keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37986873/microdosing-ketamine-in-drosophila-does-not-inhibit-sert-like-ssris-but-causes-behavioral-changes-mediated-by-glutamate-and-serotonin-receptors
#21
Kelly E Dunham, Kani H Khaled, Leah Weizman, B Jill Venton
UNLABELLED: Recently, the FDA approved microdosing ketamine for treatment resistant depression. Traditional antidepressants, like serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), block serotonin reuptake, but it is not clear if ketamine blocks serotonin reuptake. Here, we tested the effects of feeding ketamine and SSRIs to Drosophila melanogaster larvae, which has a similar serotonin system to mammals, and is a good model to track depression behaviors, such as locomotion and feeding. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) was used to measure optogenetically-stimulated serotonin changes, and locomotion tracking software and blue dye feeding to monitor behavior...
November 8, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37967554/interactions-between-specialized-gain-control-mechanisms-in-olfactory-processing
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Asa Barth-Maron, Isabel D'Alessandro, Rachel I Wilson
Gain control is a process that adjusts a system's sensitivity when input levels change. Neural systems contain multiple mechanisms of gain control, but we do not understand why so many mechanisms are needed or how they interact. Here, we investigate these questions in the Drosophila antennal lobe, where we identify several types of inhibitory interneurons with specialized gain control functions. We find that some interneurons are nonspiking, with compartmentalized calcium signals, and they specialize in intra-glomerular gain control...
November 9, 2023: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37961473/deep-phenotyping-of-sleep-in-drosophila
#23
Mehmet F Keles, Ali Sapci, Casey Brody, Isabelle Palmer, Christin Le, Oznur Tastan, Sunduz Keles, Mark N Wu
Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved behavior, whose function is unknown. Here, we present a method for deep phenotyping of sleep in Drosophila , consisting of a high-resolution video imaging system, coupled with closed-loop laser perturbation to measure arousal threshold. To quantify sleep-associated microbehaviors, we trained a deep-learning network to annotate body parts in freely moving flies and developed a semi-supervised computational pipeline to classify behaviors. Quiescent flies exhibit a rich repertoire of microbehaviors, including proboscis pumping (PP) and haltere switches, which vary dynamically across the night...
November 2, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37910019/experimentally-induced-active-and-quiet-sleep-engage-non-overlapping-transcriptional-programs-in-drosophila
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Niki Anthoney, Lucy Tainton-Heap, Hang Luong, Eleni Notaras, Amber B Kewin, Qiongyi Zhao, Trent Perry, Philip Batterham, Paul J Shaw, Bruno van Swinderen
Sleep in mammals can be broadly classified into two different physiological categories: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow-wave sleep (SWS), and accordingly REM and SWS are thought to achieve a different set of functions. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is increasingly being used as a model to understand sleep functions, although it remains unclear if the fly brain also engages in different kinds of sleep as well. Here, we compare two commonly used approaches for studying sleep experimentally in Drosophila : optogenetic activation of sleep-promoting neurons and provision of a sleep-promoting drug, gaboxadol...
November 1, 2023: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37884581/sensorimotor-transformation-underlying-odor-modulated-locomotion-in-walking-drosophila
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liangyu Tao, Samuel P Wechsler, Vikas Bhandawat
Most real-world behaviors - such as odor-guided locomotion - are performed with incomplete information. Activity in olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes provides information about odor identity but not the location of its source. In this study, we investigate the sensorimotor transformation that relates ORN activation to locomotion changes in Drosophila by optogenetically activating different combinations of ORN classes and measuring the resulting changes in locomotion. Three features describe this sensorimotor transformation: First, locomotion depends on both the instantaneous firing frequency (f) and its change (df); the two together serve as a short-term memory that allows the fly to adapt its motor program to sensory context automatically...
