keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413974/primary-cilia-promote-the-differentiation-of-human-neurons-through-the-wnt-signaling-pathway
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea Coschiera, Masahito Yoshihara, Gilbert Lauter, Sini Ezer, Mariangela Pucci, Haonan Li, Alan Kavšek, Christian G Riedel, Juha Kere, Peter Swoboda
BACKGROUND: Primary cilia emanate from most human cell types, including neurons. Cilia are important for communicating with the cell's immediate environment: signal reception and transduction to/from the ciliated cell. Deregulation of ciliary signaling can lead to ciliopathies and certain neurodevelopmental disorders. In the developing brain cilia play well-documented roles for the expansion of the neural progenitor cell pool, while information about the roles of cilia during post-mitotic neuron differentiation and maturation is scarce...
February 27, 2024: BMC Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413460/deep-learning-glioma-grading-with-the-tumor-microenvironment-analysis-protocol-for-comprehensive-learning-discovering-and-quantifying-microenvironmental-features
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Pytlarz, K Wojnicki, P Pilanc, B Kaminska, A Crimi
Gliomas are primary brain tumors that arise from neural stem cells, or glial precursors. Diagnosis of glioma is based on histological evaluation of pathological cell features and molecular markers. Gliomas are infiltrated by myeloid cells that accumulate preferentially in malignant tumors, and their abundance inversely correlates with survival, which is of interest for cancer immunotherapies. To avoid time-consuming and laborious manual examination of images, a deep learning approach for automatic multiclass classification of tumor grades was proposed...
February 27, 2024: J Imaging Inform Med
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38408487/a-patterned-human-neural-tube-model-using-microfluidic-gradients
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xufeng Xue, Yung Su Kim, Alfredo-Isaac Ponce-Arias, Richard O'Laughlin, Robin Zhexuan Yan, Norio Kobayashi, Rami Yair Tshuva, Yu-Hwai Tsai, Shiyu Sun, Yi Zheng, Yue Liu, Frederick C K Wong, Azim Surani, Jason R Spence, Hongjun Song, Guo-Li Ming, Orly Reiner, Jianping Fu
Human nervous system is arguably the most complex but highly organized organ. Foundation of its complexity and organization is laid down during regional patterning of neural tube (NT), the embryonic precursor to human nervous system. Historically, studies of NT patterning have relied on animal models to uncover underlying principles. Recently, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based models of neurodevelopment, including neural organoids1-5 and bioengineered NT development models6-10, are emerging. However, existing hPSC-based models fail to recapitulate neural patterning along both rostral-caudal (R-C) and dorsal-ventral (D-V) axes in a three-dimensional (3D) tubular geometry, a hallmark of NT development...
February 26, 2024: Nature
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38405804/metaplastic-tuft-cells-transdifferentiate-to-neural-like-progenitor-cells-in-the-progression-of-pancreatic-cancer
#24
Daniel J Salas-Escabillas, Megan T Hoffman, Jacee S Moore, Sydney M Brender, Hui-Ju Wen, Simone Benitz, Erick T Davis, Dan Long, Allison M Wombwell, Nina G Steele, Rosalie C Sears, Ichiro Matsumoto, Kathleen E DelGiorno, Howard C Crawford
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is partly derived from the transdifferentiation of acinar cells into metaplastic ducts that act as precursors of neoplasia and cancer. Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory cells not found in the normal pancreas but arise in metaplasia and neoplasia, gradually disappearing as neoplastic lesions progress to carcinoma. Metaplastic tuft cells (mTCs) functionally suppress tumor progression through communication with the tumor microenvironment, but their fate during progression is unknown...
February 14, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403285/cell-adhesion-and-actin-dynamics-factors-promote-axonal-extension-and-synapse-formation-in-transplanted-drosophila-photoreceptor-cells
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Riku Iwanaga, Nagisa Yahagi, Satoko Hakeda-Suzuki, Takashi Suzuki
Vision is formed by the transmission of light stimuli to the brain through axons extending from photoreceptor cells. Damage to these axons leads to loss of vision. Despite research on neural circuit regeneration through transplantation, achieving precise axon projection remains challenging. To achieve optic nerve regeneration by transplantation, we employed the Drosophila visual system. We previously established a transplantation method for Drosophila utilizing photoreceptor precursor cells extracted from the eye disc...
