Hplc pharmacokinetics

Recently, concerns have been raised about the safety of titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), a commonly used component of pharmaceutical film coatings. The European Union has recently prohibited the application of this material in the food industry, and it is anticipated that the same will happen in the pharmaceutical industry. For this reason, pharmaceutical manufacturers have to consider the possible impact of removing TiO2 from the film coating of tablets. In this paper, we present a case study of a commercially produced tablet where the film coating containing TiO2 was replaced with a coating using calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) or with a transparent coating...

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving cardiopulmonary bypass technology for critically ill patients with heart and lung failure. Patients treated with ECMO receive a range of drugs that are used to treat underlying diseases and critical illnesses. However, the dosing guidelines for these drugs used in ECMO patients are unclear. Mortality rate for patients on ECMO exceeds 40% partly due to inaccurate dosing information, caused in part by the adsorption of drugs in the ECMO circuit and its components...

The present study synthesized a series of cobalt (II) metal ion frame hybrid candidates ( 6a-6f ) bearing phyto-flavonol galangin with substituted aryl diazenyl coumarins, and further structural confirmation was validated by various spectral techniques, including NMR, ATR-FTIR, UV-vis, HPLC, XRD, etc. Therapeutic potency was investigated via PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances), molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, prediction of toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and drug-likeness scores, along with the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), with their energy gaps (ΔEH-L ) to locate the most potential therapeutic candidates...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this research is to develop an analytical method and validate it according to ICH guidelines for the estimation of Toremifene by RP-HPLC-PDA with molecular docking and ADMET analysis. From molecular docking, it came to know the receptor affinity specifically to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are responsible for cancer therapy. ADMET analyses secure its therapeutic potential as well safety of the drug. METHODS: An isocratic method has developed by RP-HPLC-PDA (AGILENT 1100) with symmetry of 100 mm x 4...

Boswellia resin is an exudate from the cut bark of Boswellia trees. The main constituents of pharmacological interest are boswellic acids (pentacyclic triterpenoids), namely α-boswellic acid, β-boswellic acid, 3- O -acetyl-α-boswellic acid, 3- O- acetyl-β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, and 3- O -acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid. Nowadays, dietary supplements with Boswellia serrata extract are used in the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases. Additionally, the constituents of Boswellia resin have shown potential for the treatment of other chronic inflammatory diseases and various types of cancer...

Hong-Hua-Xiao-Yao tablet (HHXYT) is attracting attention increasingly because of its use in treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) and menopausal syndrome. However, its pharmacokinetics remains unclear. This study developed a sensitive and rapid method for simultaneous determination of 10 compounds of HHXYT in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and to compare the pharmacokinetics of these compounds in MGH rats and sham operated rats. The linearity, accuracy, precision, stability and matrix effect were within acceptable ranges...

Pharmaceutical contaminants have a recognized negative impact on wildlife health. However, there are still many knowledge gaps on the factors influencing exposure and metabolic processing of compound mixtures as a function of season and individual characteristics such as age and sex. We evaluated age and sex differences in a set of seventeen compounds, including eleven antibiotics, five NSAIDs and caffeine, evaluated by HPLC-MS-TOF analysis in griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) from central Spain. Pharmaceutical cocktails (up to 10 compounds simultaneously) were found in all individuals...

OBJECTIVES: Plateau hypoxia exposure causes changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and cerebral-blood distribution of drugs, including many substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Levetiracetam, a kind of antiepileptic drugs, is a substrate of P-gp. Whether plateau hypoxia exposure changes its pharmacokinetic characteristics and cerebral-blood distribution remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of plateau hypoxia on the pharmacokinetics and cerebra-blood distribution of levetiracetam...

The integration of pain management in veterinary practice, driven by heightened animal welfare concerns, extends to avian species where subtle and nonspecific behavioral signs pose challenges. Given that safety concerns with classical NSAIDs highlight the need for more targeted alternatives in birds, this study explores the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of Deracoxib (DX), a COX-2 selective NSAID approved for use in dogs, following a single oral administration in geese. Six healthy female geese received 4 mg/kg DX...

Radix Cudramiae, the dried root of Cudrania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Kudo et Masam., is a valuable ethnomedicine with outstanding antihepatitis activity. However, the lack of reports on quality markers (Q-markers) hindered its quality evaluation and standardization, as a result restricted its clinical application. This paper aimed to discover the Q-markers of Radix Cudramiae with a comprehensive strategy based on in vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro HPLC fingerprint. A rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analytical method was firstly developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six potential active ingredients (eriodictyol, dihydrokaempferol, dihydromorin, kaempferol, naringenin and morin) of Radix Cudramiae in rat plasma and tissues, which was successfully applied to the holistic comparison of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution between normal and acute liver injury rats...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic parameters of SC ceftazidime administered at 20 and 40 mg/kg to red-eared sliders. ANIMALS: 8 adult red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). METHODS: In a sequential, 2-period study with a 3-week washout period between treatments, ceftazidime was administered SC to turtles at 20 and 40 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from the subcarapacial sinus at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after ceftazidime administration...

