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David Tabibian, Begoña M de Tejada, Zisis Gatzioufas, Sabine Kling, Vanessa S Meiss, Marc-Olivier Boldi, Véronique Othenin-Girard, Antonina Chilin, Julien Lambiel, Florence Hoogewoud, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: To identify biomechanical and topographical changes of the cornea during pregnancy and the postpartum period and its association to hormonal changes. DESIGN: Prospective single-center observational cohort study. METHODS: Participants: 24 pregnant women (48 eyes), monitored throughout pregnancy and after delivery. Biomechanical and topographical corneal properties were measured using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and a Scheimpflug imaging system (Pentacam HR) each trimester and 1 month after delivery...
October 12, 2017: American Journal of Ophthalmology
#2
Georgios D Panos, Nikolaos Kozeis, Miltiadis Balidis, Marilita M Moschos, Farhad Hafezi
BACKGROUND: Since the late 1990s corneal crosslinking (CXL) has been proposed as a new treatment option which can stop progression of keratoconus with promising results in adults. OBJECTIVE: Keratoconus presents a higher rate and faster progression in paediatric patients and for this reason prompt and effective treatment is essential. Due to its success in adult keratoconus patients, CXL has been recently applied to children in order to stop or slow progression of keratoconus in paediatric patients...
2017: Open Ophthalmology Journal
#3
Sadaf G Sepanlou, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Kristopher J Krohn, Ashkan Afshin, Farshad Farzadfar, Gholamreza Roshandel, Chante Karimkhani, Sharzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Hamid Ahmadieh, Shirin Djalalinia, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Babak Eshrati, Ali Reza Esteghamati, Maryam S Farvid, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Pouria Heydarpour, Farhad Islami, Seyed M Karimi, Marzieh Katibeh, Ardeshir Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Mahdi Mahdavi, Farhad Pishgar, Mostafa Qorbani, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Sare Safi, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Saeid Shahraz, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Alireza Mohammadi, Ali H Mokdad, Theo Vos, Christopher J L Murray, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mohsen Naghavi, Reza Malekzadeh
BACKGROUND: Summary measures of health are essential in making estimates of health status that are comparable across time and place. They can be used for assessing the performance of health systems, informing effective policy making, and monitoring the progress of nations toward achievement of sustainable development goals. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) provides disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) as main summary measures of health...
July 2017: Archives of Iranian Medicine
#4
Shirin Djalalinia, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Saeid Shahraz, Mohsen Naghavi, Christopher J L Murray, Theo Vos, Ali H Mokhdad, Kris Krohn, Goodarz Danaei, Ashkan Afshin, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Niloofar Peykari, Nazila Rezaei, Gholamreza Roshandel, Chante Karimkhani, Babak Moazen, Farshad Pourmalek, Ali Reza Esteghamati, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Marzieh Katibeh, Hamid Ahmadieh, Sare Safi, Mostafa Qorbani, Farhad Islami, Ardeshir Khosravi, Mohammad Sadegh Hasanvand, Mahdi Mahdavi, Aliasghar A Kiadaliri, Maryam S Farvid, Seyed M Karimi, Alireza Mohammadi, Hamid Asayesh, Reza Assadi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Pouria Heydarpour, Seyed Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Saeid Safiri, Amir Kasaeian, Bagher Larijani, Reza Malekzadeh, Farshad Farzadfar
BACKGROUND: Due to significant achievements in reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy, the issue of disability from diseases and injuries, and their related interventions, has become one of the most important concerns of health-related research. METHODS: Using data obtained from the GBD 2015 study, the present report provides prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of 310 diseases and injuries by sex and age in Iran and neighboring countries over the period 1990-2015...
July 2017: Archives of Iranian Medicine
#5
Bogdan Spiru, Sabine Kling, Farhad Hafezi, Walter Sekundo
Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical stability of ex vivo porcine corneas after femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) and small incision lenticule extraction (SmILE) refractive surgeries. Methods: Forty-five porcine eyes were equally divided into three groups: Groups 1 and 2 were treated with FLEx and SmILE procedure, respectively. Group 3 served as control. A refractive correction of -14 diopters (D) with a 7-mm zone using either a 160-μm flap (FLEx) or a 160-μm cap (SmILE) was performed...
