Atorvastatin

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare high dose versus low dose statin therapy in Indian patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing thrombolysis. BACKGROUND: Randomized trials have demonstrated that statin treatment reduced major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome. However, randomized studies of statin therapy in Indian patients with STEMI are scarce. METHODS: Of 1859 patients with acute STEMI, 1027 eligible patients were randomized to 80-mg (n=512) or 10-mg (n=515) atorvastatin...

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has become a standard treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, it is associated with endothelial cell denudation, which may predispose to in-stent thrombosis and restenosis. Pharmacological methods which prevent restenosis can delay post-PCI re-endothelialisation. We have therefore examined how atorvastatin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor), sirolimus and everolimus (mTOR inhibitors) affect young and old endothelial cell functions which are responsible for wound healing after PCI...

OBJECTIVES: To examine how often retail prices for prescription drugs are available on state public reporting websites, the variability of these reported prices, and zip code characteristics associated with greater price variation. STUDY DESIGN: Searches of state government-operated websites in Michigan, Missouri, New York, and Pennsylvania for retail prices for Advair Diskus (250/50 fluticasone propionate/salmeterol), Lyrica (pregabalin 50 mg), Nasonex (mometasone 50 mcg nasal spray), Spiriva (tiotropium 18 mcg cp-handihaler), Zetia (ezetimibe 10 mg), atorvastatin 20 mg, and metoprolol 50 mg...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated advanced liver diseases have become prevalent conditions in many countries and are associated with increased mortality. Gene expression profiles in NAFLD have been examined recently but changes in expression elicited by chemical compound treatments have not been investigated. Since (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and atorvastatin (ATST) exhibit similar efficacy in NAFLD models, we reasoned that some common key genes might alter after treatment of EGCG and ATST...

PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the generic formulation (Atorva(®)) and the reference formulation (Lipitor(®)) of atorvastatin, both at a dosage of 20 mg once daily. METHODS: This study was a prospective open-label, randomized controlled study. Hypercholesterolemic patients who had not achieved low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goals according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) guideline were randomized to generic formulation or reference formulation of atorvastatin...

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the impact of intensive daily dosing of atorvastatin on in-hospital N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level, left ventricular systolic function and incidence of major adverse cardiac events in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. BACKGROUND: Several studies showed that early initiation of statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients has a favorable prognostic impact. METHODS: Hundred statin naive patients were prospectively enrolled...

PURPOSE: This nested case-control study aimed to evaluate the association of candidate genetic variants with statin-induced myotoxicity in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: One hundred forty-eight Chinese patients experiencing statin-induced myotoxicity were included in our study, and 255 patients without muscular side effects served as controls. Five SNPs in CYP3A5, SLCO1B1, and APOE were genotyped. The effect of genetic variants on statin-induced myotoxicity was assessed...

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors have long been used as disease-modifying agents in immune disorders. Recently, research has shown a role of chronic neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, and interest has been generated in the use of anti-TNF agents and TNF-modulating agents for prevention and treatment. This article extensively reviewed literature on animal studies testing these agents. The results showed a role for direct and indirect TNF-α inhibition through agents such as thalidomide, 3,6-dithiothalidomide, etanercept, infliximab, exendin-4, sodium hydrosulfide, minocycline, imipramine, and atorvastatin...

Airway remodeling in asthma contributes to airway hyperreactivity, loss of lung function and persistent symptoms. Current therapies do not adequately treat the structural airway changes associated with asthma. Statin drugs have improved respiratory health and their therapeutic potential in asthma has been tested in clinical trials. However, the mechanism of action of statins in this context has remained elusive. The present study hypothesized that atorvastatin treatment of ovalbumin-exposed mice attenuates early features of airway remodeling via a mevalonate-dependent mechanism...

PURPOSE: Limited data exist on the use of statins in Chinese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We therefore conducted this study to observe the usage trend and the effectiveness of statins on LDL-C goal attainment and other lipid parameters among PCI-treated patients. METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective, observational, longitudinal cohort study was conducted in PCI-treated patients with CAD between July 1, 2011, and February 28, 2015...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective effect of different atorvastatin doses on contrast-induced acute kidney injury and the related mechanism. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, experimental control group and different-dose atorvastatin groups. A rat model of contrast-induced acute kidney injury was established. We detected changes in serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) before and after model establishment, observed and scored renal tubular injury, analyzed rat renal cell apoptosis, and measure the expression of signal pathway proteins and downstream inflammatory factors...

