keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38401643/the-mobility-of-the-brachycephalic-canine-nostril-in-relation-to-the-degree-of-nostril-stenosis
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C A T Sharp, N-C Liu, A Guy, J F Ladlow
Previous studies have shown that the most reliable external conformational risk factor of whether a brachycephalic dog will develop Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is the status of nostril stenosis, assessed as a static observation using the brachycephalic nostril grading scheme. The nostrils however are a dynamic structure, opening further when the dog is exercising, sniffing or panting. The hypothesis of this study was that brachycephalic dogs with open or mildly stenotic nostrils are more likely to have nostril mobility whilst dogs with moderately or severely stenotic nostrils are more likely to have immobile nostrils...
February 22, 2024: Veterinary Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393093/respiratory-effects-of-continuous-positive-airway-pressure-administered-during-recovery-from-general-anesthesia-in-brachycephalic-dogs
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caterina Vicenti, Pablo E Otero, Angela Briganti, Vincenzo Rondelli, Marzia Stabile, Claudia Piemontese, Antonio Crovace, Luca Lacitignola, Francesco Staffieri
This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of applying 5 cmH2 O of CPAP using a pediatric helmet during the recovery phase from general anesthesia in brachycephalic dogs. Brachycephalic dogs undergoing various surgical procedures were included in this study, and a total of 64 subjects were randomly assigned to receive either standard oxygen supplementation (NO-CPAP group) or oxygen supplementation combined with CPAP (CPAP group). This study evaluated arterial blood pH, blood gas partial pressures of O2 and CO2 , arterial blood O2 saturation, and related parameters during recovery...
February 6, 2024: Veterinary Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379259/-all-i-do-is-fight-fires-qualitative-exploration-of-uk-veterinarians-attitudes-towards-and-experiences-of-pre-purchase-consultations-regarding-brachycephalic-dogs
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lauren Pound, Michelle Farrow, Dan O'Neill, David J Deane, Rowena M A Packer
BACKGROUND: Demand for brachycephalic dogs has dramatically increased over the past decade, despite growing evidence of strong associations between brachycephaly and severe, chronic disease. Positive post-purchase attitudes of owners towards brachycephalic dogs are highly intractable, facilitated by normalisation of breed-related disease and strong dog-owner bonds. Veterinarian-led pre-purchase consultations (PPCs) have been promoted as an opportunity to influence acquisition decisions regarding brachycephalic dogs...
February 20, 2024: Veterinary Record
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379246/64-slice-ecg-gated-computed-tomographic-angiography-for-assessment-of-coronary-arteries-in-brachycephalic-dogs-with-pulmonary-stenosis
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clay Hallman, Ryan Baumwart, Ruth Mackenzie Hallman
BACKGROUND: Brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis are known to have a higher incidence of concurrent coronary artery abnormalities than non-brachycephalic breeds, which increases risk when performing balloon valvuloplasty. The use of ECG-gated CT angiography has been reported for the evaluation of coronary arteries in normal dogs and dogs with pulmonary stenosis. The purpose of this study was to report findings of coronary artery origination and morphology of main branches using ECG-gated CT angiography in brachycephalic dogs with pulmonary stenosis...
February 20, 2024: Veterinary Record
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358051/evaluation-of-risk-factors-for-sleep-disordered-breathing-in-dogs
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iida Niinikoski, Sari-Leena Himanen, Mirja Tenhunen, Mimma Aromaa, Liisa Lilja-Maula, Minna M Rajamäki
BACKGROUND: Brachycephalic dogs display sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The risk factors for SDB remain unknown. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for SDB. We hypothesized that brachycephaly, increasing severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), excess weight, and aging predispose to SDB. ANIMALS: Sixty-three privately owned pet dogs were prospectively recruited: 28 brachycephalic and 35 normocephalic (mesaticephalic or dolicocephalic) dogs...
