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Daryn E Erickson, Kyle M Simmons, Zachary A Barrand, Chase L Ridenour, Paige B Hawkinson, Lacey Lemke, Shayne P Sellner, Breezy N Brock, Alexis N Rivas, Krystal Sheridan, Darrin Lemmer, Hayley D Yaglom, W Tanner Porter, Monique Belanger, Rachel M Torrey, Aidan James R Stills, Kiley McCormack, Matt Black, Wydale Holmes, Drew Rostain, Jeremy Mikus, Kimberly Sotelo, Emmen Haq, Reshma Neupane, Joli Weiss, Jasmine Johnson, Clancey Collins, Sarah Avalle, Chelsi White, Brandon J Howard, Sara A Maltinsky, Ryann N Whealy, Nathaniel B Gordon, Jason W Sahl, Talima Pearson, Viacheslav Y Fofanov, Tara Furstenau, Elizabeth M Driebe, J Gregory Caporaso, Jarrett Barber, Joel Terriquez, David M Engelthaler, Crystal M Hepp
BACKGROUND: Most seasonally circulating enteroviruses result in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections. In rare cases, however, infection with some subtypes can result in paralysis or death. Of the 300 subtypes known, only poliovirus is reportable, limiting our understanding of the distribution of other enteroviruses that can cause clinical disease. OBJECTIVE: The overarching objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the distribution of enteroviruses in Arizona during the late summer and fall of 2022, the time of year when they are thought to be most abundant, and 2) demonstrate the utility of viral pan-assay approaches for semi-agnostic discovery that can be followed up by more targeted assays and phylogenomics...
March 20, 2024: medRxiv
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margarida Pires Simoes, Emma B Hodcroft, Peter Simmonds, Jan Albert, Enagon K Alidjinou, Katia Ambert-Balay, Cristina Andrés, Andrés Antón, Christelle Auvray, Jean-Luc Bailly, Fausto Baldanti, Capser Bastings, Stuart Beard, Carla Berengua Pereira, Natasa Berginc, Mandy Bloemen, Soile Blomqvist, Froukje Bosma, Sindy Böttcher, Laura Bubba, Stafan Buderus, Maria Cabrerizo, Christina Calvo, Christina Celma, Ferruccio Ceriotti, Gemma Clark, Inës Costa, Marianne Coste-Burel, Karen Couderé, Jeroen Cremer, Margarita Del Cuerpo Casas, Theo Daehne, Jessica de Beer, Maria de Ceano-Vivas, Cillian De Gascun, Alexis de Rougemont, Johnathan Dean, Jennifer L Dembinski, Sabine Diedrich, Javier Diez-Domingo, Lena Dillner, Dagny H Dorenberg, Alexandra Ducancelle, Susanne Dudman, Robert Dyrdak, Anna-Maria Eis-Huebinger, Iker Falces-Romero, Agnes Farkas, Susan Feeney, Maria D Fernandez-Garcia, Jacky Flipse, Kristina T Franck, Cristina Galli, Isabelle Garrigue, Felix Geeraedts, Irina Georgieva, Federica Giardina, Raquel Guiomar, Elenor Hauzenberger, Esther Heikens, Cécille Henquell, Didier Hober, Amrio Hönemann, Hannah Howson-Wells, Željka Hruškar, Niina Ikonen, Berthemarie Imbert, Arjan R Jansz, Marion Jeannoël, Helena Jiřincová, Laurence Josset, Kathrin Keeren, Naomie Kramer-Lindhout, Sidsel Krokstad, Mouna Lazrek, Hélène Le Guillou-Guillemette, Caroline Lefeuvre, Andreas Lind, Maja M Lunar, Melanie Maier, Stéphanie Marque-Juillet, C Patrick McClure, James McKenna, Adam Meijer, Ana Menasalvas Ruiz, Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá, Sofie Midgley, Audrey Mirand, Richard Molenkamp, Milagrosa Montes, Antonio Moreno-Docón, Ursula Morley, Jean-Luc Murk, Ana Navascués-Ortega, Roel Nijhuis, Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb, Svein A Nordbø, Sanela Numanovic, Massimo Oggioni, Eider Oñate Vergara, Jordi Pacaud, Marie L Pacreau, Marcus Panning, Elena Pariani, Lili Pekova, Laura Pellegrinelli, Miroslav Petrovec, Corinna Pietsch, Léa Pilorge, Luis Piñeiro, Antonio Piralla, Mario Poljak, Birgit Prochazka, Nuria Rabella, Janette C Rahamat-Langendoen, Petra Rainetova, Marijke Reynders, Annelies Riezebos-Brilman, Lieuwe Roorda, Carita Savolainen-Kopra, Isabelle Schuffenecker, Leo C Smeets, Ayse Stoyanova, Karl Stefic, Caroline Swanink, Irena Tabain, Jeroen Tjhie, Luc Thouault, Camille Tumiotto, Sara Uceda Renteria, Tina Uršič, Sophie Vallet, Marc Van Ranst, Peter Van Wunnik, Jaco J Verweij, Jorgina Vila, Bas Wintermans, Elke Wollants, Katja C Wolthers, F Xavier López-Labrado, Thea Kolsen Fischer, Heli Harvala, Kimberley S M Benschop
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections are associated with severe respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network (ENPEN) aimed to investigate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of EV-D68 and its clinical impact during the fall-winter season of 2021/22. From 19 European countries, 58 institutes reported 10,481 (6.8%) EV-positive samples of which 1,004 (9.6%) were identified as EV-D68 (852 respiratory samples). Clinical data was reported for 969 cases...