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of intensive pitavastatin therapy on glucose control in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: Patients who had ACS with significant stenosis on initial coronary angiography and received successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China from August 2015 to January 2016 were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomized to receive pitavastatin (4 mg daily) or atorvastatin (20 mg daily)...

OBJECTIVE: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor atorvastatin has been reported to exert vasculo-protective action in diabetes. We investigated the vasculo-protective mechanism of atorvastatin by evaluating its effect on two major pathogenic molecules, FOXO1 and ICAM1, mediated by S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. APPROACH AND RESULTS: [1] FOXO1: Hyperglycemic condition increased FOXO1 protein level in endothelial cells, which was reversed by atorvastatin...

Statins are the first-line treatment for hypercholesterolemic patients. Herein, the effects of three statins on complex formation between proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin 9 (PCSK9) and the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), a critical step for the PCSK9-dependent degradation of LDLR in the lysosome, were examined. Human hepatocyte-like C3A cells grown in control (containing 10% fetal bovine serum) or MITO+ (supplemented with BD™ MITO + serum extender) medium were also treated with atorvastatin (Atorv), lovastatin (Lov), or pravastatin (Prav) for 24 h...

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an inherited atherogenic lipoprotein and an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, its clinical role remains limited. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that Lp(a) screening in high cardiovascular risk patients could provide insight into disease pathogenesis and modify physician behavior for treatment intensification targeting traditional risk factors when Lp(a)-related risk was identified. METHODS: We screened 113 patients presenting electively for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for Lp(a) who met any of the following criteria: (1) premature coronary artery disease (male age <55 years, female age <65 years); (2) family history of premature coronary artery disease; (3) progression to PCI despite well-controlled traditional risk factors (blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL, and HbA1c <7%, and nonsmoker); or (4) progression to PCI despite at least moderate intensity statin use (simvastatin 40, atorvastatin 40-80, or rosuvastatin 20-40 mg daily)...

Some statins, such as atorvastatin, have proven renoprotective effects. The comparative renoprotective potential of simvastatin is less clear. This study aimed to compare the renoprotective effects of simvastatin with atorvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This observational study examined the medical records of 271 patients who were treated at the Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute from April 2004 to February 2008. Patients had received either 40 mg simvastatin (n = 128) or 20 mg atorvastatin (n = 143), daily, for a period of at least 6 months following PCI...

PURPOSE: Vitamin B deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for vascular events. However, the reduction of vascular events was not shown in large randomized controlled trials evaluating B-Vitamin therapy. There is an important requirement to develop sensitive biomarkers to be used as efficacy targets for B-Vitamin therapy as well as other dietary treatments and lifestyle regimes that are being developed. Carotid vessel-wall-plus-plaque thickness change (VWT-Change) measured from 3D ultrasound has been shown to be sensitive to atorvastatin therapies in previous studies...

AIMS: To review incident cases of statin-associated immune mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM) associated with anti-HMGCR antibodies in a single New Zealand centre, over a two year period. METHODS: Four incident cases of statin-associated IMNM were seen between 2014 and 2016. Their presentation, investigation, treatment and current response to treatment are summarised. Two of the four patients were Pacific Islanders despite a small pacific island population in the southern district health board (SDHB)...

Copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), itaconamic acid (IAM; 4-amino-2-methylene-4-oxobutanoic acid) and β-cyclodextrin was investigated in this study. β-cyclodextrin was at first modified by reacting with allyl glycidyl ether to substitute its OH end groups with moieties containing double bonds to facilitate the subsequent radical copolymerization with NIPAM and IAM. It was reported that poly(NIPAM-IAM) can respond to the change of temperature as well as pH value. In this study, the structure of β-cyclodextrin was introduced to poly(NIPAM-IAM) copolymers because of its cavity structure capable of encapsulating a variety of drug molecules...

Macrophages play crucial roles in immune response and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence of macrophage autophagy has demonstrated a novel pathway through which contributes to vascular inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of autophagy in the inhibition of inflammatory response in macrophages by atorvastatin. We found that atorvastatin promoted autophagy flow determined by up-regulating the expression of autophagy-related protein microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC3B), inducing the formation of autophagosomes and down-regulating the expression of SQSTM1/P62, which is consumed during autophagy...