pharmacocinetic

Bispecific antibodies are novel approaches of immunotherapy engaging immune cells to destroy tumor cells. Their structure is variable and underlies their pharmacocinetic properties. These coumpounds are now being evaluated across multiple hematological malignancies. The anti-CD3/CD19 antibody blinatumomab is the first in class and have been approved for the treatment of patients with Ph-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Other emerging applications are lymphoma, multiple myeloma and acute myeloid leukemia...

Phytovigilance consists in supervision of side effects and drug interactions consequential to use of herbal medicinal products, herbal food supplements, herbal cosmetics and/or medicinal plants. It includes thus pharmacovigilance applied to phytotherapy, nutrivigilance and cosmetovigilance but also addictovigilance in case of plants, which lead to drug addiction, and toxicovigilance in case of toxic plants. Becoming necessary owing to (acute or chronic) toxicity risks or to drug interactions risks (of pharmacocinetical or pharmacodynamical kind)--as far as it concerns interactions between several associated plants or between a plant and a chemical or biotechnological allopathic medicine--phytovigilance represents moreover a legal obligation...

Bipolar disorder is a frequent disorder in the elderly, with a prevalence of 0.1 a 0.4%; a 10% of bipolar patients have mania onset after 50 years old. It has in ageing a more heterogeneous clinical presentation. The manic episodes are less severe, mixed depression is common, as well as confusion and cognitive impairment. A first manic episode in ageing can be secondary to medical illness. Treatment for bipolar disorder in ageing is similar to treatment for young patients. The differences are due to pharmacocinetic changes because of the age, with the comorbidity and with the etiology, if it is a secondary mania...

The aim of the article was to determine the structure of infections agents in diabetic foot infections and their sensibility to antibiotics A total of 295 microbial isolates were obtained from 115 patients with confirmed diabetic foot infection, treated in 2005-2009 years. Of these aerobes were found in 92.88%, anaerobes - in 7.12%. Microbal associations, various aerbal bacteria were found in 58,49% of cases, associations of aerobes with anaerobes - in 17.92% of cases; from 21.70% of patients were isolated microbial monocultures...

Heart failure is an elderly disease, interesting 10% of the population aged more 80 years. Hypertension is this principal cause. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction becomes predominant with age. Echocardiography is important to determine ejection fraction, left ventricular pressures and curable etiologies. Prognostic is more severe. Pharmacocinetic alterations need a careful utilization of drugs. Treatment must follow international recommendations, including use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors and betablockers...

Proper selection of anesthetic technique is important in otologic surgical procedures. In the middle ear microsurgery an anesthetic agent must provide bloodless, good surgical field visibility for safe tympanic membrane reconstruction, safe ossicular reconstruction with respect to the basic anatomic structure of the middle ear. Additionally, no alteration of intratympanic pressure is acceptable during the anesthetic act and after its discontinuation. Consequently, postoperative nausea and vomiting should be minimal after tympanoplasty operations for the stability of tympanic graft and ossicles...

Linezolid is a synthetic antibiotic, the first available agent in a new class of antibiotic called the oxazolidinones, whose particular mechanism of action consists in inhibiting the initiation of protein synthesis. Its spectrum of in vitro and in vivo activity includes staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, corynebacteria and some anaerobic bacteria (Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium, and Fusobacterium). The first therapeutic results were very encouraging, leading to the marketing of the product in France in 2002...

The aim of the current study is to underline once again the etiopathogenetic aspects of rhinosinusitis, by a revision of most significative and updated study in otorhinolaryngologic literature to guide the right management of this disease. The focal role of ostio-meatal complex is reported; epidemiological data on old and emergent pathogens are described together with their role on acute or chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis pathogenesis. According to recent evidence based medicine documents, diagnostic criteria and methodologies are reported to control surgical and medical long-term results...

Per (3.6-anhydro-2-O-carboxymethyle)- alpha-cyclodextrin ([1]) is a polydentate analog of EDTA, a well-known cation chelating reagent. [1] exhibits strong affinities in vitro for lanthanids, cobalt and also for uranyl cations. Hence, a 1:1 stoechiometry and a high affinity for uranyle (6<logK<7) is found in vitro. Moreover, [1] is not hemolytic and exhibits not lettral properties in mice (LD(50)=42mM). In vivo injection at supralethal amounts of uranyl complex of [1] prevents immediate death in mice while unable to protect against later death...

