Phosphotidylinositol

A novel actinobacterium, strain HUAS 3T , was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Cathaya argyrophylla collected in Hunan Province, PR China. Strain HUAS 3T contained meso -diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The dominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4 ), MK-9(H6 ), MK-10(H2 ) and MK-9(H4 ). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphotidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The main cellular fatty acids (>5...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent studies that reveal the molecular profiles of colorectal carcinomas have demonstrated tumor heterogeneity. Characterization of colorectal carcinoma-specific genomic alterations is essential for developing more successful and targeted treat- ment protocols. Moreover, it is vital in elucidating the pathogenesis and mechanisms of resistance against treatment and predicting prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 73 cases diagnosed with colorectal carcinomas and subjected to molecular analysis by the next-generation sequencing...

Emerging evidence suggests that myo-inositol (MI) has a critical role in reducing renal inflammatory processes and improving podocyte function and preventing diabetes-related renal damage. We aimed to explore the function and underlying workings of MI in renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Based on a mouse model, we explored the effect of MI in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF- β 1)-treated HK-2 cells. Pathological changes of the kidney tissues were examined following staining of the tissues with hematoxylin, eosin, and Masson's trichrome...

In mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, complex lipid mixtures undergo chromatographic separation, are ionized, and are detected using tandem MS (MS n ) to simultaneously quantify and structurally characterize eluting species. The reported structural granularity of these identified lipids is strongly reliant on the analytical techniques leveraged in a study. For example, lipid identifications from traditional collisionally activated data-dependent acquisition experiments are often reported at either species level or molecular species level...

Septin proteins contribute to many eukaryotic processes involving cellular membranes. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin hetero-oligomers interact with the plasma membrane (PM) almost exclusively at the future site of cytokinesis. While multiple mechanisms of membrane recruitment have been identified, including direct interactions with specific phospholipids and curvature-sensitive interactions via amphipathic helices, these do not fully explain why yeast septins do not localize all over the inner leaflet of the PM...

Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP-1) regulates the intracellular levels of phosphotidylinositol-3, 4, 5-trisphosphate, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) product. Emerging evidence suggests that the PI3K pathway is involved in allergic inflammation in the lung. Germline or induced whole-body deletion of SHIP-1 in mice led to spontaneous type 2-dominated pulmonary inflammation, demonstrating that SHIP-1 is essential for lung homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which SHIP-1 regulates lung inflammation and the responsible cell types are still unclear...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder featuring both motor and nonmotor symptoms associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Conventionally, PD treatment options have focused on dopamine replacement and provide only symptomatic relief. However, disease-modifying therapies are still unavailable. Mechanistically, genetic and environmental factors can produce oxidative stress which has been implicated as a core contributor to the initiation and progression of PD through the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons...

A novel actinomycete strain, designated strain QMT-12T , was isolated from the rhizospheric soils of Fagopyrum tataricum and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain QMT-12T was found to have morphological features typical of the genus Streptomyces. The predominant fatty acids included C18:1 cis9 (35.9%), Summed feature 6 (C18:2 cis9, 12/C18:0 a or C18:0 anteiso/C18:2 c) (30.6%) and C16:0 (16.3%). The whole-cell sugars were arabinose and glucose. The whole-cell-wall amino acids included alanine, aspartate, glutamic acid, glycine and LL-diaminopimelic acid...

Myotubularin (MTM) and myotubularin-related (MTMR) lipid phosphatases catalyze the removal of a phosphate group from certain phosphatidylinositol derivatives. Because some of these substrates are required for macroautophagy/autophagy, during which unwanted cytoplasmic constituents are delivered into lysosomes for degradation, MTM and MTMRs function as important regulators of the autophagic process. Despite its physiological and medical significance, the specific role of individual MTMR paralogs in autophagy control remains largely unexplored...

Strain BGMRC 2036T was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Bruguiear gymnorrhiza collected from the Beibu Gulf of China. Optimum growth occurred at 28 °C, pH 7.0, and under the conditions of 3-5% (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic comparisons of 16S rRNA gene sequences displayed that strain BGMRC 2036T was closely related to Martelella limonii NBRC109441T (96.6% sequence similarity), M. mediterranea CGMCC 1.12224T (96.5%), M. lutilitoris GH2-6T (96.5%), M. radicis BM5-7T (96.2%), and M. mangrove BM9-1T (95.9%), M...

The increased global prevalence of obesity over the last 40-years has driven a rise in prevalence of obesity-related co-morbidities, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). On a background of genetic susceptibility, PCOS often becomes clinically manifest following weight gain, commonly during adolescence. A common endocrinopathy affecting between 6%-10% of reproductive-age women, PCOS presents with the cardinal features of hyperandrogenism, reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. PCOS associates with insulin resistance, independently of (but amplified by) obesity...

