Adhd eeg

Despite extensive clinical research on neurofeedback (NF) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies targeted the optimization of attention performance in healthy children. As a crucial component of attention networks, the executive control network, involved in resolving response conflicts and allocating cognitive resources, is closely linked to theta activity. Here we aimed to answer whether theta down-regulating NF can enhance healthy children's attention performance, especially the executive control network...

In recent decades, a growing body of evidence has confirmed the existence of rhythmic fluctuations in attention, but the effect of inter-individual variations in these attentional rhythms has yet to be investigated. The aim of this review is to identify trends in the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) literature that could be indicative of between-subject differences in rhythmic attention. A narrative review of the rhythmic attention and electrophysiological ADHD research literature was conducted, and the commonly-reported difference in slow-wave power between ADHD subjects and controls was found to have the most relevance to an understanding of rhythmic attention...

The neurodevelopmental disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), frequently affecting youngsters, is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, the etiology of which may involve a variety of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the electrical activity in the brain through neuronal activity, which is a function of cognitive processes. In this study, a previously recorded sample set of 121 children containing unbiased data from both ADHD and control group classes and EEG signals were analyzed to classify the ADHD patients...

OBJECTIVE: Stability and developmental effects of electroencephalography (EEG) and event related potential (ERP) correlates of ADHD are understudied. This pilot study examined stability and developmental changes in ERP and EEG metrics of interest. METHODS: Thirty-seven 7 to 11-year-old children with ADHD and 15 typically developing (TD) children completed EEG twice, 11 to 36 months apart. A series of mixed effects linear models were run to examine stability and developmental effects of EEG and ERP metrics...

Attention is a crucial cognitive function that enables us to selectively focus on relevant information from the surrounding world to achieve our goals. Impairments in sustained attention pose challenges, particularly in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impulsive and inattentive behavior. While psychostimulant medications are the most effective ADHD treatment, they often yield unwanted side effects, making it crucial to explore non-pharmacological treatments...

This review draws connections between the pathogenesis of canine epilepsy and its most commonly recognised comorbidities: cognitive impairment (CI), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviour, fear and anxiety. Uni/bidirectional causalities and the possibility of a common aetiology triggering both epilepsy and the associated diseases are considered. Research on this topic is sparse in dogs, so information has been gathered and assessed from human and laboratory animal studies. Anatomical structures, functional connections, disrupted neurotransmission and neuroinflammatory processes collectively serve as a common foundation for epilepsy and its comorbidities...

Working memory is integral to a range of critical cognitive functions such as reasoning and decision-making. Although alterations in working memory have been observed in neurodivergent populations, there has been no review mapping how cognitive load is measured in common neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and dyslexia. This scoping review explores the neurophysiological measures used to study cognitive load in these specific populations...

BACKGROUND: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) describes a combination of developmental, cognitive and behavioural disabilities that that occur in children exposed to prenatal alcohol. Higher prevalence of epilepsy and pathological electroencephalography (EEG) have been reported. Our study aimed to examine the frequency of epilepsy, pathological EEG findings and its possible implication on cognitive and adaptive functioning. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 148 children with FASD...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/5222136.].

This pilot study aimed to identify quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) biomarkers for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We examined whether qEEG power correlates with the behavioral symptoms. We included 89 children with ADHD and 77 healthy children as a control group. We conducted EEG spectral analysis in the eyes-closed and eyes-opened conditions and compared the findings with a normative database (Human Brain Index). We measured behavioral parameters by using scales proposed by Barkley...

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder largely diffused among children and adolescents. The current method of diagnosis is based on agreed clinical literature such as DSM-5, by identifying and evaluating signs of hyperactivity and inattention. Multiple reviews have assessed that EEG is not sufficiently reliable for the diagnosis of ADHD. Theta-Beta Ratio is now the sole EEG parameter considered for analysis, although it is not robust enough to be utilized as a confirmatory technique for diagnosis. In this setting, new objective approaches for reliably classifying neurotypical and ADHD subjects are required...