May 1, 2017: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
#6
Sabine Kling, Bogdan Spiru, Farhad Hafezi, Walter Sekundo
PURPOSE: To determine the corneal weakening induced by different re-treatment options after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and investigate the potential of corneal cross-linking (CXL) to reestablish the original corneal stress resistance. METHODS: A total of 96 freshly enucleated porcine corneas were used. The initial refractive correction was defined to be -11.00 diopters (D) and the required enhancement to be -3.00 D. Three different re-treatment options were analyzed: -3D Re-SMILE, -3D photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on top of the SMILE cap, and cap-to-flap conversion and -3D excimer ablation on the stromal bed (LASIK)...
March 1, 2017: Journal of Refractive Surgery
#7
Sabine Kling, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: To develop an algorithm to predict the stiffening effect of CXL and to verify the accuracy with results obtained from experimental measurements. METHODS: The algorithm considers different variables: the reaction kinetics of riboflavin diffusion and riboflavin photodegradation to determine the effective riboflavin concentration in different stromal layers; the oxygen diffusion and ultraviolet (UV) absorption to determine the amount of reactive oxygen species as a function of time and stromal depth...
February 1, 2017: Journal of Refractive Surgery
#8
Sabine Kling, Arthur Hammer, Alain Conti, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: To morphologically, biochemically, and physiologically characterize corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and UV-A light (CXL) in a newly established in vivo murine model. METHODS: C57BL/6 wild-type mice (N = 67) were treated with various CXL protocols, with modification of the following parameters: total energy (fluence) used, duration of UV-A irradiation, continuous versus pulsed irradiation, and CXL under hypoxic conditions (contact lens). Corneas were evaluated biomicroscopically, histologically, and using optical coherence tomography...
January 2017: Translational Vision Science & Technology
#9
REVIEW
Sabine Kling, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: In recent years, the interest in corneal biomechanics has strongly increased. The material properties of the cornea determine its shape and therefore play an important role in corneal ectasia and related pathologies. This review addresses the molecular origin of biomechanical properties, models for their description, methods for their characterisation, techniques for their modification, and computational simulation approaches. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent research has focused on developing non-contact techniques to measure the biomechanical properties in vivo, on determining structural and molecular abnormalities in pathological corneas, on developing and optimising techniques to reinforce the corneal tissue and on the computational simulation of surgical interventions...
May 2017: Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
#10
David Tabibian, Sabine Kling, Arthur Hammer, Olivier Richoz, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: To study whether repeated collagen cross-linking (CXL) performed in vivo in mice shows an additive effect on mechanical corneal stiffness. METHODS: In this experimental study, epithelium-off CXL was performed in a total of 18 eyes from male C57BL/6 mice, with 0.27%-riboflavin solution applied for 20 minutes, followed by ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation (365 nm, 9mW/cm(2)) for 2:50 minutes (fluence 1.53 J/cm(2)). CXL was performed as either a single (1×CXL) or a repeated (2×CXL) treatment...
January 1, 2017: Journal of Refractive Surgery
#11
Mohammad Miraftab, Hassan Hashemi, Farhad Hafezi, Soheila Asgari
PURPOSE: To study the mid-term effects of implanting a single intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) for treatment of mild to moderate progressive keratoconus. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on patients with progressive keratoconus treated with ICRS. The mean follow-up time was 15.2 ± 8.8 (range, 7-26) months before and 27.8 ± 7.5 (range, 18-35) months after surgery. Patients received no other treatment during this time. Of the cases studied, 59.1% had inferior keratoconus...
May 2017: Cornea
#12
MULTICENTER STUDY
Five-Year Safety and Performance Results from the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System Clinical Trial.