October 26, 2023: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37880370/dopaminergic-systems-create-reward-seeking-despite-adverse-consequences
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristijan D Jovanoski, Lucille Duquenoy, Jessica Mitchell, Ishaan Kapoor, Christoph D Treiber, Vincent Croset, Georgia Dempsey, Sai Parepalli, Paola Cognigni, Nils Otto, Johannes Felsenberg, Scott Waddell
Resource-seeking behaviours are ordinarily constrained by physiological needs and threats of danger, and the loss of these controls is associated with pathological reward seeking1 . Although dysfunction of the dopaminergic valuation system of the brain is known to contribute towards unconstrained reward seeking2,3 , the underlying reasons for this behaviour are unclear. Here we describe dopaminergic neural mechanisms that produce reward seeking despite adverse consequences in Drosophila melanogaster. Odours paired with optogenetic activation of a defined subset of reward-encoding dopaminergic neurons become cues that starved flies seek while neglecting food and enduring electric shock punishment...
October 25, 2023: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37873373/sleepiness-not-total-sleep-amount-increases-seizure-risk
#27
Vishnu Anand Cuddapah, Cynthia T Hsu, Yongjun Li, Hrishit M Shah, Christopher Saul, Samantha Killiany, Joy Shon, Zhifeng Yue, Gabrielle Gionet, Mary E Putt, Amita Sehgal
Sleep loss has been associated with increased seizure risk since antiquity. Despite this observation standing the test of time, how poor sleep drives susceptibility to seizures remains unclear. To identify underlying mechanisms, we restricted sleep in Drosophila epilepsy models and developed a method to identify spontaneous seizures using quantitative video tracking. Here we find that sleep loss exacerbates seizures but only when flies experience increased sleep need, or sleepiness , and not necessarily with reduced sleep quantity...
October 2, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37873262/light-induced-trapping-of-endogenous-proteins-reveals-spatiotemporal-roles-of-microtubule-and-kinesin-1-in-dendrite-patterning-of-drosophila-sensory-neurons
#28
Yineng Xu, Bei Wang, Inle Bush, Harriet Aj Saunders, Jill Wildonger, Chun Han
Animal development involves numerous molecular events, whose spatiotemporal properties largely determine the biological outcomes. Conventional methods for studying gene function lack the necessary spatiotemporal resolution for precise dissection of developmental mechanisms. Optogenetic approaches are powerful alternatives, but most existing tools rely on exogenous designer proteins that produce narrow outputs and cannot be applied to diverse or endogenous proteins. To address this limitation, we developed OptoTrap, a light-inducible protein trapping system that allows manipulation of endogenous proteins tagged with GFP or split GFP...
October 2, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37848287/dopamine-dependent-plasticity-is-heterogeneously-expressed-by-presynaptic-calcium-activity-across-individual-boutons-of-the-drosophila-mushroom-body
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew M Davidson, Shivam Kaushik, Toshihide Hige
The Drosophila mushroom body (MB) is an important model system for studying the synaptic mechanisms of associative learning. In this system, coincidence of odor-evoked calcium influx and dopaminergic input in the presynaptic terminals of Kenyon cells (KCs), the principal neurons of the MB, triggers long-term depression (LTD), which plays a critical role in olfactory learning. However, it is controversial whether such synaptic plasticity is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in odor-evoked calcium activity in the KC presynaptic terminals...
October 12, 2023: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37821426/a-clock-dependent-brake-for-rhythmic-arousal-in-the-dorsomedial-hypothalamus
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiang Liu, Benjamin J Bell, Dong Won Kim, Sang Soo Lee, Mehmet F Keles, Qili Liu, Ian D Blum, Annette A Wang, Elijah J Blank, Jiali Xiong, Joseph L Bedont, Anna J Chang, Habon Issa, Jeremiah Y Cohen, Seth Blackshaw, Mark N Wu
Circadian clocks generate rhythms of arousal, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In Drosophila, the clock output molecule WIDE AWAKE (WAKE) labels rhythmic neural networks and cyclically regulates sleep and arousal. Here, we show, in a male mouse model, that mWAKE/ANKFN1 labels a subpopulation of dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) neurons involved in rhythmic arousal and acts in the DMH to reduce arousal at night. In vivo Ca2+ imaging reveals elevated DMHmWAKE activity during wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, while patch-clamp recordings show that DMHmWAKE neurons fire more frequently at night...