February 25, 2024: Development, Growth & Differentiation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38395904/genetic-and-pharmacologic-p32-inhibition-rescue-chchd2-linked-parkinson-s-disease-phenotypes-in-vivo-and-in-cell-models
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Murni Tio, Rujing Wen, Cai Ning Choo, Jian Bin Tan, Aaron Chua, Bin Xiao, Jeyapriya Rajameenakshi Sundaram, Christine Hui Shan Chan, Eng-King Tan
BACKGROUND: Mutations in CHCHD2 have been linked to Parkinson's disease, however, their exact pathophysiologic roles are unclear. The p32 protein has been suggested to interact with CHCHD2, however, the physiological functions of such interaction in the context of PD have not been clarified. METHODS: Interaction between CHCHD2 and p32 was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. We studied the effect of p32-knockdown in the transgenic Drosophila and Hela cells expressing the wild type and the pathogenic variants of hCHCHD2...
February 23, 2024: Journal of Biomedical Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38394748/lipid-organization-and-turnover-in-the-plasma-membrane-of-human-differentiating-neural-progenitor-cells-revealed-by-time-of-flight-secondary-ion-mass-spectrometry-imaging
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emmanuel Berlin, Alicia A Lork, Martin Bornecrantz, Carl Ernst, Nhu T N Phan
Membrane lipids have been known to influence multiple signalling and cellular processes. Dysregulation of lipids at the neuronal membrane is connected to a significant alteration of the brain function and morphology, leading to brain diseases and neurodegeneration. Understanding the lipid composition and turnover of neuronal membrane will provide a significant insight into the molecular events underlying the regulatory effects of these biomolecules in a neuronal system. In this study, we aimed to characterize the composition and turnover of the plasma membrane lipids in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) at an early differentiation stage into midbrain neurons using ToF-SIMS imaging...
February 14, 2024: Talanta
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391033/advancements-in-colorectal-cancer-research-unveiling-the-cellular-and-molecular-mechanisms-of-neddylation-review
#28
REVIEW
Tianyu Wang, Xiaobing Li, Ruijie Ma, Jian Sun, Shuhong Huang, Zhigang Sun, Meng Wang
Neddylation, akin to ubiquitination, represents a post‑translational modification of proteins wherein neural precursor cell‑expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 (NEDD8) is modified on the substrate protein through a series of reactions. Neddylation plays a pivotal role in the growth and proliferation of animal cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC), it predominantly contributes to the proliferation, metastasis and survival of tumor cells, decreasing overall patient survival. The strategic manipulation of the NEDD8‑mediated neddylation pathway holds immense therapeutic promise in terms of the potential to modulate the growth of tumors by regulating diverse biological responses within cancer cells, such as DNA damage response and apoptosis, among others...
April 2024: International Journal of Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388461/noncanonical-function-of-folate-through-folate-receptor-1-during-neural-tube-formation
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Olga A Balashova, Alexios A Panoutsopoulos, Olesya Visina, Jacob Selhub, Paul S Knoepfler, Laura N Borodinsky
Folate supplementation reduces the occurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs), birth defects consisting in the failure of the neural tube to form and close. The mechanisms underlying NTDs and their prevention by folate remain unclear. Here we show that folate receptor 1 (FOLR1) is necessary for the formation of neural tube-like structures in human-cell derived neural organoids. FOLR1 knockdown in neural organoids and in Xenopus laevis embryos leads to NTDs that are rescued by pteroate, a folate precursor that is unable to participate in metabolism...
February 22, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38386112/the-distinct-localization-of-cdc42-isoforms-is-responsible-for-their-specific-functions-during-migration
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yamini Ravichandran, Jan Hänisch, Kerren Murray, Vanessa Roca, Florent Dingli, Damarys Loew, Valentin Sabatet, Batiste Boëda, Theresia E Stradal, Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
The small G-protein CDC42 is an evolutionary conserved polarity protein and a key regulator of polarized cell functions, including directed cell migration. In vertebrates, alternative splicing gives rise to two CDC42 proteins: the ubiquitously expressed isoform (CDC42u) and the brain isoform (CDC42b), which only differ in their carboxy-terminal sequence, including the CAAX motif essential for their association with membranes. We show that these divergent sequences do not directly affect the range of CDC42's potential binding partners but indirectly influence CDC42-driven signaling by controlling the subcellular localization of the two isoforms...