Lyndon da Cruz, Jessy D Dorn, Mark S Humayun, Gislin Dagnelie, James Handa, Pierre-Olivier Barale, José-Alain Sahel, Paulo E Stanga, Farhad Hafezi, Avinoam B Safran, Joel Salzmann, Arturo Santos, David Birch, Rand Spencer, Artur V Cideciyan, Eugene de Juan, Jacque L Duncan, Dean Eliott, Amani Fawzi, Lisa C Olmos de Koo, Allen C Ho, Gary Brown, Julia Haller, Carl Regillo, Lucian V Del Priore, Aries Arditi, Robert J Greenberg
PURPOSE: The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System (Second Sight Medical Products, Inc, Sylmar, CA) was developed to restore some vision to patients blind as a result of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or outer retinal degeneration. A clinical trial was initiated in 2006 to study the long-term safety and efficacy of the Argus II System in patients with bare or no light perception resulting from end-stage RP. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial. Within-patient controls included the nonimplanted fellow eye and patients' native residual vision compared with their vision with the Argus II...
October 2016: Ophthalmology
#13
MULTICENTER STUDY
Zisis Gatzioufas, Frederik Raiskup, David O'Brart, Eberhard Spoerl, Georgios D Panos, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of a modified high concentration riboflavin solution containing benzalkonium chloride 0.01% for transepithelial corneal cross-linking (CXL). METHODS: In this prospective, interventional multicenter cohort study, 26 eyes of 26 patients with documented progressive keratoconus who underwent transepithelial CXL were included. Follow-up at 6 and 12 months postoperatively included slit-lamp examination, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (logMAR), maximum keratometry (Kmax), and corneal pachymetry (corneal thinnest point) as determined by Scheimpflug imaging...
June 1, 2016: Journal of Refractive Surgery
#14
REVIEW
David Tabibian, Cosimo Mazzotta, Farhad Hafezi
BACKGROUND: Corneal cross-linking (CXL) using ultraviolet light-A (UV-A) and riboflavin is a technique developed in the 1990's to treat corneal ectatic disorders such as keratoconus. It soon became the new gold standard in multiple countries around the world to halt the progression of this disorder, with good long-term outcomes in keratometry reading and visual acuity. The original Dresden treatment protocol was also later on used to stabilize iatrogenic corneal ectasia appearing after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)...
2016: Eye and Vision (London, England)
#15
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Alireza Peyman, Alireza Nouralishahi, Farhad Hafezi, Sabine Kling, Mohamadreza Peyman
PURPOSE: To compare the stromal demarcation line depth in pulsed versus continuous corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus. METHODS: Seventy eyes underwent epithelium-off cross-linking, with 0.1% riboflavin applied during 10 minutes prior to ultraviolet irradiation at 30 mW/cm2. Thirty-six eyes received pulsed irradiation (1 second on, 1 second off) for 8 minutes and 34 eyes underwent continuous irradiation for 4 minutes. Total fluence was 7.2 J/cm2 for both groups...
March 2016: Journal of Refractive Surgery
#16
Arthur Hammer, Serge Rudaz, Sylvie Guinchard, Sabine Kling, Olivier Richoz, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: To investigate the composition and concentration of individual riboflavin compounds in the corneal stroma in vivo after soaking with various commercially available riboflavin formulations. METHODS: Experiments were performed in 26 rabbit corneas in vivo: 24 corneas were soaked with riboflavin formulations for 30 minutes or with 0.9% NaCl for control (n = 2). After treatment, corneas were excised and prepared for ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis...
September 2016: Current Eye Research
#17
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Sabine Kling, Olivier Richoz, Arthur Hammer, David Tabibian, Soosan Jacob, Amar Agarwal, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: To compare the currently available ultraviolet-A (UV-A) corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment protocols for thin corneas with respect to oxygen, UV fluence, and osmotic pressure. METHODS: Freshly enucleated murine (n = 16) and porcine (n = 16) eyes were used. The dependency on oxygen and the amount of UV absorption were evaluated using different CXL protocols, including standard CXL, contact lens-assisted CXL (caCXL), and CXL after corneal swelling. The CXL protocol was adapted from the treatment parameters of the human cornea to fit the thickness of murine and porcine corneas...
