enterotypes

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that pose a current ecosystem and human health concern. PCB exposure impacts the gut microbiome in animal models, suggesting a mechanistic link between PCB exposure and adverse health outcomes. The presence and absence of the microbiome and exposure to PCBs independently affect the lipid composition in the liver, which in turn affects the PCB disposition in target tissues, such as the liver. Here, we investigated microbiome × subacute PCB effects on the hepatic lipid composition of conventional and germ-free female mice exposed to 0, 6, or 30mg/kg body weight of an environmental PCB mixture in sterile corn oil once daily for 3 consecutive days...

BACKGROUND: Blood stasis constitution in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is believed to render individuals more susceptible to metabolic diseases. However, the biological underpinnings of this constitutional imbalance remain unclear. METHODS: This study explored the association between blood stasis constitution, serum metabolic markers including uric acid (UA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), their ratio (UHR), serum metabolites, and gut microbiota...

While the gut microbiota is known to be influenced by habitual food intake, this relationship is seldom explored in type 2 diabetes patients. This study aims to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and gut microbial species abundance in 113 type 2 diabetes patients (mean age, 58 years; body mass index, 29.1; glycohemoglobin [HbA1c], 8.1%). We analyzed the gut microbiota using 16S amplicon sequencing, and all patients were categorized into either the Bacteroides enterotype (57.5%, n = 65) or the Prevotella enterotype (42...

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but inconsistent responses persist. Our study delves into the intriguing phenomenon of enhanced immunotherapy sensitivity in older individuals with cancers. Through a meta-analysis encompassing 25 small-to-mid-sized trials of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), we demonstrate that older individuals exhibit heightened responsiveness to ICB therapy. To understand the underlying mechanism, we reanalyze single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from multiple studies and unveil distinct upregulation of exhausted and cytotoxic T cell markers within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of older patients...

Understanding the relationship between the gut microbiome and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is challenging due to the heterogeneous nature of ASD. Here, we analyzed the microbial and clinical characteristics of individuals with ASD using enterotypes. A total of 456 individuals participated in the study, including 249 participants with ASD, 106 typically developing siblings, and 101 controls. The alpha and beta diversities of the ASD, sibling, and control groups did not show significant differences. Analysis revealed a negative association between the Bifidobacterium longum group and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, as well as a negative association between the Streptococcus salivarus group and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) within the ASD group...

The molecular basis for how host genetic variation impacts gut microbial community and bacterial metabolic niches remain largely unknown. We leveraged 90 inbred hyperlipidemic mouse strains from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP), previously studied for a variety of cardio-metabolic traits. Metagenomic analysis of cecal DNA followed by genome-wide association analysis identified genomic loci that were associated with microbial enterotypes in the gut. Among these we detected a genetic locus surrounding multiple amylase genes that was associated with abundances of Firmicutes ( Lachnospiraceae family) and Bacteroidetes ( Muribaculaceae family) taxa encoding distinct starch and sugar metabolism functions...

The association between the gut mycobiome and its potential influence on host metabolism in the Thai Cohort was assessed. Two distinct predominant enterotypes, Saccharomyces (Sa) and Aspergillus/Penicillium (Ap/Pe) showed differences in gut mycobiota diversity and composition. Notably, the Sa enterotype exhibited lower evenness and richness, likely due to the prevalence of Saccharomyces, while both enterotypes displayed unique metabolic behaviors related to nutrient metabolism and body composition. Fiber consumption was positively correlated with adverse body composition and fasting glucose levels in individuals with the Sa enterotype, whereas in the Ap/Pe enterotype it was positively correlated with fat and protein intake...

Rapid and accurate clinical staging of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is crucial to determine the appropriate therapeutic approach. This study aimed to identify effective, convenient biomarkers for staging IBD in pediatric patients. We recruited cohorts of pediatric patients with varying severities of IBD to compare the features of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites between the active and remitting disease stages. Metabolites with potential for staging were targeted for further assessment in both patients and colitis model mice...

The structure of microbiomes is often classified into discrete or semi-discrete types potentially differing in community-scale functional profiles. Elucidating the mechanisms that generate such "alternative states" of microbiome compositions has been one of the major challenges in ecology and microbiology. In a time-series analysis of experimental microbiomes, we here show that both deterministic and stochastic ecological processes drive divergence of alternative microbiome states. We introduced species-rich soil-derived microbiomes into eight types of culture media with 48 replicates, monitoring shifts in community compositions at six time points (8 media × 48 replicates × 6 time points = 2304 community samples)...

