Susceptibility

Infectious diseases pose a formidable global challenge, compounded by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, researchers are actively exploring novel antimicrobial compounds as potential solutions. This endeavor underscores the pivotal role of methods employed for screening and evaluating antimicrobial activity-a critical step in discovery and characterization of antimicrobial agents. While traditional techniques such as well-diffusion, disk-diffusion, and broth-dilution are commonly utilized in antimicrobial assays, they may encounter limitations concerning reproducibility and speed...

Genome-wide association studies have revealed >270 loci associated with schizophrenia risk, yet these genetic factors do not seem to be sufficient to fully explain the molecular determinants behind this psychiatric condition. Epigenetic marks such as post-translational histone modifications remain largely plastic during development and adulthood, allowing a dynamic impact of environmental factors, including antipsychotic medications, on access to genes and regulatory elements. However, few studies so far have profiled cell-specific genome-wide histone modifications in postmortem brain samples from schizophrenia subjects, or the effect of antipsychotic treatment on such epigenetic marks...

PURPOSE: The lamina cribrosa (LC) depends on the sclera for support. The support must be provided through the LC insertions. Although a continuous insertion over the whole LC periphery is often assumed, LC insertions are actually discrete locations where LC collagenous beams meet the sclera. We hypothesized that LC insertions vary in number, size, and shape by quadrant and depth. METHODS: Coronal cryosections through the full LCs from six healthy monkey eyes were imaged using instant polarized light microscopy...

Actin filaments and their associated actin-binding proteins (ABPs) play key roles in plant innate immune signaling. CAP1, or cyclase-associated protein 1, is an important regulatory factor of the actin cytoskeleton-associated signaling network, and was hypothesized here to be involved in resistance against wheat stripe rust because TaCAP1 expression was up-regulated in response to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Down regulation of TaCAP1 expression led to decreased resistance against Pst, in contrast to increased resistance upon TaCAP1 overexpressing, as demonstrated by the changes of phenotypes and hyphal growth...

Patients with burn injury and inhalation injury are highly susceptible to infectious complications, including opportunistic pathogens, due to the loss of skin cover and mucosal damage of respiratory tract as well as the disruption of homeostasis. This case report, a 34-year-old man suffered critical burns, provides the first literature description of triple-impact immunoparalysis (critical burns, inhalation injury, and SARS-CoV-2 infection), leading to a lethal multifocal infection caused by several fungi including very rare environmental representatives Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Wickerhamomyces anomalus...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria is common in dogs leading to serious health impact in pet animal as well as on human health. Understanding the prevalent uropathogens and their drug susceptibility is essential for limiting the antimicrobial resistance through implementation of stewardship policies. In view of this, present study was envisaged to determine the prevalent bacterial uropathogens and their antibiogram from clinical cases of canine UTI. Urine samples were collected from 35 dogs presented with clinical signs of UTI and a total of 27 bacterial isolates were recovered...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine anomalies among females of reproductive age, highlighted by hyperandrogenism. PCOS is multifactorial as it can be associated with obesity, insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, and dyslipidemia. PCOS also leads to dysbiosis by lowering microbial diversity and beneficial microbes, such as Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Akkermenisa, and Bifidobacterium, and by causing a higher load of opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia/Shigella, Fusobacterium, Bilophila, and Sutterella...

BACKGROUND: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare, life-threatening disorder of calcium homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells that is triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine, leading to a hypermetabolic reaction. The pathogenic ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene variant is critical. Patients susceptible to MH should avoid triggering agents, and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is preferred. Remimazolam is safe in patients with suspected MH. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the first case of remimazolam treatment in a genetically confirmed patient with MH without MH development...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the profile of organisms causing neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in recent years. METHODS: In this prospective study, authors included neonates with blood culture proven sepsis. Antibiotic resistance patterns that were identified were extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and possible carbapenamase producer. Xpert CARBA-R test was performed to identify genes causing carbapenem resistance. RESULTS: There were 210 neonates with 216 episodes of blood culture proven sepsis...

RATIONALE: Patients with schizophrenia with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) treatment have shown an increased risk of bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture; however, it is still unclear whether this risk is derived from the effect of antipsychotics on balance of bone metabolism. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the changes of two bone turnover biomarkers (BTMs) concentrations in people with schizophrenia receiving SGAs: procollagen type I aminoterminal propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) as BTMs of osteogenesis and bone resorption, respectively, to explore how antipsychotics contribute to bone fragility...

Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the primary treatment for ischemic stroke. However, rtPA treatment can substantially increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and susceptibility to hemorrhagic transformation. Herein, the mechanism underlying the side effects of rtPA treatment is investigated and demonstrated that ferroptosis plays an important role. The ferroptosis inhibitor, liproxstatin-1 (Lip) is proposed to alleviate the side effects. A well-designed macrocyclic carrier, glucose-modified azocalix[4]arene (GluAC4A), is prepared to deliver Lip to the ischemic site...

UNLABELLED: Biofilms within drinking water distribution systems serve as a habitat for drinking water microorganisms. However, biofilms can negatively impact drinking water quality by causing water discoloration and deterioration and can be a reservoir for unwanted microorganisms. In this study, we investigated whether indicator organisms for drinking water quality, such as coliforms, can settle in mature drinking water biofilms. Therefore, a biofilm monitor consisting of glass rings was used to grow and sample drinking water biofilms...

BACKGROUND: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) is a public health priority due to the rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistance, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the absence of a vaccine against Ng. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and resistance (R) or reduced susceptibility (DS) of Ng cases to ceftriaxone (CRO), azithromycin (AZM), tetracycline (TET), benzylpenicillin (PenG), ciprofloxacin (CIP) over a 10-year period. METHODS: Retrospective analysis on an open cohort of Ng cases diagnosed on rectal, urethral and pharyngeal samples at San Raffaele Scientific Institute, between September 2012-February 2023...

OBJECTIVE: Magnetic resonance imaging can detect neurodegenerative iron accumulation in the motor cortex, called the motor band sign. This study aims to evaluate its sensitivity/specificity and correlations to symptomatology, biomarkers, and clinical outcome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS: This prospective study consecutively enrolled 114 persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 79 mimics referred to Karolinska University Hospital, and also 31 healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: Pharmacokinetics of amikacin administered IV to neonatal foals are described, but little data are available regarding the plasma concentrations contributed by concurrent intra-articular (IA) administration. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Compare the pharmacokinetics of amikacin when the total dose is administered IV compared to being divided between IV and IA routes of administration in neonatal foals and predict the plasma concentrations from various combined IV and IA dosing regimens...

Sperm cryopreservation is one of the main methods for preserving rooster sperm for artificial insemination (AI) in commercial flocks. Yet, rooster sperm is extremely susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the freezing process. Oxidative stress could be prevented by using nanoparticles containing antioxidants. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) in rooster semen freezing extender on quality parameters and fertility potential. For this aim, semen samples were collected and diluted in Lake extenders as follows: control: Lake without ZnONP, ZnO100: Lake with 100-μg zinc oxide (ZnO), ZnONP50: Lake with 50-μg ZnONP, ZnONP100: Lake with 100-μg ZnONP and ZnONP200: Lake with 200-μg ZnONP...

INTRODUCTION: The objective was to investigate the correlation between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the development of benign thyroid lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 29 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 133 cases of thyroid adenoma, and 34 cases of HT with thyroid adenoma paraffin embedded tissue samples were used for EBV and HPV quantitative detection. RESULTS: None of the tissue samples carried HPV DNA...

This study aimed to provide data for the clinical features of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the molecular characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from pediatric patients in China. We conducted a multi-center prospective study for IPD in 19 hospitals across China from January 2019 to December 2021. Data of demographic characteristics, risk factors for IPD, death, and disability was collected and analyzed. Serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of pneumococcal isolates were also detected...

Citrus canker, a highly contagious bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri ( Xcc ), poses a substantial threat to citrus crops, leading to serious reductions in fruit yield and economic losses. Most commonly used bactericides against Xcc lead to the rapid development of resistant subpopulations. Therefore, it is imperative to create novel drugs, such as type III secretion system (T3SS) inhibitors, that specifically target bacterial virulence factors rather than bacterial viability. In our study, we designed and synthesized a series of mandelic acid derivatives including 2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiazole...

This study aimed to review hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) in the dairy industry for the production of yogurt. The food safety management system (FSMS) was implemented over the last several decades with several amendments. The need for practical and proactive procedures in the dairy industry was identified so that HACCP implementation could ensure that consumers would always have safe food. The concept of HACCP is a systemic and science-based method that can result in safe dairy products such as yogurt based on the complete analysis of manufacturing processes, recognition of hazards potentially present at all stages of production, and risk prevention...