December 2015: Journal of Refractive Surgery
#18
Arthur Hammer, Sabine Kling, Marc-Olivier Boldi, Olivier Richoz, David Tabibian, J Bradley Randleman, Farhad Hafezi
PURPOSE: To establish corneal cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and UV-A in in the mouse cornea in vivo and to develop tools to measure the biomechanical changes observed. METHODS: A total of 55 male C57BL/6 wild-type mice (aged 5 weeks) were divided into 14 groups. Standard CXL parameters were adapted to the anatomy of the mouse cornea, and riboflavin concentration (0.1%-0.5%) and fluence series (0.09-5.4 J/cm²) were performed on the assumption of the endothelial damage thresholds...
October 2015: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
#19
Mohammad-Javad Hafezi, Farhad Sharif
Study on the effect of amphiphilic copolymers structure on their self assembly is an interesting subject, with important applications in the area of drug delivery and biological system treatments. Brownian dynamics simulations were performed to study self-assembly of the linear amphiphilic block copolymers with the same hydrophilic head, but hydrophobic tails of different lengths. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), gyration radius distribution, micelle size distribution, density profiles of micelles, shape anisotropy, and dynamics of micellization were investigated as a function of tail length...
November 2015: Journal of Molecular Graphics & Modelling
#20
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Mohammad H Forouzanfar, Lily Alexander, H Ross Anderson, Victoria F Bachman, Stan Biryukov, Michael Brauer, Richard Burnett, Daniel Casey, Matthew M Coates, Aaron Cohen, Kristen Delwiche, Kara Estep, Joseph J Frostad, K C Astha, Hmwe H Kyu, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Marie Ng, Erica Leigh Slepak, Bernadette A Thomas, Joseph Wagner, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Cristiana Abbafati, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Foad Abd-Allah, Semaw F Abera, Victor Aboyans, Biju Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal Abraham, Ibrahim Abubakar, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Tania C Aburto, Tom Achoki, Ademola Adelekan, Koranteng Adofo, Arsène K Adou, José C Adsuar, Ashkan Afshin, Emilie E Agardh, Mazin J Al Khabouri, Faris H Al Lami, Sayed Saidul Alam, Deena Alasfoor, Mohammed I Albittar, Miguel A Alegretti, Alicia V Aleman, Zewdie A Alemu, Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho, Samia Alhabib, Raghib Ali, Mohammed K Ali, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Peter J Allen, Ubai Alsharif, Elena Alvarez, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Adansi A Amankwaa, Azmeraw T Amare, Emmanuel A Ameh, Omid Ameli, Heresh Amini, Walid Ammar, Benjamin O Anderson, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Palwasha Anwari, Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham, Johan Arnlöv, Valentina S Arsic Arsenijevic, Al Artaman, Rana J Asghar, Reza Assadi, Lydia S Atkins, Charles Atkinson, Marco A Avila, Baffour Awuah, Alaa Badawi, Maria C Bahit, Talal Bakfalouni, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Shivanthi Balalla, Ravi Kumar Balu, Amitava Banerjee, Ryan M Barber, Suzanne L Barker-Collo, Simon Barquera, Lars Barregard, Lope H Barrero, Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez, Ana C Basto-Abreu, Arindam Basu, Sanjay Basu, Mohammed O Basulaiman, Carolina Batis Ruvalcaba, Justin Beardsley, Neeraj Bedi, Tolesa