February 15, 2024: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38338115/the-differences-in-radiographic-vertebral-size-in-dogs-with-different-chest-and-skull-types
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amonsiri Phansangiemjit, Kamolphatra Kasemjiwat, Krit Patchanee, Yossapat Panninvong, Ana Sunisarud, Nan Choisunirachon, Chutimon Thanaboonnipat
The objective of this study was to elucidate the differences in vertebral length, vertebral height, and vertebral length/height ratio of the fourth thoracic vertebra (T4), the second lumbar vertebra (L2), the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) based on radiographs in dogs with various body sizes, skull types, and thoracic conformations and to determine the relationships of these parameters with age and sex. A total of 258 dogs were included in this study and classified by three criteria-BW (Criterion 1), skull type (Criterion 2), and thoracic conformation (Criterion 3)...
January 31, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38320399/arterial-blood-gas-measurements-are-different-for-brachycephalic-and-nonbrachycephalic-dogs-acclimatized-to-an-altitude-of-1-535-meters
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charles T Talbot, Kristin M Zersen, Billy Poon, Kelly S Santangelo, A Russell Moore, Amanda A Cavanagh
OBJECTIVE: To define reference intervals (RIs) for arterial blood gas (aBG) measurements in healthy, nonsedated, dolichocephalic, and mesocephalic (nonbrachycephalic) dogs at approximately 1,535 m above sea level and compare these findings with healthy, nonsedated, brachycephalic dogs living at the same altitude. ANIMALS: 120 adult nonbrachycephalic dogs and 20 adult brachycephalic dogs. METHODS: Cases were prospectively enrolled from October 2021 to June 2022...
February 10, 2024: American Journal of Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38302530/longevity-of-companion-dog-breeds-those-at-risk-from-early-death
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirsten M McMillan, Jon Bielby, Carys L Williams, Melissa M Upjohn, Rachel A Casey, Robert M Christley
The companion dog is one of the most phenotypically diverse species. Variability between breeds extends not only to morphology and aspects of behaviour, but also to longevity. Despite this fact, little research has been devoted to assessing variation in life expectancy between breeds or evaluating the potential for phylogenetic characterisation of longevity. Using a dataset of 584,734 unique dogs located within the UK, including 284,734 deceased, we present variation in longevity estimates within the following: parental lineage (purebred = 1 breed, crossbred ≥ 2 breeds), breed (n = 155), body size (large, medium, small), sex (male, female) and cephalic index (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, dolichocephalic)...
February 1, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38279708/computed-tomography-features-and-prevalence-of-focal-diaphragmatic-mineralization-in-300-dogs
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alejandro Ororbia, Marc Orts-Porcar, Caroline Fina, Carlo Anselmi
A focal area of mineral attenuation is commonly observed in the diaphragmatic crura of canine patients undergoing a thoracic CT. There is no mention of this finding in either the human or veterinary medicine literature. This retrospective study evaluates 300 canine thoracic CT studies with the aim of describing the CT appearance of this finding and establishing a prevalence in a large cohort of dogs. The presence of the mineral focus and its CT characteristics, including length, attenuation, and appearance, were recorded and correlated with the patient's signalments and anamnesis...
January 27, 2024: Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38254367/breed-specific-skull-morphology-reveals-insights-into-canine-optic-chiasm-positioning-and-orbital-structure-through-3d-ct-scan-analysis
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoichiro Ichikawa, Nobuyuki Kanemaki, Kazutaka Kanai
This study's CT scan-based morphometric analysis of 50 adult dogs explored the relationship between skull shape variations (determined by the skull index, SI), optic chiasm, optic canals, and orbital shape. Dogs were classified as brachycephalic (SI ≥ 59), mesocephalic (SI ≥ 51 but <59), and dolichocephalic (SI < 51). No significant age or weight differences were observed. Skull lengths (brachycephalic: 11.39 ± 1.76 cm, mesocephalic: 15.00 ± 2.96 cm, dolichocephalic: 17.96 ± 3...