Estrogen hormone acts as a potential key player in providing immunity against certain viral infection. It is found to be associated in providing immunity against acute lungs inflammation and influenza virus by modulating cytokines storm and mediating adaptive immune alterations respectively. Women are less affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection because of the possible influence of estrogen hormone as compared to men. We hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 causes stress in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which in turn aggravates the infection, estrogen hormone might play key role in decreasing ER stress by activating estrogen mediated signaling pathways, results in unfolded protein response (UPR)...

Genetic variation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) was found to modulate the insulin resistance of adipose tissues, but the underlying mechanism was not clear. To investigate how the IRS-1 was involved in the browning of white adipose tissue through miRNA, we identified a mutated Irs-1 (Irs-1-/- ) mice model and found that this mice had a reduced subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) and increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the interscapular region. So we isolated the bone marrow stromal cells and analyzed differentially expressed miRNAs and adipogenesis-related genes with miRNA arrays and PCR arrays...

PURPOSE: Chordomas are rare and serious tumors with few effective treatments outside of aggressive surgery and radiation. Targeted therapies may present a more effective option for a subset of patients with lesions possessing certain genetic biomarkers. METHODS: A small molecule inhibitor library was tested in patient-derived UM-Chor1 cells to identify targeted therapies with potential efficacy. Targeted exome sequencing of UM-Chor1 and UM-Chor2 cells was performed to investigate genetic aberrations in relevant pathways...

The taxonomic position of a novel actinomycete isolate, designated strain GGCR-6T , isolated from the healthy leaves of Xanthium sibiricum collected from the botanic garden of Hunan University of Science and Technology in Hunan province, PR China, was determined by a polyphasic approach. GGCR-6T grew well on ISP series media and formed well-developed, branched substrate hyphae and aerial mycelium that differentiated into straight spore chains consisting of cylindrical spores with smooth surfaces. The diagnostic diamino acid was ll-diaminopimelic acid...

A novel bacterium, designated TRM 44457T , belonging to the genus Streptomyces , was isolated from soil sampled in cotton fields in Xinjiang, PR China. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain TRM 44457T was phylogenetically most closely related to Streptomyces laurentii LMG 19959T (99.38 % sequence similarity); however, strain TRM 44457T had a relatively low DNA-DNA relatedness value with S. laurentii LMG 19959T as determined by calculating the average nucleotide identity value (84...

Magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) occupying the supraoptic nucleus (SON) contain voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that provide Ca2+ for triggering vesicle release, initiating signaling pathways, and activating channels, such as the potassium channels underlying the afterhyperpolarization (AHP). Phosphotidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ) is a phospholipid membrane component that has been previously shown to modulate Ca2+ channels, including in the SON in our previous work. In this study, we further investigated the ways in which PIP2 modulates these channels, and for the first time show how PIP2 modulates CaV channel currents in native membranes...

A novel actinomycete isolate, designated strain MK-45T , was isolated from soil sampled at a manganese-contaminated area in Xiangtan, China. The isolate formed extensively branched substrate mycelia and aerial mycelia that differentiated into tightly coiled or spiral spore chains with smooth-surfaced spores. The cell-wall hydrolysates contained ll-diaminopimelic acid and traces of meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major menaquinones consisted of MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The major polar lipids contained diphosphatidylgycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphotidylinositol and phosphotidylinositol mannosides...

A central and critical structure in tuberculosis, the mycobacterial granuloma consists of highly organized immune cells, including macrophages that drive granuloma formation through a characteristic epithelioid transformation. Difficulties in imaging within intact animals and caveats associated with in vitro assembly models have severely limited the study and experimental manipulation of mature granulomas. Here we describe a new ex vivo culture technique, wherein mature, fully organized zebrafish granulomas are microdissected and maintained in three-dimensional (3D) culture...

Cystatin C (CysC) plays diverse protective roles under conditions of neuronal challenge. We investigated whether CysC protects from trisomy-induced pathologies in a mouse model of Down syndrome (DS), the most common cause of developmental cognitive and behavioral impairments in humans. We have previously shown that the segmental trisomy mouse model, Ts[Rb(12.1716)]2Cje (Ts2) has DS-like neuronal and behavioral deficiencies. The current study reveals that transgene-mediated low levels of human CysC overexpression has a preventive effect on numerous neuropathologies in the brains of Ts2 mice, including reducing early and late endosome enlargement in cortical neurons and decreasing loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs)...