In 2023, hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) attracted the attention of international agencies due to its rapid spread in the illegal market. Although it was discovered in 1940, less is known about the pharmacology of its two naturally occurring epimers, 9(R)-HHC and 9(S)-HHC. Thus, we aimed to investigate the disposition of hexahydrocannabinol epimers and their metabolites in whole blood, urine and oral fluid following a single controlled administration of a 50:50 mixture of 9(R)-HHC and 9(S)-HHC smoked with tobacco...

Rhodomyrtone has indisputable and undeniable potential as a new antibiotic for antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics profiles of orally administered rhodomyrtone in rats. A reverse-phase HPLC-UV method was developed, optimized and validated for the analysis of rhodomyrtone concentrations in rat plasma. The retention time of papaverine and rhodomyrtone was 3.928 and 5.937 min, with no interference with the excipients used...

The investigation of peptide drugs has become essential in the development of innovative medications for hypertension. In this study, a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the plasma concentration and stability of the antihypertensive peptide FR-6 in rats. An isotopically labeled peptide (with an unchanged sequence) was utilized as an internal standard (IS) for validation purposes. Subsequently, this assay was employed to examine the pharmacokinetics of different administration methods (tail vein and gavage) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats...

Biosimilar insulin analogues are increasing market access for diabetic patients globally. Scientific establishment of biosimilarity is cornerstone of this key change in the medical landscape. BGL-ASP is a biosimilar insulin aspart developed by BioGenomics Limited, India. BioGenomics has considered a stepwise approach in generating the totality of evidence required to establish similarity with reference product. Insulin aspart is a recombinant rapid-acting human insulin analogue utilised in the treatment of type-1 and type-2 diabetes mellitus...

Eravacycline (ERC) was approved for clinical use in 2018. It is more potent than other tetracyclines and can overcome resistance, making it an attractive option for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Intensive pharmacokinetic (PK) studies are currently being conducted to ensure the effectiveness and safety of ERC in various groups of patients, including those undergoing extracorporeal therapies. This study is the first attempt to develop a simple, efficient, and high-throughput immunoassay for quantifying ERC in human or animal serum...

OBJECTIVE: Based on metabonomics technology of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H NMR), the pharmacokinetic characteristics and therapeutic mechanism of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (RhRR, Dahuang in Chinese), Eupolyphaga Steleophaga (EuS, Tubiechong in Chinese) combined with RhRR acting on acute liver injury were explored. METHODS: Models of acute liver injury were established, and the pharmacokinetic methods of five components of RhRR-EuS in rats were found by HPLC-MS/MS...

Accurate assessment of renal function is of great clinical and scientific importance, as it is an important pharmacokinetic covariate of pivotal drugs. The iohexol clearance is nearly identical to the glomerular filtration rate, but its determination usually requires an intravenous injection and therefore bears intrinsic risks. This motivates to showcase an "en passant" approach to quantification of renal function without additional risk or blood sampling beyond routine care using real-world data. We enrolled 37 intensive care patients who received high doses of iohexol for computed tomography imaging, and quantified series of iohexol plasma concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV)...

Over several months, 14 people were admitted in 6 hospitals with severe symptoms of intoxication with psychoactive substances as a result of mass poisoning. All symptoms occurred after taking a drink that contained crushed phenazepam tablets. Samples of blood ( n =10) and urine ( n =6) taken from 14 sufferers for forensic, chemical and toxicological examination were analyzed using the HPLC-MS/MS method. Phenazepam was detected in the biomaterial of all 14 patients. Other psychoactive substances (baclofen, pregabalin, chlorprothixene, chlorpromazine, phenibut, tramadol, diazepam), narcotic substances and ethanol were also found in the sufferers...

AIM: Formulation of Pomegranate Extracts (PE)-loaded sphingosomes as an antitumor therapy for the intravenous and passive targeted delivery to various tumor types, especially that of the breast, colon, and uterus; to increase the therapeutic activity and decrease the adverse effects profile. METHODS: The pericarp and seeds' juice of Punica granatum were each extracted using D.W. and ethanol. Phytochemical investigation of all extracts was carried out including total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins contents, the antioxidant activity, as well as HPLC analysis of phenolics and flavonoids...