Bekele, Michelle L Bell, Corina Benjet, Derrick A Bennett, Habib Benzian, Eduardo Bernabé, Tariku J Beyene, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Boris Bikbov, Aref A Bin Abdulhak, Jed D Blore, Fiona M Blyth, Megan A Bohensky, Berrak Bora Başara, Guilherme Borges, Natan M Bornstein, Dipan Bose, Soufiane Boufous, Rupert R Bourne, Michael Brainin, Alexandra Brazinova, Nicholas J Breitborde, Hermann Brenner, Adam D M Briggs, David M Broday, Peter M Brooks, Nigel G Bruce, Traolach S Brugha, Bert Brunekreef, Rachelle Buchbinder, Linh N Bui, Gene Bukhman, Andrew G Bulloch, Michael Burch, Peter G J Burney, Ismael R Campos-Nonato, Julio C Campuzano, Alejandra J Cantoral, Jack Caravanos, Rosario Cárdenas, Elisabeth Cardis, David O Carpenter, Valeria Caso, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Ruben E Castro, Ferrán Catalá-López, Fiorella Cavalleri, Alanur Çavlin, Vineet K Chadha, Jung-Chen Chang, Fiona J Charlson, Honglei Chen, Wanqing Chen, Zhengming Chen, Peggy P Chiang, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Rajiv Chowdhury, Costas A Christophi, Ting-Wu Chuang, Sumeet S Chugh, Massimo Cirillo, Thomas K D Claßen, Valentina Colistro, Mercedes Colomar, Samantha M Colquhoun, Alejandra G Contreras, Cyrus Cooper, Kimberly Cooperrider, Leslie T Cooper, Josef Coresh, Karen J Courville, Michael H Criqui, Lucia Cuevas-Nasu, James Damsere-Derry, Hadi Danawi, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Paul I Dargan, Adrian Davis, Dragos V Davitoiu, Anand Dayama, E Filipa de Castro, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Diego De Leo, Graça de Lima, Louisa Degenhardt, Borja del Pozo-Cruz, Robert P Dellavalle, Kebede Deribe, Sarah Derrett, Don C Des Jarlais, Muluken Dessalegn, Gabrielle A deVeber, Karen M Devries, Samath D Dharmaratne, Mukesh K Dherani, Daniel Dicker, Eric L Ding, Klara Dokova, E Ray Dorsey, Tim R Driscoll, Leilei Duan, Adnan M Durrani, Beth E Ebel, Richard G Ellenbogen, Yousef M Elshrek, Matthias Endres, Sergey P Ermakov, Holly E Erskine, Babak Eshrati, Alireza Esteghamati, Saman Fahimi, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Farshad Farzadfar, Derek F J Fay, Valery L Feigin, Andrea B Feigl, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Alize J Ferrari, Cleusa P Ferri, Abraham D Flaxman, Thomas D Fleming, Nataliya Foigt, Kyle J Foreman, Urbano Fra Paleo, Richard C Franklin, Belinda Gabbe, Lynne Gaffikin, Emmanuela Gakidou, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Fortuné G Gankpé, Ron T Gansevoort, Francisco A García-Guerra, Evariste Gasana, Johanna M Geleijnse, Bradford D Gessner, Pete Gething, Katherine B Gibney, Richard F Gillum, Ibrahim A M Ginawi, Maurice Giroud, Giorgia Giussani, Shifalika Goenka, Ketevan Goginashvili, Hector Gomez Dantes, Philimon Gona, Teresita Gonzalez de Cosio, Dinorah González-Castell, Carolyn C Gotay, Atsushi Goto, Hebe N Gouda, Richard L Guerrant, Harish C Gugnani, Francis Guillemin, David Gunnell, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Reyna A Gutiérrez, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Holly Hagan, Maria Hagstromer, Yara A Halasa, Randah R Hamadeh, Mouhanad Hammami, Graeme J Hankey, Yuantao Hao, Hilda L Harb, Tilahun Nigatu Haregu, Josep Maria Haro, Rasmus Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Mohammad T Hedayati, Ileana B Heredia-Pi, Lucia Hernandez, Kyle R Heuton, Pouria Heydarpour, Martha Hijar, Hans W Hoek, Howard J Hoffman, John C Hornberger, H Dean Hosgood, Damian G Hoy, Mohamed Hsairi, Guoqing