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota dysbiosis involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The characteristics of enterotypes in CRC development have not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the gut microbiota of healthy, adenoma, and CRC subjects based on enterotype. METHODS: The 16 S rRNA sequencing data from 315 newly sequenced individuals and three previously published datasets were collected, providing total data for 367 healthy, 320 adenomas, and 415 CRC subjects...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation by metabolic dysfunction. The rising prevalence of MAFLD, especially among Asians, may be associated with changes in gut microbiota. We investigated gut microbiota characteristics and potential mechanisms leading to MAFLD development according to enterotypes. Case-control studies examining the gut microbiota composition between MAFLD and non-MAFLD participants were searched in public databases until July 2023...

BACKGROUND: Age-associated changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome of young pigs have been robustly described; however, the temporal dynamics of the fecal microbiome of the female pig from early life to first parity are not well understood. Our objective was to describe microbiome and antimicrobial resistance dynamics of the fecal microbiome of breeding sows from early life through estrus, parturition and weaning of the first litter of piglets (i.e., from 3 to 53 weeks of age)...

Increasing levels of industrialization have been associated with changes in gut microbiome structure and loss of features thought to be crucial for maintaining gut ecological balance. The stability of gut microbial communities over time within individuals seems to be largely affected by these changes but has been overlooked among transitioning populations from low- to middle-income countries. Here, we used metagenomic sequencing to characterize the temporal dynamics in gut microbiomes of 24 individuals living an urban non-industrialized lifestyle in the Brazilian Amazon...

Xanthohumol (XN), a polyphenol found in the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus ), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Preclinical evidence suggests the gut microbiome is essential in mediating these bioactivities; however, relatively little is known about XN's impact on human gut microbiota in vivo . We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03735420) to determine safety and tolerability of XN in healthy adults. Thirty healthy participants were randomized to 24 mg/day XN or placebo for 8 weeks...

INTRODUCTION: During normal pregnancy, changes in the gut microbiota (GM) in response to physiological alterations in hormonal secretion, immune functions and homeostasis have received extensive attention. However, the dynamic changes in the GM during three consecutive trimesters of pregnancy and their relationship with glucose and lipid metabolism have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the diversity and species of the GM during three consecutive trimesters in women who naturally conceived, and their relationships with abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum lipid levels...

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of gut microbiome in the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) patients, and how they correlate with metabolic and inflammatory profiles. A total of 120 obese people without metabolic comorbidities were recruited, and their clinical phenotypes, metabolic and inflammatory parameters were analysed. The faecal microbial markers originating from bacterial cell and extracellular vesicle (EV) were profiled using 16S rDNA sequencing. The total study population could be classified into two distinct enterotypes (enterotype I: Prevotellaceae-predominant, enterotype II: Akkermansia/Bacteroides-predominant), based on their stool EV-derived microbiome profile...

BACKGROUND: Possible relationships between gut dysbiosis and breast cancer (BC) development and progression have been previously reported. However, the results of these metagenomics studies are inconsistent. Our study involved 88 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 86 cancer-free control women. Participants were divided into groups based on their menopausal status. Fecal samples were collected from 47 and 41 pre- and postmenopausal newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and 51 and 35 pre- and postmenopausal controls, respectively...

Bacteriophages are a major component of the gut microbiome and are believed to play a role in establishment and stabilization of microbial communities by influencing taxonomic and functional diversity. We show that the activity of lytic and temperate phages can also significantly affect bacterial community structure in a model of extended colonic retention. Intact fresh human feces were incubated anaerobically at 37°C without homogenization and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. We observed subject-specific blooms and collapses of selected bacteriophage and bacterial populations within some individuals...

Long-chain dextrans are α-glucans that can be produced by lactic acid bacteria. NextDextTM , a specific long-chain dextran with a high degree of polymerisation, produced using Weissella cibaria , was recently shown to exert prebiotic potential in vitro. In this study, the ex vivo SIFR® technology, recently validated to provide predictive insights into gut microbiome modulation down to the species level, was used to investigate the effects of this long-chain dextran on the gut microbiota of six human adults that altogether covered different enterotypes...

Gut microbiota imbalance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Here, we determined microbe-microbe interactions and gut microbiome stability in a Japanese population with varying body mass indices (BMIs) and enterotypes. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we analyzed gut microbial data from fecal samples obtained from 3,365 older Japanese individuals. The individuals were divided into lean, normal, and obese groups based on their BMIs. They were further categorized according to their gut microbiota enterotypes: Bacteroides (enterotype B), Prevotella (enterotype P), and Ruminococcus (enterotype R)...