October 11, 2023: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37808781/hi-fish-whole-brain-in-situ-mapping-of-neuronal-activation-in-drosophila-during-social-behaviors-and-optogenetic-stimulation
#31
Kiichi Watanabe, Hui Chiu, David J Anderson
Monitoring neuronal activity at single-cell resolution in freely moving Drosophila engaged in social behaviors is challenging because of their small size and lack of transparency. Extant methods, such as Flyception, are highly invasive. Whole-brain calcium imaging in head-fixed, walking flies is feasible but the animals cannot perform the consummatory phases of social behaviors like aggression or mating under these conditions. This has left open the fundamental question of whether neurons identified as functionally important for such behaviors using loss-or gain-of-function screens are actually active during the natural performance of such behaviors, and if so during which phase(s)...
September 29, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37795340/optopi-an-open-source-flexible-platform-for-the-analysis-of-small-animal-behaviour
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xavier Cano-Ferrer, Ruairí J V Roberts, Alice S French, Joost de Folter, Hui Gong, Luke Nightingale, Amy Strange, Albane Imbert, Lucia L Prieto-Godino
Behaviour is the ultimate output of neural circuit computations, and therefore its analysis is a cornerstone of neuroscience research. However, every animal and experimental paradigm requires different illumination conditions to capture and, in some cases, manipulate specific behavioural features. This means that researchers often develop, from scratch, their own solutions and experimental set-ups. Here, we present OptoPi, an open source, affordable (∼ £600), behavioural arena with accompanying multi-animal tracking software...
September 2023: HardwareX
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37788165/protocol-to-investigate-the-neural-basis-for-copulation-posture-of-drosophila-using-a-closed-loop-real-time-optogenetic-system
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hayato M Yamanouchi, Azusa Kamikouchi, Ryoya Tanaka
In internal fertilization animals, maintaining a copulation posture facilitates the process of transporting gametes from male to female. Here, we present a protocol to investigate the neural basis for copulation posture of fruit flies using a closed-loop real-time optogenetic system. We describe steps for using deep learning analysis to enable optogenetic manipulation of neural activity only during copulation with high efficiency. This system can be applied to various animal behaviors other than copulation...
October 2, 2023: STAR protocols
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37783895/multilevel-visual-motion-opponency-in-drosophila
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Georg Ammer, Etienne Serbe-Kamp, Alex S Mauss, Florian G Richter, Sandra Fendl, Alexander Borst
Inhibitory interactions between opponent neuronal pathways constitute a common circuit motif across brain areas and species. However, in most cases, synaptic wiring and biophysical, cellular and network mechanisms generating opponency are unknown. Here, we combine optogenetics, voltage and calcium imaging, connectomics, electrophysiology and modeling to reveal multilevel opponent inhibition in the fly visual system. We uncover a circuit architecture in which a single cell type implements direction-selective, motion-opponent inhibition at all three network levels...
October 2, 2023: Nature Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37757823/dopaminergic-neurons-dynamically-update-sensory-values-during-olfactory-maneuver
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ayaka Kato, Kazumi Ohta, Kazuo Okanoya, Hokto Kazama
Dopaminergic neurons (DANs) drive associative learning to update the value of sensory cues, but their contribution to the assessment of sensory values outside the context of association remains largely unexplored. Here, we show in Drosophila that DANs in the mushroom body encode the innate value of odors and constantly update the current value by inducing plasticity during olfactory maneuver. Our connectome-based network model linking all the way from the olfactory neurons to DANs reproduces the characteristics of DAN responses, proposing a concrete circuit mechanism for computation...