March 28, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#3
REVIEW
Serigne Fallou Wade, Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara, Babacar Ngom, Fatou Thiam, Ndongo Dia
Acute respiratory viruses (ARVs) are the leading cause of diseases in humans worldwide. High-risk individuals, including children and the elderly, could potentially develop severe illnesses that could result in hospitalization or death in the worst case. The most common ARVs are the Human respiratory syncytial virus, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Parainfluenza Virus, rhinovirus, coronaviruses (including SARS and MERS CoV), adenoviruses, Human Bocavirus, enterovirus (-D68 and 71), and influenza viruses. The olfactory deficits due to ARV infection are a common symptom among patients...
March 7, 2024: Microorganisms
#4
Nooran AbuMazen, Vivian Chu, Manjot Hunjan, Briallen Lobb, Sojin Lee, Marcia Kurs-Lasky, John V Williams, William MacDonald, Monika Johnson, Jeremy A Hirota, Nader Shaikh, Andrew C Doxey
UNLABELLED: Acute sinusitis (AS) is the fifth leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions in children. Distinguishing bacterial AS from common viral upper respiratory infections in children is crucial to prevent unnecessary antibiotic use but is challenging with current diagnostic methods. Despite its speed and cost, untargeted RNA sequencing of clinical samples from children with suspected AS has the potential to overcome several limitations of other methods. However, the utility of sequencing-based approaches in analysis of AS has not been fully explored...
March 4, 2024: medRxiv
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kota Senpuku, Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura, Yuta Kunishima, Toshiro Hirai, Yasuo Yoshioka
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a pathogen that causes respiratory symptoms, mainly in children, has been implicated in acute flaccid myelitis, which is a poliomyelitis-like paralysis. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or treatments for EV-D68 infections. Here, we investigated the optimal viral inactivation reagents, vaccine adjuvants, and route of vaccination in mice to optimize an inactivated whole-virion (WV) vaccine against EV-D68. We used formalin, β-propiolactone (BPL), and hydrogen peroxide as viral inactivation reagents and compared their effects on antibody responses...
March 11, 2024: Vaccine
#6
REVIEW
Kevin Messacar, Shannon Matzinger, Kevin Berg, Kirsten Weisbeck, Molly Butler, Nicholas Pysnack, Hai Nguyen-Tran, Emily Spence Davizon, Laura Bankers, Sarah A Jung, Meghan Birkholz, Allison Wheeler, Samuel R Dominguez
Surveillance for emerging pathogens is critical for developing early warning systems to guide preparedness efforts for future outbreaks of associated disease. To better define the epidemiology and burden of associated respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), as well as to provide actionable data for public health interventions, we developed a multimodal surveillance program in Colorado, USA, for enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). Timely local, state, and national public health outreach was possible because prospective syndromic surveillance for AFM and asthma-like respiratory illness, prospective clinical laboratory surveillance for EV-D68 among children hospitalized with respiratory illness, and retrospective wastewater surveillance led to early detection of the 2022 outbreak of EV-D68 among Colorado children...
March 2024: Emerging Infectious Diseases
#7
Marine Rodesch, Claudine Sculier, Valentina Lolli, Gauthier Remiche, Iris Delpire, Christophe Fricx, Françoise Vermeulen, Florence Christiaens
INTRODUCTION: We describe the first case of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) related to enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infection in Belgium. The clinical and radiological presentation of AFM associated with EV-D68 although well described currently remains a challenging diagnosis. Through this interesting clinical case, we aimed to review the differential diagnosis of acute flaccid palsy in a child and discuss the specific point of interest related to AFM. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 4-year-old girl with a torticollis associated with an acute palsy of the right upper limb...