March 4, 2024: Journal of Cell Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38385069/the-nad-precursor-nicotinamide-riboside-rescues-mitochondrial-defects-and-neuronal-loss-in-ipsc-derived-cortical-organoid-of-alpers-disease
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu Hong, Zhuoyuan Zhang, Tsering Yangzom, Anbin Chen, Bjørn Christian Lundberg, Evandro Fei Fang, Richard Siller, Gareth John Sullivan, Jiri Zeman, Charalampos Tzoulis, Laurence A Bindoff, Kristina Xiao Liang
Alpers' syndrome is an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder usually caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of polymerase-gamma (POLG), which is essential for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. The disease is progressive, incurable, and inevitably it leads to death from drug-resistant status epilepticus. The neurological features of Alpers' syndrome are intractable epilepsy and developmental regression, with no effective treatment; the underlying mechanisms are still elusive, partially due to lack of good experimental models...
2024: International Journal of Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38361270/epichordal-vertebral-column-formation-in-xenopus-laevis
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu Takahashi, Ryota Wakabayashi, Satoshi Kitajima, Hideho Uchiyama
Although Xenopus Laevis is the most widely used model amphibian, skeletal development of its vertebral column has not been well illustrated so far. The mode of vertebral column development in anurans has been classified into two modes: perichordal and epichordal. Xenopus vertebral column formation is believed to follow the epichordal mode, but this aspect has been underemphasized, and illustrative examples are currently unavailable to the scientific community. This study documents the entire process of vertebral column formation in X...
February 2024: Journal of Morphology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38343770/efficient-generation-of-human-cerebral-organoids-directly-from-adherent-cultures-of-pluripotent-stem-cells
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosa González-Sastre, Raquel Coronel, Adela Bernabeu-Zornoza, Patricia Mateos-Martínez, Andreea Rosca, Victoria López-Alonso, Isabel Liste
Human cerebral organoids (hCOs) offer the possibility of deepening the knowledge of human brain development, as well as the pathologies that affect it. The method developed here describes the efficient generation of hCOs by going directly from two-dimensional (2D) pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures to three-dimensional (3D) neuroepithelial tissue, avoiding dissociation and aggregation steps. This has been achieved by subjecting 2D cultures, from the beginning of the neural induction step, to dual-SMAD inhibition in combination with CHIR99021...
2024: Journal of Tissue Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38343414/regenerative-medicine-for-spinal-cord-injury-using-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells
#34
REVIEW
Narihito Nagoshi, Keiko Sugai, Hideyuki Okano, Masaya Nakamura
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that causes permanent neurological dysfunction. To develop a new treatment strategy for SCI, a clinical trial of transplantation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (NPCs) in patients in the subacute phase of SCI was recently initiated. The formation of synaptic connections with host neural tissues is one of the therapeutic mechanisms of cell transplantation, and this beneficial efficacy has been directly demonstrated using a chemogenetic tool...
January 27, 2024: Spine surgery and related research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38339065/inhibition-of-apoptosis-in-a-model-of-ischemic-stroke-leads-to-enhanced-cell-survival-endogenous-neural-precursor-cell-activation-and-improved-functional-outcomes
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rehnuma Islam, Jan-Eric Ahlfors, Ricky Siu, Humna Noman, Roya Akbary, Cindi M Morshead
Stroke results in neuronal cell death, which causes long-term disabilities in adults. Treatment options are limited and rely on a narrow window of opportunity. Apoptosis inhibitors demonstrate efficacy in improving neuronal cell survival in animal models of stroke. However, many inhibitors non-specifically target apoptosis pathways and high doses are needed for treatment. We explored the use of a novel caspase-3/7 inhibitor, New World Laboratories (NWL) 283, with a lower IC50 than current caspase-3/7 inhibitors...
