Concussion mild traumatic brain

Psychological factors are strong predictors of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) recovery, consequently, psychological interventions can form part of an individual's rehabilitation. This may include enhancing valued living (VL), an approach that is effective in severe and mixed acquired brain injury samples. This study aimed to characterize VL in mTBI and explore its relationship with mTBI and mental health outcomes. 56 participants with a mTBI completed self-report measures before engaging in a psychological intervention...

BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common in children. Long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes as well as underlying structural brain alterations following pediatric mTBI have yet to be determined. In addition, the effect of age-at-injury on long-term outcomes is largely unknown. METHODS: Children with a history of mTBI ( n = 406; M age = 10 years, SD age = 0.63 years) who participated in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were matched (1:2 ratio) with typically developing children (TDC; n = 812) and orthopedic injury (OI) controls ( n = 812)...

This study correlated mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) cognitive changes with ASL-MRI glymphatic clearance rates (GCRs) and recovery with GCR improvement. mTBI disrupts the blood brain barrier (BBB), reducing capillary mean transit time and GCRs. mTBI is clinically diagnosed utilizing history/examination findings with no physiologic biomarkers. 3D TGSE (turbo-gradient spin-echo) pulsed arterial spin-labeling 3T MRI with 7 long inversion times (TIs) assessed the signal clearance of labeled protons 2800-4000 ms postlabeling in bifrontal, bitemporal, and biparietal regions within 7 days of mTBI and once clinically cleared to resume activities...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the cerebral physiologic response to aerobic exercise in individuals with a symptomatic concussion, highlighting available knowledge and knowledge gaps in the literature. DESIGN: A systematic scoping review was conducted and reported in keeping with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews. A search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, BIOSIS, and Cochrane libraries was conducted on June 15, 2023 (from database inception)...

CONTEXT: Assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC) has begun to include patient- reported outcome measures (PROMs). However, there is a limited understanding of which health limitations are most meaningful to adolescents following SRC. OBJECTIVE: To explore patient-perceived activity limitations following SRC and throughout recovery to return-to-play (RTP) and mapped according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an injury to the brain by external forces which can lead to cellular damage and the disruption of normal central nervous system functions. The recently approved blood-based biomarkers GFAP and UCH-L1 can only detect injuries which are detectable on CT, and are not sensitive enough to diagnose milder injuries or concussion. Exosomes are small microvesicles which are released from the cell as a part of extracellular communication in normal as well as diseased states...

Concussion is a common injury in the adolescent and young adult populations. While branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has shown improvements in neurocognitive and sleep function in pre-clinical animal models of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI), to date, no studies have been performed evaluating the efficacy of BCAAs in concussed adolescents and young adults. The goal of this pilot trial was to determine the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of varied doses of oral branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in a group of concussed adolescents and young adults...

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are often caused by a blow to the head or a sudden jolt resulting in a wide range of physical, cognitive, and emotional temporary symptoms. Mild TBI diagnosis can be challenging and most commonly followed by post-concussion syndrome (PCS). When the symptoms are present for more than 3 months, prolonged post-concussive syndrome (PPCS) can be suspected. This review aims to identify and summarize the current status of the knowledge regarding the risk factors and predictors of the recovery from PCS and PPCS...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important risk factor for neurodegeneration, however little is known about how individual neurons respond to this type of injury. In this study, we follow neuronal populations over several months after a single mild TBI (mTBI) to assess heterogeneous and long ranging consequences of injury. We find that Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3), a stress responsive transcription factor, defines a population of cortical neurons after mTBI. We show that a key feature of all neurons that activate Atf3 is an upregulation of stress-related genes and, importantly, the substantial loss in expression of many genes, including commonly used markers for these cell types...

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in 2.5 million emergency department (ED) visits per year in the US, with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) accounting for 90% of cases. There is considerable evidence that many experience chronic symptoms months to years later. This population is rarely represented in interventional studies. Management of adult mTBI in the ED has remained unchanged, without consensus of therapeutic options. The aim of this review was to synthesize existing literature of patient-centered ED treatments for adults who sustain an mTBI, and to identify practices that may offer promise...

OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic headache (PTH) represents the most common acute and persistent symptom in children after concussion, yet there is no blood protein signature to stratify the risk of PTH after concussion to facilitate early intervention. This discovery study aimed to identify capillary blood protein markers, at emergency department (ED) presentation within 48 hours of concussion, to predict children at risk of persisting PTH at 2 weeks postinjury. METHODS: Capillary blood was collected using the Mitra Clamshell device from children aged 8-17 years who presented to the ED of the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, within 48 hours of sustaining a concussion...

OBJECTIVE: To examine preinjury life events as moderators of postconcussive symptoms (PCS) and quality of life (QoL) in children with pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) versus orthopedic injury (OI). METHODS: Participants were 633 children with mTBI and 334 with OI, ages 8-16.99, recruited from 5 pediatric emergency departments and followed for 6 months postinjury as part of a prospective cohort study. Preinjury life events were measured retrospectively using the Child and Adolescent Survey of Experiences, PCS using the Health and Behavior Inventory (HBI) and Post-Concussion Symptom Interview (PCS-I), and QoL using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)...

OBJECTIVES: People may experience a myriad of symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but the relationship between symptoms and objective assessments is poorly characterized. This study sought to investigate the association between symptoms, resting heart rate (HR), and exercise tolerance in individuals following mTBI, with a secondary aim to examine the relationship between symptom-based clinical profiles and recovery. METHODS: Prospective observational study of adults aged 18 to 65 years who had sustained mTBI within the previous 7 days...

OBJECTIVE: To map existing literature about concussion management in older people, identifying and analyzing gaps in our understanding. CONTEXT: Concussion injuries affect older people, yet little guidance is available about how to approach concussion management with older people. Research does not always include older populations, and it is unclear to what extent standard concussion management is appropriate for older people. DESIGN: Scoping review...

Introduction The recommendations on return to exercise post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain debatable. As recent as 10 years ago, the conventional recovery modality for a mild TBI was to reduce neurostimulating activity and encourage rest until the symptoms subsided. However, emerging literature has challenged this notion, stating that returning to exercise early in the course of mild TBI recovery may be beneficial to the recovery timeline. This study surveys Hawaii's diverse population to identify trends in exercise and recovery for TBI patients to shape recommendations on return to exercise...

BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause persistent symptoms suggestive of oculomotor deficits. This research synthesized evidence on restitutive interventions for reducing oculomotor deficits in adults with mTBI to understand if these interventions have clinical utility for improving recovery. METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, PsychInfo, and Scopus, databases were searched for experimental studies published in English. We rated risk of bias (RoB) using recommended tools, and the certainty of the evidence according to GRADE guidelines...

There is still much uncertainty surrounding the approach to diagnosing and managing a sport-related concussion (SRC). Neurobiological recovery may extend beyond clinical recovery following SRC, highlighting the need for objective physiological parameters to guide diagnosis and management. With an increased understanding of the connection between the heart and the brain, the utility of assessing cardiovascular functioning following SRC has gained attention. As such, this review focuses on the assessment of cardiovascular parameters in the context of SRC...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) may be caused by occupational hazards military personnel encounter, such as falls, shocks, exposure to blast overpressure events, and recoil from weapon firing. While it is important to protect against injurious head impacts, the repeated exposure of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) service members to sub-concussive events during the course of their service may lead to a significant reduction in quality of life. Symptoms may include headaches, difficulty concentrating, and noise sensitivity, impacting how personnel complete their duties and causing chronic health issues...

BACKGROUND: Every year, many people suffer from traumatic brain injuries (TBI) with dramatic consequences for both the victim and their close relatives in the form of remaining lifelong symptoms and functional disabilities as a result. METHODS: This study evaluates the outcomes of 49 patients after mild TBI (mTBI) at follow-up after 5 years by using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) to assess post-TBI symptoms and the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) to assess disability...

This Preface overviews a four-part opinion series on the role of tradtional neuropsychological tests in evaluating mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), juxtaposed to all of the progress that has occurred with advanced neuroimaging and allied technologies. The four areas of review and critique are: I. Neuropathology; II: Limitations in Test Development, Statistical and Psychometric Issues; III. Implications of Advanced Neuroimaging Findings inn the Neuropsychological Assessment of the mTBI Patient, and IV: Clinical Applications and Future Directions...