2024: Case Reports in Neurology
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Avinash G Vishakantegowda, Dasom Hwang, Prashant Chakrasali, Eunhye Jung, Joo-Youn Lee, Jin Soo Shin, Young-Sik Jung
Human rhinoviruses (hRVs) cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections and exacerbate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. hRVs comprise more than 160 strains with considerable genetic variation. Their high diversity and strain-specific interactions with antisera hinder the development of anti-hRV therapeutic agents. Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ) is a key enzyme in the phosphoinositide signalling pathway that is crucial for the replication and survival of various viruses...
February 21, 2024: RSC medicinal chemistry
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erin R Whitehouse, Adriana Lopez, Randall English, Halle Getachew, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Brian Emery, Shannon Rogers, Sarah Kidd
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a serious neurologic condition primarily affecting children; AFM can cause acute respiratory failure and permanent paralysis. AFM is a rare but known complication of various viral infections, particularly those of enteroviruses (EVs). Increases in AFM cases during 2014, 2016, and 2018 were associated with EV-D68 infection. This report examines trends in confirmed AFM cases during 2018-2022 and patients' clinical and laboratory characteristics. The number of AFM cases was low during 2019-2022 (28-47 cases per year); the number of cases remained low in 2022 despite evidence of increased EV-D68 circulation in the United States...
February 1, 2024: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Siyu Shen, Haoran Guo, Yan Li, Lili Zhang, Yubin Tang, Huili Li, Xiaohan Li, Pei-Hui Wang, Xiao-Fang Yu, Wei Wei
Pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory programmed cell death, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 and other viral diseases. Gasdermin family proteins (GSDMs), including GSDMD and GSDME, are key regulators of pyroptotic cell death. However, the mechanisms by which virus infection modulates pyroptosis remain unclear. Here, we employed a mCherry-GSDMD fluorescent reporter assay to screen for viral proteins that impede the localization and function of GSDMD in living cells. Our data indicated that the main protease NSP5 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) blocked GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis via cleaving residues Q29 and Q193 of GSDMD...
January 30, 2024: Journal of Virology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seigo Korematsu, Takao Fujisawa, Naruo Saito, Junichiro Tezuka, Katsushi Miura, Ichiro Kobayashi, Ippei Miyata, Yujiro Kosugi, Yuji Gohda, Yumi Koike, Ami Suda, Akiko Matsuo, Michiyo Sasaki, Yousuke Handa, Michimasa Fujiwara, Atsushi Ono, Shinya Koizumi, Taku Oishi, Takayuki Tanaka, Yusuke Ando, Naohiko Taba, Yuki Tsurinaga, Takeshi Sato, Rei Kanai, Masato Yashiro, Toshiyuki Takagi, Shinya Hida, Masashi Harazaki, Takayuki Hoshina, Seigo Okada, Motoko Yasutomi, Setsuko Nakata, Ayako Muto, Saori Tanabe, Yutaka Ueda, Shunji Hasegawa, Makoto Kameda, Keiko Tanaka-Taya, Tsuguto Fujimoto, Kenji Okada
BACKGROUND: Acute asthma exacerbation in children is often caused by respiratory infections. In this study, a coordinated national surveillance system for acute asthma hospitalizations and causative respiratory infections was established. We herein report recent trends in pediatric acute asthma hospitalizations since the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. METHODS: Thirty-three sentinel hospitals in Japan registered all of their hospitalized pediatric asthma patients and their causal pathogens...
January 2024: Clinical and Translational Allergy
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fei Li, Rou-Jian Lu, Yu-Han Zhang, Peng Shi, Yuan-Yun Ao, Lin-Feng Cao, Yu-Lan Zhang, Wen-Jie Tan, Jun Shen
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging pathogen that has caused outbreaks of severe respiratory disease worldwide, especially in children. We aim to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of EV-D68 in children from Shanghai. Nasopharyngeal swab or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples collected from children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia were screened for EV-D68. Nine of 3997 samples were EV-D68-positive. Seven of nine positive samples were sequenced and submitted to GenBank...
January 25, 2024: Scientific Reports
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brigitta M Laksono, Syriam Sooksawasdi Na Ayudhya, Muriel Aguilar-Bretones, Carmen W E Embregts, Gijsbert P van Nierop, Debby van Riel
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is predominantly associated with mild respiratory infections, but can also cause severe respiratory disease and extra-respiratory complications, including acute flaccid myelitis. Systemic dissemination of EV-D68 is crucial for the development of extra-respiratory diseases, but it is currently unclear how EV-D68 spreads systemically (viremia). We hypothesize that immune cells contribute to the systemic dissemination of EV-D68, as this is a mechanism commonly used by other enteroviruses...