February 1, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334172/cortical-gradient-perturbation-in-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-correlates-with-neurotransmitter-cell-type-specific-and-chromosome-transcriptomic-signatures
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhiyi Chen, Ting Xu, Xuerong Liu, Benjamin Becker, Wei Li, Lei Xia, Wenqi Zhao, Rong Zhang, Zhenzhen Huo, Bowen Hu, Yancheng Tang, Zhibing Xiao, Zhengzhi Feng, Ji Chen, Tingyong Feng
AIMS: This study aimed to illuminate the neuropathological landscape of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by a multiscale macro-micro-molecular perspective from in vivo neuroimaging data. METHODS: The "ADHD-200 initiative" repository provided multi-site high-quality resting-state functional connectivity (rsfc-) neuroimaging for ADHD children and matched typically developing (TD) cohort. Diffusion mapping embedding model to derive the functional connectome gradient detecting biologically plausible neural pattern was built, and the multivariate partial least square method to uncover the enrichment of neurotransmitomic, cellular and chromosomal gradient-transcriptional signatures of AHBA enrichment and meta-analytic decoding...
February 9, 2024: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334030/sevoflurane-causes-cognitive-impairment-by-inducing-iron-deficiency-and-inhibiting-the-proliferation-of-neural-precursor-cells-in-infant-mice
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yong Zuo, Jinhong Xie, Xue Zhang, Anand Thirupathi, Xiaopeng Liu, Di Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Zhenhua Shi
AIMS: Numerous studies on animals have shown that exposure to general anesthetics in infant stage may cause neurocognitive impairment. However, the exact mechanism is not clear. The dysfunction of iron metabolism can cause neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, we investigated the effect of iron metabolism disorder induced by sevoflurane (Sev) on cognitive function and the proliferation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) in infant mice. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice of postnatal day 14 and neural stem cells NE4C were treated with 2% Sev for 6 h...
February 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38328116/impdh2-filaments-protect-from-neurodegeneration-in-ampd2-deficiency
#38
Marco Flores-Mendez, Laura Ohl, Thomas Roule, Yijing Zhou, Jesus A Tintos-Hernández, Kelsey Walsh, Xilma R Ortiz-González, Naiara Akizu
Metabolic dysregulation is one of the most common causes of pediatric neurodegenerative disorders. However, how the disruption of ubiquitous and essential metabolic pathways predominantly affect neural tissue remains unclear. Here we use mouse models of AMPD2 deficiency to study cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to selective neuronal vulnerability to purine metabolism imbalance. We show that AMPD deficiency in mice primarily leads to hippocampal dentate gyrus degeneration despite causing a generalized reduction of brain GTP levels...
January 22, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38321289/molecular-profile-of-bladder-cancer-progression-to-clinically-aggressive-subtypes
#39
REVIEW
Charles C Guo, Sangkyou Lee, June G Lee, Huiqin Chen, Michael Zaleski, Woonyoung Choi, David J McConkey, Peng Wei, Bogdan Czerniak
Bladder cancer is a histologically and clinically heterogenous disease. Most bladder cancers are urothelial carcinomas, which frequently develop distinct histological subtypes. Several urothelial carcinoma histological subtypes, such as micropapillary, plasmacytoid, small-cell carcinoma and sarcomatoid, show highly aggressive behaviour and pose unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Comprehensive genomic characterizations of the urothelial carcinoma subtypes have revealed that they probably arise from a precursor subset of conventional urothelial carcinomas that belong to different molecular subtypes - micropapillary and plasmacytoid subtypes develop along the luminal pathway, whereas small-cell and sarcomatoid subtypes evolve along the basal pathway...
February 6, 2024: Nature Reviews. Urology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38298216/role-of-microglia-in-brain-development-after-viral-infection
#40
REVIEW
Pei Xu, Yongjia Yu, Ping Wu
Microglia are immune cells in the brain that originate from the yolk sac and enter the developing brain before birth. They play critical roles in brain development by supporting neural precursor proliferation, synaptic pruning, and circuit formation. However, microglia are also vulnerable to environmental factors, such as infection and stress that may alter their phenotype and function. Viral infection activates microglia to produce inflammatory cytokines and anti-viral responses that protect the brain from damage...
2024: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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