5HMF

Humins are carbonaceous, polymeric byproducts formed during the acid-catalyzed condensed phase transformation of biomass-derived moieties and are responsible for significant carbon loss and catalyst deactivation. There exists very limited knowledge about their formation chemistry and composition. Infrared spectra of humins formed during the dehydration of glucose/fructose to 5-HMF show that the furan ring and the hydroxy methyl group of 5-HMF are present in humins, but the carbonyl group is not. Based on this, aldol addition and condensation between 5-HMF and other derived species are proposed as the main reactions that initiate humin formation...

5-hydroxyfurfural (5HMF), an allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb) with an ability to increase Hb affinity for oxygen has been studied extensively for its antisickling effect in vitro and in vivo, and in humans for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). One of the downstream pathophysiologies of SCD is nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, therefore increasing NO (bio)availability is known to mitigate the severity of SCD symptoms. We report the synthesis of an NO-releasing prodrug of 5HMF (5HMF-NO), which in vivo, is expected to be bio-transformed into 5HMF and NO, with concomitant therapeutic activities...

The present study was aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural against Acinetobacter baumanni and Vellar estuary isolates v3 (Acinetobacter nosocomialis). The biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) of 5HMF against A. baumannii and v3 (A. nosocomialis) was found to be 100 µg/ml) exhibited non-bactericidal concentration-dependent antibiofilm activities against Acinetobacter species. The present study found that 5HMF treatment is very effective in the initial stage of A. baumannii biofilms and it significantly disrupted the mature biofilms...

Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) dual water and ion channels enhance migration and invasion when upregulated in leading edges of certain classes of cancer cells. Work here identifies structurally-related furan compounds as novel inhibitors of AQP1 ion channels. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF), a component of natural medicinal honeys, and three structurally-related compounds nitrofuroic acid (5NFA), acetoxymethylfuraldehyde (5AMF), and methylnitrofuroate (M5NF), were analyzed for effects on water and ion channel activities of human AQP1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Musa acuminata, a tropical plant belongs to the family Musaceae. The fruit peels of this plant have been well documented for their therapeutic value in Asia and Africa. It has also been previously reported for numerous biological applications such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, itching, psoriasis and anti-diarrheal activities. Moreover, M. acuminata peels have been well known for its anti-healing and antiseptic properties and most commonly used for healing wounds and heat burns in South Asian and African traditional medicines...

The present investigates the antiquorum sensing and biofilm inhibitory potential of 5 - hydroxymethylfurfural against Chromobacterium violaceum, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. 5HMF inhibits the quorum sensing mediated violacein pigment production by 87% at 100 μg/ml concentration. A 100 μg/ml concentration of the compound inhibits S. mutans and S. epidermidis biofilm formation by 86% and 79% whereas for S. pyogenes and S. aureus 125 μg/ml concentration inhibits biofilm formation by 83% and 82%...

The effect of ultrafiltration process and temperature concentration on MRPs content and antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of date palm sap syrups were investigated. MRPs were analyzed by HPLC. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by reducing power and DPPH free radical and H2 O2 scavenging activities. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the agar disk diffusion method. In vitro cytotoxic activity was examined by cell proliferation assay. Date sap syrups displayed strong antioxidant activities which are correlated 5HMF and 2F contents...

C5BL/6 female mice receiving dextran sodium sulfate in their drinking water develop an acute inflammatory colitis within 7d, with weight loss, histopathologic signs of inflammation, and colonic expression of inflammatory cytokines. In previous studies we have reported that increased inflammatory cytokine expression in aged mice can be attenuated by oral gavage of a crude fetal extract containing glutathione (GSH), MPLA and fetal hemoglobin, or more specifically by injection of a combination of these purified reagents...

An improved, reliable and powerful analytical strategy based on digitally controlled microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) combined with ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was validated for the simultaneous identification and quantification of major furanic derivatives, namely 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5HMF), 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde (5MF), 2-furaldehyde (2F) and 2-furyl methyl ketone (2FMK), in fortified wines. To enhance the extraction efficiency of the target furanic derivates, several influencing extraction parameters, such as number of loading cycles, nature of elution solvent and elution volume, were evaluated and optimized...

The heterocyclic aldehyde 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF) interacts allosterically with the abnormal form of haemoglobin (Hb), HbS, in red blood cells (RBCs) from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), thereby increasing oxygen affinity and decreasing HbS polymerization and RBC sickling during hypoxia. We hypothesized that should 5HMF also inhibit the main cation pathways implicated in the dehydration of RBCs from SCD patients - the deoxygenation-induced cation pathway (Psickle), the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel (the Gardos channel) and the K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter (KCC) - it would have a synergistic effect in protection against sickling, directly through interacting with HbS, and indirectly through maintaining hydration and reducing [HbS]...

A sequential hydrothermal liquefaction (SEQHTL) process was evaluated in this work for fractionating different component of yeast biomass. Sugar and protein were separated first at a lower temperature, and the remaining biomass was then converted to bio-oil at a higher temperature. The separated aqueous products were investigated to be recycled as a carbon and nitrogen sources for the yeast culture. In the first step of SEQHTL, the temperature effect on the yield of sugar/protein and inhibitory compounds (acetic acid and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5HMF)) was investigated...

Although concentrated sulfuric acid saccharification is not a novel method for breaking down lignocellulosic biomass, the process by which saccharification affects biomass decomposition, sugar recovery, and by-product generation is not well studied. The present study employed Taguchi experimental design to study the effects of seven parameters on corn stover concentrated sulfuric acid saccharification. The concentration of sulfuric acid and the temperature of solubilization significantly affect corn stover decomposition...

Acclimatization to hypoxia requires time to complete the adaptation mechanisms that influence oxygen (O(2)) transport and O(2) utilization. Although decreasing hemoglobin (Hb) O(2) affinity would favor the release of O(2) to the tissues, increasing Hb O(2) affinity would augment arterial O(2) saturation during hypoxia. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that pharmacologically increasing the Hb O(2) affinity will augment O(2) transport during severe hypoxia (10 and 5% inspired O(2)) compared with normal Hb O(2) affinity...

Responses to exchange transfusion using red blood cells (RBCs) with modified hemoglobin (Hb) oxygen (O(2)) affinity were studied in the hamster window chamber model during acute anemia to determine its role on microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation. Allosteric effectors were introduced in the RBCs by electroporation. Inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF) were used to decrease and increase Hb-O(2) affinity. In vitro P50s (partial pressure of O(2) at 50% Hb saturation) were modified to 10, 25, 45, and 50 mm Hg (normal P50 is 32 mm Hg)...

In an attempt to find new types of anti-sickling agents that specifically bind to intracellular sickle haemoglobin (HbS) without inhibition by plasma and tissue proteins or other undesirable consequences, we identified 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF), a naturally occurring aromatic aldehyde, as an agent that fulfils this criterion. Preliminary studies in vitro showed that 5HMF forms a high-affinity Schiff-base adduct with HbS and inhibits red cell sickling by allosterically shifting oxygen equilibrium curves towards the left...

A specific qualitative chromatographic assay method is described for 5-hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde (5HMF) in degraded D-glucose solutions incorporating an internal standard. Comparison is made between the chromatographic method and the official direct ultraviolet absorption measurements at 284 nm for solutions of D-glucose degraded to different extents. Hospital samples of autoclaved Dextrose Injection, 5% w/v, are also examined by both methods and it is demonstrated that quite different results can be obtained depending upon the conditions of measurement...