Hu, Howard Hu, Cheng Huang, John J Huang, Bryan J Hubbell, Laetitia Huiart, Abdullatif Husseini, Marissa L Iannarone, Kim M Iburg, Bulat T Idrisov, Nayu Ikeda, Kaire Innos, Manami Inoue, Farhad Islami, Samaya Ismayilova, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Henrica A Jansen, Deborah L Jarvis, Simerjot K Jassal, Alejandra Jauregui, Sudha Jayaraman, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Paul N Jensen, Vivekanand Jha, Fan Jiang, Guohong Jiang, Ying Jiang, Jost B Jonas, Knud Juel, Haidong Kan, Sidibe S Kany Roseline, Nadim E Karam, André Karch, Corine K Karema, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Anil Kaul, Norito Kawakami, Dhruv S Kazi, Andrew H Kemp, Andre P Kengne, Andre Keren, Yousef S Khader, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa, Ejaz A Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Irma Khonelidze, Christian Kieling, Daniel Kim, Sungroul Kim, Yunjin Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Yohannes Kinfu, Jonas M Kinge, Brett M Kissela, Miia Kivipelto, Luke D Knibbs, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Yoshihiro Kokubo, M Rifat Kose, Soewarta Kosen, Alexander Kraemer, Michael Kravchenko, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Hans Kromhout, Tiffany Ku, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Ernst J Kuipers, Chanda Kulkarni, Veena S Kulkarni, G Anil Kumar, Gene F Kwan, Taavi Lai, Arjun Lakshmana Balaji, Ratilal Lalloo, Tea Lallukka, Hilton Lam, Qing Lan, Van C Lansingh, Heidi J Larson, Anders Larsson, Dennis O Laryea, Pablo M Lavados, Alicia E Lawrynowicz, Janet L Leasher, Jong-Tae Lee, James Leigh, Ricky Leung, Miriam Levi, Yichong Li, Yongmei Li, Juan Liang, Xiaofeng Liang, Stephen S Lim, M Patrice Lindsay, Steven E Lipshultz, Shiwei Liu, Yang Liu, Belinda K Lloyd, Giancarlo Logroscino, Stephanie J London, Nancy Lopez, Joannie Lortet-Tieulent, Paulo A Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, Raimundas Lunevicius, Jixiang Ma, Stefan Ma, Vasco M P Machado, Michael F MacIntyre, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Abbas A Mahdi, Marek Majdan, Reza Malekzadeh, Srikanth Mangalam, Christopher C Mapoma, Marape Marape, Wagner Marcenes, David J Margolis, Christopher Margono, Guy B Marks, Randall V Martin, Melvin B Marzan, Mohammad T Mashal, Felix Masiye, Amanda J Mason-Jones, Kunihiro Matsushita, Richard Matzopoulos, Bongani M Mayosi, Tasara T Mazorodze, Abigail C McKay, Martin McKee, Abigail McLain, Peter A Meaney, Catalina Medina, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez, Wubegzier Mekonnen, Yohannes A Melaku, Michele Meltzer, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, George A Mensah, Atte Meretoja, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Renata Micha, Ted R Miller, Edward J Mills, Awoke Misganaw, Santosh Mishra, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim, Karzan A Mohammad, Ali H Mokdad, Glen L Mola, Lorenzo Monasta, Julio C Montañez Hernandez, Marcella Montico, Ami R Moore, Lidia Morawska, Rintaro Mori, Joanna Moschandreas, Wilkister N Moturi, Dariush Mozaffarian, Ulrich O Mueller, Mitsuru Mukaigawara, Erin C Mullany, Kinnari S Murthy, Mohsen Naghavi, Ziad Nahas, Aliya Naheed, Kovin S Naidoo, Luigi Naldi, Devina Nand, Vinay Nangia, K M Venkat Narayan, Denis Nash, Bruce Neal, Chakib Nejjari, Sudan P Neupane, Charles R Newton, Frida N Ngalesoni, Jean de Dieu Ngirabega, Grant Nguyen, Nhung T Nguyen, Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, Muhammad I