January 7, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38251055/variability-of-the-cervical-branch-depending-on-the-facial-nerve-branching-pattern-and-anthropometric-type-of-the-head
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angela Babuci, Victor Palarie, Ilia Catereniuc, Zinovia Zorina, Sergiu Visnevschi, Diana Heimes, Sofia Lehtman, Peer W Kämmerer
(1) Background: Considering that the specialty literature supplies only general data about the variability of the cervical branch of the facial nerve, this study aimed to determine this branch's variation and individual peculiarities depending on the nerve branching pattern and anthropometric type of the head. (2) Methods: The study was conducted on 75 hemifaces of adult formalized cadavers. Ahead of anatomical dissection, each head was measured to establish the anthropometric type, according to Franco and colleagues...
January 4, 2024: Neurology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38229091/shih-tzu-dogs-show-alterations-in-ocular-surface-homeostasis-despite-adequate-aqueous-tear-production
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebeca Costa Vitor, Jamille Bispo de Carvalho Teixeira, Katharine Costa Dos Santos, Gabriela Mota Sena de Oliveira, Paula Elisa Brandão Guedes, Anaiá da Paixão Sevá, Deusdete Conceição Gomes Junior, Jéssica Fontes Veloso, Renata Santiago Alberto Carlos
BACKGROUND: Shih-Tzu dogs are frequently affected by ocular surface disorders such as corneal ulceration and dry eye disease (DED). The aim of this study was to evaluate ocular surface homeostasis in Shih-Tzu dogs that have adequate aqueous production. Twenty-eight dogs were subjected to eyelid blink counting, Schirmer tear test (STT-1), ophthalmic evaluation, tear film break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein test and Masmali tear ferning (TF) grading scale. RESULTS: Of the 28 animals evaluated, the median value of incomplete eyelid blinks/min (median = 15...
January 17, 2024: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38169085/the-shih-tzu-eye-ophthalmic-findings-of-1000-eyes
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seyed Mehdi Rajaei, Houman Faghihi, Fatemeh Zahirinia
PURPOSE: To evaluate the frequency of ophthalmic disorders in Shih Tzus. ANIMALS: Five hundred client-owned Shih Tzu dogs (1000 eyes). PROCEDURES: Medical records of 500 Shih Tzu dogs were reviewed and ophthalmic examination data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: In total, out of 1000 eyes, 964 (96.4%; OD: 480 eyes, OS: 484 eyes) had at least one ophthalmic abnormality, and only 36 eyes (3.6%; OD: 20 eyes, OS: 16 eyes) were diagnosed as normal...
January 3, 2024: Veterinary Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38101946/the-relationship-between-corneal-calcareous-degeneration-and-various-ophthalmic-diseases-in-dogs-a-retrospective-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dajeong Jeong, Seonmi Kang, Eunji Lee, Kangmoon Seo
OBJECTIVE: To investigate ocular factors that influence the development of corneal calcareous degeneration (CCD) in dogs. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURES: The medical records of 96 eyes of dogs with CCD and 288 eyes without CCD were retrospectively reviewed. Dogs with evidence of causative systemic illness associated with CCD were excluded from the study. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the ocular factors associated with the development of CCD. To identify the effect of phosphate-containing eyedrops on CCD, the application periods of phosphate-containing antiglaucoma eyedrops were compared between the glaucomatous eyes in the CCD and non-CCD groups...
December 15, 2023: Veterinary Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38098995/prevalence-of-root-fusion-in-canine-maxillary-second-molar-teeth-using-cone-beam-computed-tomography
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristin Linder, Scott MacGee, Loren Schultz
This study evaluated the prevalence of root fusion in the right and left maxillary second molar teeth in dogs using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 180 dog CBCT scans, or a total of 360 maxillary second molar teeth, were analyzed in this study. Dogs were divided into weight categories of small (<10 kg), medium (10-25 kg), and large (>25 kg). Skull type (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, dolichocephalic) and sex were also recorded for each dog. Overall, 65% of maxillary second molar teeth had some type of root fusion...