January 23, 2024: MSphere
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaohan Li, Haoran Guo, Jiaxin Yang, Xize Liu, Huili Li, Wanying Yang, Lili Zhang, Yan Li, Wei Wei
Following the successful control of poliovirus, the re-emergence of respiratory enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a prominent non-polio enterovirus, has become a serious public health concern worldwide. Host innate immune responses are the primary defense against EV-D68 invasion; however, the mechanism underlying viral evasion of the antiviral activity of interferons (IFN) remains unclear. In this study, we found that EV-D68 inhibited type I IFN signaling by cleaving signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), a crucial factor in cellular responses to interferons and other cytokines...
January 19, 2024: Journal of Virology
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tatsuki Ikuse, Yuta Aizawa, Ryotaro Kachikawa, Kazuhiro Kamata, Hidekazu Osada, Su Mon Kyaw Win, Lasham Di Ja, Nay Chi Win, Khin Nyo Thein, Aye Thida, Aye Tun, Ai Ito, Yadanar Kyaw, Htay Htay Tin, Yugo Shobugawa, Hisami Watanabe, Reiko Saito, Akihiko Saitoh
BACKGROUND: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an important reemerging pathogen that causes severe acute respiratory infection and acute flaccid paralysis, mainly in children. Since 2014, EV-D68 outbreaks have been reported in the United States, Europe, and east Asia; however, no outbreaks have been reported in southeast Asian countries, including Myanmar, during the previous 10 years. METHODS: EV-D68 was detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from children with acute lower respiratory infections in Myanmar...
January 5, 2024: Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annabel Rector, Mandy Bloemen, Marijn Thijssen, Bram Pussig, Kurt Beuselinck, Marc Van Ranst, Elke Wollants
In a 2-year study in Leuven, Belgium, we investigated the use of wastewater sampling to assess community spread of respiratory viruses. Comparison with the number of positive clinical samples demonstrated that wastewater data reflected circulation levels of typical seasonal respiratory viruses, such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and enterovirus D68.
January 2024: Emerging Infectious Diseases
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sang Woo Park, Kevin Messacar, Daniel C Douek, Alicen B Spaulding, C Jessica E Metcalf, Bryan T Grenfell
Recent outbreaks of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections, and their causal linkage with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), continue to pose a serious public health concern. During 2020 and 2021, the dynamics of EV-D68 and other pathogens have been significantly perturbed by non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19; this perturbation presents a powerful natural experiment for exploring the dynamics of these endemic infections. In this study, we analyzed publicly available data on EV-D68 infections, originally collected through the New Vaccine Surveillance Network, to predict their short- and long-term dynamics following the COVID-19 interventions...
December 18, 2023: Epidemics
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Li Lin, Pei-Yun Cheng, Chiao-Li Chin, Kuan-Ting Chuang, Jing-Yi Lin, Ning Chang, Chun-Kei Pan, Cheng-Sheng Lin, Siao-Cian Pan, Bor-Luen Chiang
BACKGROUND: Human enteroviruses A71 (EV-A71) and D68 (EV-D68) are the suspected causative agents of hand-foot-and-mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid myelitis, and acute flaccid paralysis in children. Until now, no cure nor mucosal vaccine existed for EV-A71 and EV-D68. Novel mucosal bivalent vaccines are highly important for preventing EV-A71 and EV-D68 infections. METHODS: In this study, formalin-inactivated EV-A71 and EV-D68 were used as antigens, while PS-G, a polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, was used as an adjuvant...
December 18, 2023: Journal of Biomedical Science
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer S Doherty, Karla Kirkegaard
Most protease-targeted antiviral development evaluates the ability of small molecules to inhibit the cleavage of artificial substrates. However, before they can cleave any other substrates, viral proteases need to cleave themselves out of the viral polyprotein in which they have been translated. This can occur either intra- or inter-molecularly. Whether this process occurs intra- or inter-molecularly has implications for the potential for precursors to accumulate and for the effectiveness of antiviral drugs...
December 4, 2023: Journal of Virology
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenlong Dai, Xue Li, Zeyu Liu, Chao Zhang
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging respiratory pathogen associated with acute flaccid myelitis. Currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. Here, we report four functionally independent neutralizing antigenic sites (I to IV) by analyses of neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb)-resistant mutants. Site I is located in the VP1 BC loop near the fivefold axis. Site II resides in the VP2 EF loop, and site III is situated in VP1 C-terminus; both sites are located at the south rim of the canyon...
December 4, 2023: Journal of Virology
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