September 22, 2023: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37750673/optogenetic-induction-of-appetitive-and-aversive-taste-memories-in-drosophila
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meghan Jelen, Pierre-Yves Musso, Pierre Junca, Michael D Gordon
Tastes typically evoke innate behavioral responses that can be broadly categorized as acceptance or rejection. However, research in Drosophila melanogaster indicates that taste responses also exhibit plasticity through experience-dependent changes in mushroom body circuits. In this study, we develop a novel taste learning paradigm using closed-loop optogenetics. We find that appetitive and aversive taste memories can be formed by pairing gustatory stimuli with optogenetic activation of sensory neurons or dopaminergic neurons encoding reward or punishment...
September 26, 2023: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37734947/rewarding-capacity-of-optogenetically-activating-a-giant-gabaergic-central-brain-interneuron-in-larval-drosophila
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nino Mancini, Juliane Thoener, Esmeralda Tafani, Dennis Pauls, Oded Mayseless, Martin Strauch, Katharina Eichler, Andrew Champion, Oliver Kobler, Denise Weber, Edanur Sen, Aliće Weiglein, Volker Hartenstein, Harrys Chytoudis, Tihana Jovanic, Andreas S Thum, Astrid Rohwedder, Michael Schleyer, Bertram Gerber
Larvae of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are a powerful study case for understanding the neural circuits underlying behavior. Indeed, the numerical simplicity of the larval brain has permitted the reconstruction of its synaptic connectome, and genetic tools for manipulating single, identified neurons allow neural circuit function to be investigated with relative ease and precision. We focus on one of the most complex neurons in the brain of the larva (of either sex), the GABAergic anterior paired lateral neuron (APL)...
September 20, 2023: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37733736/reward-expectations-direct-learning-and-drive-operant-matching-in-drosophila
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adithya E Rajagopalan, Ran Darshan, Karen L Hibbard, James E Fitzgerald, Glenn C Turner
Foraging animals must use decision-making strategies that dynamically adapt to the changing availability of rewards in the environment. A wide diversity of animals do this by distributing their choices in proportion to the rewards received from each option, Herrnstein's operant matching law. Theoretical work suggests an elegant mechanistic explanation for this ubiquitous behavior, as operant matching follows automatically from simple synaptic plasticity rules acting within behaviorally relevant neural circuits...
September 26, 2023: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37732262/descending-control-and-regulation-of-spontaneous-flight-turns-in-drosophila
#39
Ivo G Ros, Jaison J Omoto, Michael H Dickinson
The clumped distribution of resources in the world has influenced the pattern of foraging behavior since the origins of life, selecting for a common locomotor search motif in which straight movements through resource-poor regions alternate with zig-zag exploration in resource-rich domains (Berg, 2000) . For example, flies execute rapid changes in flight heading called body saccades during local search (Censi et al., 2013; Collett and Land, 1975; Schilstra and van Hateren, 1999; Wagner and Land, 1986) , but suppress these turns during long-distance dispersal (Giraldo et al...
September 6, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37673068/visual-feedback-neurons-fine-tune-drosophila-male-courtship-via-gaba-mediated-inhibition
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuta Mabuchi, Xinyue Cui, Lily Xie, Haein Kim, Tianxing Jiang, Nilay Yapici
Many species of animals use vision to regulate their social behaviors. However, the molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying visually guided social interactions remain largely unknown. Here, we show that the Drosophila ortholog of the human GABAA -receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) is required in a class of visual feedback neurons, lamina tangential (Lat) cells, to fine-tune male courtship. GABARAP is a ubiquitin-like protein that maintains cell-surface levels of GABAA receptors. We demonstrate that knocking down GABARAP or GABAA receptors in Lat neurons or hyperactivating them induces male courtship toward other males...
August 29, 2023: Current Biology: CB
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