BACKGROUND: As women are more susceptible to heterosexual HIV infection than men, it is predicted that the percentage of women amongst people living with HIV will continue to grow worldwide. This has not only impact on preventive and reproductive issues, but also on treatment of women with HIV. - METHODS: Abstracts from the 9 superset th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Seattle and the XIV World AIDS Conference in Barcelona in 2002 have been reviewed for this article, complemented by further internet-search...

The pharmacological treatment of epilepsies represents an important domain of neurological therapeutical strategies and is not only important for specialized epilepsy centres, but for all hospital -and office-based neurologists. The choice of the right anticonvulsive drug is not always simple since the development of new drugs during the last 10 years offers a broad range of possibilities. Therefore, pharmacological treatment has become more sophisticated than it was with relatively few anticonvulsive drugs before...

The behavioral disorders are more frequent in the epilepsy patients, children and adults, than in the general population. They have been extensively studied by numerous authors, as well as the underlying various factors. These factors are neurobiological and psychological. From the neurobiological point of view, the importance of the brain damages, their nature, their topography, their lateralization, their date of occurrence during the development have been underlined. Specific personality and behavior features have been linked to the temporal localization of the epilepsy, but many controversies continue about this topic and a behavioral temporal syndrome is not proven...

Heart disease is the most common cause of death in elderly people. Cardiovascular aging is a continuous and irreversible process. It has a decline rate that varies among individuals and can be modulated by three conceptually different influences, namely, physiological changes due to the passage of time, adaptive sequeles of previous diseases or surgery in younger life, and influence of the individual lifestyle or their own cardiovascular risk factors. The main practical consequences of aging processes are a progressive change in the morphological, functional, and semiological characteristics of the cardiovascular system and an increase in the number of age-related cardiovascular disorders...

During pregnancy, there are several physiological changes that influence the kinetics of medication administrated during this time. These physiological changes are not reestablished immediately during delivery; so, its concentration in biologic fluids is different when is administered immediately after delivery, than several weeks after. The purpose in this work was to identify the changes of pharmacocinetics constants for fenitoin and carbamacepine, in epileptic patients. When the same dose is maintained, during different times of postpartum...

In some cases, assessment of the microcirculation of tissues can be very difficult. Various methods have been proposed for evaluating microcirculation, none of which has so far established itself for clinical use. Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA) is a suitable and objective method for quantifying microcirculation and due to the pharmacocinetic properties of this dye the prospects for clinical application of this fluorescence technique are rather promising. In an experimental animal study, postoperative changes of microcirculation were examined in a skin flap...

The administration of drugs to pregnant women comprises special problems. This review gives an overlook on changes in the pharmacocinetics due to pregnancy and on the possible side effects of drugs on embryo and fetus. Finally, general rules for the prescription of drugs to pregnant women are given.

Benzodiazepines (BZs) affect acquisition of new information, while retrieval of already learned information is unimpaired. The variability of this effect is important and depends on the nature of the BZ, its dose, the route of administration and the susceptibility of the subject taking the drug. This last factor depends itself on the anxiety level, the age, and a less known idiosyncratic susceptibility of the patient. Finally, there is probably a partial tolerance for the amnestic action of BZs, which explains the fact that the most dramatic amnesias have been described after administration of a single dose of BZ, taken by a patient unaccustomed to BZs...

We gave special attention to these very fragile newborns in whom associated pathology was often present. We were faced above all by respiratory and hemodynamic problems. Pre-operative care is essential and must be adapted to the degree of emergency. The newborn must reach the operating room in normothermia, normoxia and in adequate metabolic status. The anaesthesia technique used was always simple with few anaesthesics and ventilation controlled manually and mechanically after intubation. Scrupulous monitoring was always the case...

Mefloquine (WR 142-490, RO 21.5998), and antimalarial 4-quinoleine-methanol, active on multiresistant strains of P. falciparum is a resourceful product because of its pharmacocinetics and the possibility it opens of a single day curative therapy. Its mean half-live is 15 days, with important individual variations from 8 to 23 days as well as racial one within North-American, Asiatic or African patients. A 1,25 to 1,50 g dose divided in 2 or 3 intakes during 16 hours has proved to be effective in 34 P. falciparum cases...

68 women with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infection confirmed bacteriologically were randomized to receive either a single oral dose of cotrimoxazole, a single oral dose of amoxycillin, or an oral dose of Na-bicarbonate. Results comparable to previous reports were obtained with the cotrimoxazole regimen. On the other hand, the efficacy of single-dose amoxycillin appeared to be inferior. It is possible that pharmacocinetic differences influence the efficacy of these drugs.