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder mainly affecting children. ADHD children brain activity is reported to present alterations from neurotypically developed children, yet establishment of an EEG biomarker, which is of high importance in clinical practice and research, has not been achieved. In this work, task-related EEG recordings from 61 ADHD and 60 age-matched non-ADHD children are analyzed to examine the underlying Cross-Frequency Coupling phenomena. The proposed framework introduces personalized brain rhythm extraction in the form of oscillatory modes via Swarm Decomposition, allowing for the transition from sensor-level connectivity to source-level connectivity...

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a critical brain region that greatly influences vital neurobehavioral processes, including executive functioning and the generation of sleep rhythms. Recently, TRN dysfunction was suggested to underlie hyperactivity, attention deficits, and sleep disturbances observed across various devastating neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism, schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Notably, a highly specialized sarco- endoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca 2+ ) ATPase 2 (SERCA2)-dependent Ca 2+ signaling network operates in the dendrites of TRN neurons to regulate their high-frequency bursting activity...

Very little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development of personality disorders, hindering efforts to address early risk for these costly and stigmatized disorders. In this study, we examined associations between social and monetary reward processing, measured at the neurophysiological level, and personality pathology, operationalized through the Level of Personality Functioning (LPF), in a sample of early adolescent females (Mage  = 12.21 years old, SD = 1.21)...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to find the proportion of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children with childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and to describe their electroclinical features. METHODS: Video electroencephalography (EEG) was performed on 47 children who fulfilled International League Against Epilepsy criteria for CAE. These children were also assessed for the presence of ADHD. RESULTS: Of the 47 children, 27 (57%) met criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD...

PURPOSE: This study reported the first case of Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome (KTS) in China and reviewed the literature of the reported cases. METHODS: This patient was registered at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The patient's symptoms and treatments were recorded in detail, and the patient was monitored for six years. We employed a combination of the following search terms and Boolean operators in our search strategy: Kohlschütter-Tönz syndrome, KTS, and ROGDI...

Genetic mutations are increasingly recognized as etiologic factors for epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders. Loss of function mutations in STXBP1, one of such genes, has, in recent years, been demonstrated to cause a broad spectrum of epilepsy syndromes and chronic neurodisabilities. Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (STXBP1) is a well-recognized membrane trafficking protein responsible for synaptic transmission and is expressed ubiquitously across the brain. Our case series presents the neurodevelopmental phenotype of children with STXBP1 mutations and is the first to be reported in an Emirati patient cohort...

Neurofeedback, utilizing an electroencephalogram (EEG) and/or a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) device, is a real-time measurement of brain activity directed toward controlling and optimizing brain function. This treatment has often been attributed to improvements in disorders such as ADHD, anxiety, depression, and epilepsy, among others. While there is evidence suggesting the efficacy of neurofeedback devices, the research is still inconclusive. The applicability of the measurements and parameters of consumer neurofeedback wearable devices has improved, but the literature on measurement techniques lacks rigorously controlled trials...

How to discriminate the comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population has long been an intriguing and challenging issue in neuroscience and neurology practices. Taking attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for example, electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis has alleviated the problem caused by the task of evaluation of similar behaviors of subjects with ASD, ADHD and ASD+ADHD, which requires a very high expertise to reach any concrete conclusions. However, the performance of ASD comorbidity discrimination is still limited by two major difficulties 1) crucial EEG features regarding ASD and ASD+ADHD largely overlap, and 2) reliable data for model training are routinely insufficient...

Accurately measuring nonlinear effective connectivity is a crucial step in investigating brain functions. Brain signals like EEG is nonstationary. Many effective connectivity methods have been proposed but they have drawbacks in their models such as a weakness in proposing a way for hyperparameter and time lag selection as well as dealing with non-stationarity of the time series. This paper proposes an effective connectivity model based on a hybrid neural network model which uses Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) and a long short-term memory network (LSTM)...