Gastric aspiration

BACKGROUND: Although diabetic gastroenteropathy (DGE) is associated with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), most studies have evaluated SIBO with a hydrogen breath test, which may be affected by altered transit in DGE. The risk factors for the consequences of SIBO in DGE are poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of, risk factors for, and gastrointestinal symptoms associated with SIBO in patients with DGE. METHODS: In 75 patients with DGE and dyspepsia, we tested for SIBO (≥105 colony forming units /mL of aerobic and/or anaerobic bacteria in a duodenal aspirate) and assessed gastric emptying (GE) of solids, symptoms during a GE study and during an enteral lipid challenge (300 kcal/2 h), and daily symptoms with a Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index diary for 2 weeks...

An 83-year-old male underwent three transgastric punctures with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for the examination of a pancreatic body tumor. After a diagnosis of resectable pancreatic cancer and undergoing distal pancreatectomy, the patient was administered postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with oral S-1 for 6 months, and carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were bimonthly evaluated. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels continually increased to 4638.1 U/mL at 45 months post-fine-needle aspiration...

BACKGROUND: Even in cancer of unknown primary (CUP), which is rare clinical condition, solitary anterosuperior lymph node (LN) along the common hepatic artery (No.8a LN) enlargement diagnosed as metastatic adenocarcinoma has never been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Japanese male, with a history of early gastric cancer that had been completely treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection 26 years ago, was detected a single enlarged nodule along the common hepatic artery, No...

Gastroparesis is a syndrome characterised by delayed gastric emptying that is usually idiopathic, diabetic, or iatrogenic. This underdiagnosed disease has a substantial influence on the quality of life of its patients. We present the case of an 86-year-old man with dementia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and gastroesophageal reflux disease who developed symptoms of gastroparesis during a lengthy hospital stay. Computed tomography (CT) and upper digestive endoscopy demonstrated gastric distention and pyloric stenosis...

UNLABELLED: İntroduction: Today, preoperative fasting guidelines have changed, allowing clear liquid intake up to 1 hour before surgery. However, concerns remain regarding the risk of aspiration associated with clear liquid intake. This study aimed to investigate the impact of clear fluid given 1 hour before surgery on child anxiety and gastric volumes. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled study included 90 patients aged 5-12 years. Group F (n = 30): Standard fasting group...

A 19-year-old male was found dead in his apartment. At autopsy he was morbidly obese (Body mass index; BMI - 40.5) with multiple areas of velvety pigmented thickening of the skin in folds around the neck, in the axillae, in the inframammary regions, over the anterior waistline and groin regions and over the dorsal aspects of the feet. These had the typical appearance of acanthosis nigricans. Internal examination revealed aspiration of gastric contents into the airways. Vitreous humour biochemistry showed markedly elevated levels of both glucose (62...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary aspiration syndrome remains a significant complication of general anesthesia, particularly in unfasted patients. Gastric point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) allows for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of gastric content, providing a safe and reliable method to assess gastric emptying and reduce the risk of aspiration during general anesthesia. METHODS: The survey was distributed to Belgian certified anesthesiologists and trainees between April 2020 and June 2021...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is often accompanied by numerous medical complications and mental disorders. There are few specialized AN facilities in Japan, resulting in the unmet medical needs of patients with AN. A 37-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a disturbance of consciousness. Her body mass index was 10.2 kg/m2 . She developed the following serious medical concomitants associated with extremely severe AN: hypothermia, shock liver, refractory hypoglycemia, acute gastric mucosal bleeding, gelatinous marrow transformation, catheter-related bloodstream infection and infective endocarditis due to β-lactamase-negative Staphylococcus aureus , aspiration pneumonia, intracranial hemorrhage, candidemia, and osmotic demyelination syndrome in the pons, which led to a fatal condition that quickly worsened after we started treatment...

PURPOSE: Preoperative oral carbohydrate (CHO) is a rapid postoperative rehabilitation protocol that improves perioperative outcomes and is widely used in adult surgical patients. However, pregnant women are excluded because of the possibility of aspiration due to delayed gastric emptying. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative oral CHO in elective cesarean section. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to July 2023...

BACKGROUND: The neuroendoscopic approach has the advantages of a clear operative field, convenient tumor removal, and less damage, and is the development direction of modern neurosurgery. At present, transnasal surgery for sphenoidal pituitary tumor is widely used. But it has been found in clinical practice that some patients with this type of surgery may experience post-operative nausea and vomiting and other discomforts. AIM: To explore the effect of reserved gastric tube application in the neuroendoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary tumors...

Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) provides post-pyloric enteral access in patients unable to meet long-term nutritional needs per os in situations where gastric feeding is neither tolerated nor feasible. Specific conditions associated with feeding intolerance due to due to nausea, vomiting, or ileus include gastric outlet obstruction, gastroparesis, or complications of acute or chronic pancreatitis; infeasibility may be due to high aspiration risk or prior gastric surgery. Since performing DPEJ is not an ACGME requirement for GI fellows or early career gastroenterologists, not all trainees are taught this technique...

BACKGROUND: Aerophagia (ingestion of air), is a functional aerodigestive disorder in people. Criteria for diagnosis of aerophagia in dogs are >1/3 of bolus volume containing air or ingested air resulting in gastric distention (>1/3 of end gastric volume). Aerophagia is highlighted during eating and drinking. Videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) document aerophagia in dogs, but the incidence, clinical signs (CS), and associated disorders are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Identify the incidence of aerophagia, compare CS between dogs with and without aerophagia, and identify associated and predisposing disorders using VFSS...

BACKGROUND Small bowel hematoma is a rare yet clinically significant condition characterized by the accumulation of blood within the mucosa and submucosa layers of the small intestine wall. It can lead to complications such as bowel obstruction, ischemia, perforation, and even hemorrhagic shock. The etiology of intramural small bowel hematoma is diverse, encompassing factors such as anticoagulant therapy, coagulopathies, vascular disorders, trauma, and underlying systemic conditions. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 67-year-old man with a history of aortic valve replacement who presented with intense abdominal pain...

BACKGROUND: Cellular biomechanics plays a significant role in the regulation of cellular physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, multiple methods have been developed to evaluate cellular biomechanics, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), micropipette aspiration, and magnetic tweezers. However, most of these methods only focus on a single parameter and cannot automate the process at a high-efficiency level. A novel microfluidic method is necessary to achieve the simultaneous multi-parametric measurement of cellular biomechanics and high-precision cellular mechanical phenotyping at high throughput...

BACKGROUND: Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP), commonly observed in remnant gastric anastomosis, is associated with developing gastric cancer. CASE: This case report describes a patient with GCP in a previously unoperated stomach that mimicked a pyloric submucosal tumor and caused anorexia, which is rare in clinical practice. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 72-year-old woman presented with loss of appetite and weight. DIAGNOSES: Gastroscopy detected a 20 mm diameter submucosal tumor near the pylorus...

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most common adverse events following orthognathic surgery. It's a distressing feeling for patients and continues to be the cause of postoperative complications such as bleeding, delayed healing, and wound infection. This scoping review aims to identify effective PONV prophylaxis strategies during orthognathic surgery that have emerged in the past 15 years. METHODS: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, and Embase from 2008 to May 2023...

OBJECTIVE: To systematically analyze the accuracy of ultrasonic techniques in assessing the nature of gastric contents and their volume. METHODS: English-language articles that used ultrasonic techniques to assess the nature of gastric contents and their volume in patients were selected. In eligible studies, data were recalculated and analyzed for forest plots and subject summary curves of operating characteristics (SROC). Study quality was assessed using the diagnostic accuracy study quality assessment tool QUADAS-2...

OBJECTIVE: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) prescribed for weight loss and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can delay gastric emptying but risk factors and impact on procedure outcomes remain unclear. METHODS: We compared frequency of gastric residue on upper endoscopy in patients on a GLP-1RA and propensity-score matched controls in this retrospective case-control study of consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic procedures over a 3.5 year period...

BACKGROUND: Staging laparoscopy is a common diagnostic tool in gastric cancer, but its performance varies widely. The aim of this study was to gain Dutch nationwide consensus regarding the indications for and execution of staging laparoscopy in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: All surgeons in the Netherlands specialized in gastric cancer surgery (n = 52) were asked to participate in a Delphi consensus study. The study involved an initial questionnaire with a 3-point Likert scale, an online consensus meeting, and a second questionnaire using a 2-point Likert scale (agree/disagree)...

BACKGROUND: In hepatology, the clinical use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has experienced a notable increase in recent times. These applications range from the diagnosis to the treatment of various liver diseases. Therefore, this systematic review summarizes the evidence for the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of EUS in liver diseases. AIM: To examine and summarize the current available evidence of the possible roles of the EUS in making a suitable diagnosis in liver diseases as well as the therapeutic accuracy and efficacy...