2023: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38098992/evaluation-of-in-vitro-intrinsic-radiosensitivity-and-characterization-of-five-canine-high-grade-glioma-cell-lines
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin Cartiaux, Alexandra Deviers, Caroline Delmas, Jérôme Abadie, Martí Pumarola Battle, Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal, Giovanni Mogicato
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in dogs and predominantly affects brachycephalic breeds. Diagnosis relies on CT or MRI imaging, and the proposed treatments include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy depending on the tumor's location. Canine glioma from domestic dogs could be used as a more powerful model to study radiotherapy for human glioma than the murine model. Indeed, (i) contrary to mice, immunocompetent dogs develop spontaneous glioma, (ii) the canine brain structure is closer to human than mice, and (iii) domestic dogs are exposed to the same environmental factors than humans...
2023: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38033640/normal-variation-of-clinical-mobility-of-the-mandibular-symphysis-in-dogs
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sergio Minei, Edoardo Auriemma, Serena Bonacini, Michael S Kent, Margherita Gracis
INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this retrospective study was to document the normal variation of clinical mobility of the mandibular symphysis in dogs, and evaluate possible associations with breed, bodyweight, age, sex, and skull morphology. Secondarily, the radiographic appearance of the mandibular symphysis and possible associations with the analyzed data were also evaluated. METHODS: Medical records of dogs that underwent anesthetic procedures for maxillofacial, oral and dental evaluation from April 2015 to December 2021 were included...
2023: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38021759/unraveling-the-complexity-of-apert-syndrome-genetics-clinical-insights-and-future-frontiers
#38
REVIEW
Kajol Kumari, Inam Saleh, Sanzida Taslim, Sana Ahmad, Iqbal Hussain, Zainab Munir, Tamleel Javed, Muhammad Furqan Ismat Virk, Saleha Javed, Pakeezah Bisharat, Ubaid Ur Rehman
Apert syndrome (AS), also known as type I acrocephalosyndactyly, is a rare congenital condition characterized by craniosynostosis resulting from missense mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 ( FGFR2 ) gene. This comprehensive review delves into AS, covering its clinical manifestations, genetics, diagnosis, medical management, psychosocial considerations, and future research directions. AS presents with distinct features, including a brachycephalic skull, midface hypoplasia, and limb anomalies such as syndactyly...
October 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37985864/brachysound-machine-learning-based-assessment-of-respiratory-sounds-in-dogs
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ariel Oren, Jana D Türkcü, Sebastian Meller, Teddy Lazebnik, Pia Wiegel, Rebekka Mach, Holger A Volk, Anna Zamansky
The early and accurate diagnosis of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in dogs is pivotal for effective treatment and enhanced canine well-being. Owners often do underestimate the severity of BOAS in their dogs. In addition, traditional diagnostic methods, which include pharyngolaryngeal auscultation, are often compromised by subjectivity, are time-intensive and depend on the veterinary surgeon's experience. Hence, new fast, reliable assessment methods for BOAS are required. The aim of the current study was to use machine learning techniques to bridge this scientific gap...
November 20, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37965966/evaluation-of-sex-differences-in-pelvis-and-femur-x-ray-images-in-british-shorthair-cats-by-geometric-morphometric-method
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ermiş Özkan, Gülsün Pazvant
The study covers British Shorthair cats, which is a popular domestic cat breed in our country and defined as 'brachycephalic' in terms of skull structure. Article focuses on the pelvis and femur region of cats which gynaecological and orthopaedic diseases of this cat breed, which are frequently encountered in clinical practice, is found to be important. It is aimed to reveal the shape differences between male and female individuals using geometric morphometric method. X-ray images were used to examine the pelvis and femurs of cats via geometric method...
November 15, 2023: Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia
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