to have a specialized function in melanosome biogenesis beyond autophagy through its interaction with the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1)...
September 13, 2018: Autophagy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30061422/central-role-of-autophagic-uvrag-in-melanogenesis-and-the-suntan-response
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yongfei Yang, Gyu-Beom Jang, Xuanjun Yang, Qiaoxiu Wang, Shanshan He, Shun Li, Christine Quach, Shihui Zhao, Fan Li, Zengqiang Yuan, Hye-Ra Lee, Hanbing Zhong, Chengyu Liang
UV-induced cell pigmentation represents an important mechanism against skin cancers. Sun-exposed skin secretes α-MSH, which induces the lineage-specific transcriptional factor MITF and activates melanogenesis in melanocytes. Here, we show that the autophagic tumor suppressor UVRAG plays an integral role in melanogenesis by interaction with the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC-1). This interaction is required for BLOC-1 stability and for BLOC-1-mediated cargo sorting and delivery to melanosomes...
August 14, 2018: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28886595/personal-care-product-use-in-men-and-urinary-concentrations-of-select-phthalate-metabolites-and-parabens-results-from-the-environment-and-reproductive-health-earth-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feiby L Nassan, Brent A Coull, Audrey J Gaskins, Michelle A Williams, Niels E Skakkebaek, Jennifer B Ford, Xiaoyun Ye, Antonia M Calafat, Joseph M Braun, Russ Hauser
BACKGROUND: Personal care products (PCPs) are exposure sources to phthalates and parabens; however, their contribution to men's exposure is understudied. OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between PCP use and urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and parabens in men. METHODS: In a prospective cohort, at multiple study visits, men self-reported their use of 14 PCPs and provided a urine sample (2004-2015, Boston, MA). We measured urinary concentrations of 9 phthalate metabolites and methylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben...
August 18, 2017: Environmental Health Perspectives
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27895382/non-invasive-measurement-of-melanin-derived-radicals-in-living-mouse-tail-using-x-band-epr
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yukihiro Ogawa, Megumi Ueno, Emiko Sekine-Suzuki, Ikuo Nakanishi, Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto, Shingo Fujisaki
The aim of this experiment is to measure in vivo generation of melanin-derived radicals non-invasively, as a quantifiable index of radio-biological effect. Melanin-derived radicals in a living intact mouse tail tip were non-invasively measured in very simple way using an X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer. Colored mouse strains, C57BL/6NCr, BDF1, and C3H/He, have clear EPR signal corresponding to melanin-derived radicals in the tail tip; however, albino mouse strains, BALB/cCr, ddY, ICR, have no EPR signals...
November 2016: Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27749495/sun-related-knowledge-and-attitudes-of-primary-and-secondary-schoolchildren-in-western-switzerland
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anne Vuadens, Simone Ackermann, Fabio Levi, Jean-Luc Bulliard
Switzerland, particularly its western region, has the highest incidence of melanoma in Europe. Although the risk of melanoma increases with sun overexposure during childhood, sun-related knowledge and attitudes of Swiss children are scarcely documented. We report the first investigation of the knowledge of the danger of ultraviolet radiation, attitudes towards a suntan and parental influence of schoolchildren in western Switzerland. All fifth, eighth and eleventh graders (average ages of 9, 12 and 15, respectively) in the 18 primary (fifth grade, n=431) and secondary (eighth and eleventh grades, n=837) public schools of La Chaux-de-Fonds were surveyed during regular school classes...
September 2017: European Journal of Cancer Prevention
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27463620/attitudes-beliefs-and-measures-taken-by-parents-to-protect-their-children-from-the-sun-in-guangzhou-city-china
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miaojian Wan, Rong Hu, Ying Li, Yaning Wang, Xiaoyuan Xie, Pan Yue, Lei Guan, Wei Lai
Excessive sun exposure can cause sunburn, suntan, skin photoaging, and even skin cancer. Skin photoaging conflicts with the human pursuit of a young and beautiful appearance. Some research data indicate that the incidence of skin cancer in the Chinese has been increasing, although it remains lower than in whites. To estimate the prevalence of sun protection used on Chinese children aged 3-13 years and identify its predictors, a population-based cross-sectional questionnaire was given to 3684 parents/guardians of children in Guangzhou, China, of which 3083 questionnaires were returned...
September 2016: Photochemistry and Photobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27431749/a-numerical-study-on-flow-and-pollutant-transport-in-singapore-coastal-waters
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ming Xu, Vivien P Chua
Intensive economic and shipping activities in Singapore Strait have caused Singapore coastal waters to be under high risk of water pollution. A nested three-dimensional unstructured-grid SUNTANS model is applied to Singapore coastal waters to simulate flow and pollutant transport. The small domain (~50m resolution) Singapore coastal model is nested within a large domain (~200m resolution) regional model. The nested model is able to predict water surface elevations and velocities with high R(2) values of 0.96 and 0...
October 15, 2016: Marine Pollution Bulletin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27333916/melanoma-risk-adolescent-females-perspectives-on-skin-protection-pre-post-viewing-a-ultraviolet-photoaged-photograph-of-their-own-facial-sun-damage
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suzette Eastabrook, Paul Chang, Myra F Taylor
Suntanning increases skin cancer risk and prematurely ages skin. Photoageing photography is an effective means of increasing adult ultraviolet radiation (UVR) awareness and skin-protection practices. While adults' largely positive suntanning-deterrence responses to photoageing photography are well-documented, comparatively little is known about the deterrence effectiveness of photoageing photography with adolescents. To help fill this knowledge gap, in-depth interviews were collected from 10 adolescent females and were subsequently subjected to interpretive phenomenological analysis...
March 2018: Global Health Promotion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27005558/onset-of-the-electronic-absorption-spectra-of-isolated-and-%C3%AF-stacked-oligomers-of-5-6-dihydroxyindole-an-ab-initio-study-of-the-building-blocks-of-eumelanin
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deniz Tuna, Anikó Udvarhelyi, Andrzej L Sobolewski, Wolfgang Domcke, Tatiana Domratcheva
Eumelanin is a naturally occurring skin pigment which is responsible for developing a suntan. The complex structure of eumelanin consists of π-stacked oligomers of various indole derivatives, such as the monomeric building block 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). In this work, we present an ab initio wave-function study of the absorption behavior of DHI oligomers and of doubly and triply π-stacked species of these oligomers. We have simulated the onset of the electronic absorption spectra by employing the MP2 and the linear-response CC2 methods...
April 14, 2016: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
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