Nisar, José R Nogueira, Joan M Nolla, Sandra Nolte, Ole F Norheim, Rosana E Norman, Bo Norrving, Luke Nyakarahuka, In-Hwan Oh, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Bolajoko O Olusanya, Saad B Omer, John Nelson Opio, Ricardo Orozco, Rodolfo S Pagcatipunan, Amanda W Pain, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Carlo Irwin A Panelo, Christina Papachristou, Eun-Kee Park, Charles D Parry, Angel J Paternina Caicedo, Scott B Patten, Vinod K Paul, Boris I Pavlin, Neil Pearce, Lilia S Pedraza, Andrea Pedroza, Ljiljana Pejin Stokic, Ayfer Pekericli, David M Pereira, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Norberto Perico, Samuel A L Perry, Aslam Pervaiz, Konrad Pesudovs, Carrie B Peterson, Max Petzold, Michael R Phillips, Hwee Pin Phua, Dietrich Plass, Dan Poenaru, Guilherme V Polanczyk, Suzanne Polinder, Constance D Pond, C Arden Pope, Daniel Pope, Svetlana Popova, Farshad Pourmalek, John Powles, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Noela M Prasad, Dima M Qato, Amado D Quezada, D Alex A Quistberg, Lionel Racapé, Anwar Rafay, Kazem Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Murugesan Raju, Ivo Rakovac, Saleem M Rana, Mayuree Rao, Homie Razavi, K Srinath Reddy, Amany H Refaat, Jürgen Rehm, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Antonio L Ribeiro, Patricia M Riccio, Lee Richardson, Anne Riederer, Margaret Robinson, Anna Roca, Alina Rodriguez, David Rojas-Rueda, Isabelle Romieu, Luca Ronfani, Robin Room, Nobhojit Roy, George M Ruhago, Lesley Rushton, Nsanzimana Sabin, Ralph L Sacco, Sukanta Saha, Ramesh Sahathevan, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Joshua A Salomon, Deborah Salvo, Uchechukwu K Sampson, Juan R Sanabria, Luz Maria Sanchez, Tania G Sánchez-Pimienta, Lidia Sanchez-Riera, Logan Sandar, Itamar S Santos, Amir Sapkota, Maheswar Satpathy, James E Saunders, Monika Sawhney, Mete I Saylan, Peter Scarborough, Jürgen C Schmidt, Ione J C Schneider, Ben Schöttker, David C Schwebel, James G Scott, Soraya Seedat, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Berrin Serdar, Edson E Servan-Mori, Gavin Shaddick, Saeid Shahraz, Teresa Shamah Levy, Siyi Shangguan, Jun She, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Kenji Shibuya, Hwashin H Shin, Yukito Shinohara, Rahman Shiri, Kawkab Shishani, Ivy Shiue, Inga D Sigfusdottir, Donald H Silberberg, Edgar P Simard, Shireen Sindi, Abhishek Singh, Gitanjali M Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Vegard Skirbekk, Karen Sliwa, Michael Soljak, Samir Soneji, Kjetil Søreide, Sergey Soshnikov, Luciano A Sposato, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Nicolas J C Stapelberg, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Nadine Steckling, Dan J Stein, Murray B Stein, Natalie Stephens, Heidi Stöckl, Kurt Straif, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Lela Sturua, Bruno F Sunguya, Soumya Swaminathan, Mamta Swaroop, Bryan L Sykes, Karen M Tabb, Ken Takahashi, Roberto T Talongwa, Nikhil Tandon, David Tanne, Marcel Tanner, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Braden J Te Ao, Carolina M Teixeira, Martha M Téllez Rojo, Abdullah S Terkawi, José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador, Sarah V Thackway, Blake Thomson, Andrew L Thorne-Lyman, Amanda G Thrift, George D Thurston, Taavi 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BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution...
December 5, 2015: Lancet
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