Carbapenamase resistant

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and economic burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and to provide an expert opinion on different approaches to fight it. RECENT FINDINGS: For several decades now, it has been known that AMR among human pathogens is related to high clinical and economic burden.Different strategies have been implemented to control the clinical and economic burden of AMR. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASP), environmental cleaning and infection source control have been reported as the most effective interventions...

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Background: Carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative isolates caused by the production of the metallo- β -lactamase (MBL) enzyme is being increasingly reported worldwide. One of the newly emerged metallo- β -lactamases is New Delhi metallo- β -lactamase. Data regarding its occurrence in hospital setting and percentage prevalence among different Gram-negative bacterial isolates are lacking in our part. This study has been undertaken for determining the presence of the bla NDM-1 gene among the clinical isolates of imipenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary care center in Dharan, Nepal...

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a novel beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitor combination approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, complicated intra-abdominal infections, and for hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated pneumonia. The aim of this systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019128927) was to evaluate the effectiveness of CZA combination therapy versus CZA monotherapy in the treatment of severe infections. The databases included in the search, until February 12th, 2020, were MEDLINE by PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials...

The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial activity of four essential oils (EOs), Melaleuca alternifolia , Eucalyptus globulus , Mentha piperita, and Thymus vulgaris, in preventing the development and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae , metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae . A total of 60 strains were obtained from the stock collection from the Microbiology Laboratory of Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy...

The spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales is a major public health concern worldwide, and methods for their prompt and reliable detection are highly demanded for therapeutic and hygiene control purposes. In this study, we evaluate the MBT STAR® -Carba assay (Bruker Daltonik) to detect the carbapenemase production in clinical and surveillance isolates from plate cultures and directly from patient-derived positive blood cultures bottles. Overall, n  = 1,307 samples were analyzed ( n  = 900 plate cultures, and n  = 407 positive blood cultures, using the bacterial pellet obtained with the Sepsityper® Kit; Bruker Daltonik), including n  = 793 carbapenemase producers ( n  = 579 Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, n  = 161 metallo-beta-lactamases, n  = 45 OXA-48, and eight isolates harboring two different enzymes), n  = 239 carbapenem-resistant noncarbapenemase producers, and n  = 275 carbapenem-susceptible strains...

BACKGROUND: Infections with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) pose a serious threat to patients with dysregulated immunity such as in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), but such infections have rarely been comprehensively characterized. Here, we present a fatal case of HLH secondary to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection complicated by both anti-viral drug resistance and sepsis from multiple MDROs including pandrug-resistant superbug bacteria. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy, six-year-old boy presented with a 45-day history of fever prior to a diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and hemorrhagic colitis, both associated with CMV...

ABSTRACT: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">The carbapenemase-encoding genes, blaNDM- and blaOXA-48 - like , confer resistance to all the known beta-lactams and are encountered along with other beta-lactamase-encoding genes and/or 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)-methylating genes. The co-occurrence of blaNDM and blaOXA-48 - like on a single plasmid is a rare occurrence. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to characterize the plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing 16S rRNA methyltransferase along with blaNDM , blaOXA-48-like , and other resistance encoding genes...

Background: Resistance to antimicrobial agents of pathogenic bacteria has become a major problem in routine medical practices. Carbapenem resistance has long been increasing. The production of carbapenem- hydrolysing β-lactamases (carbapenamases), which include NDM, KPC, OXA-48, IMP-1 and VIM is the most common mechanism. Case presentation: A 56 years old male presented with fever and mental changes with progressively decreasing sensorium for the last 3 days...

Bacterial pathogens that infect patients also contaminate hospital surfaces. These contaminants impact hospital infection control and epidemiology, prompting quantitative examination of their transmission dynamics. Here we investigate spatiotemporal and phylogenetic relationships of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria on intensive care unit surfaces from two hospitals in the United States (US) and Pakistan collected over one year. MDR bacteria isolated from 3.3% and 86.7% of US and Pakistani surfaces, respectively, include common nosocomial pathogens, rare opportunistic pathogens, and novel taxa...

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes coexisting with carbapenemase, AmpC and aminoglycoside resistance gene in uropathogens in India. METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion. Antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: Of 1516 consecutive urine samples, 454 (29.9%) showed significant bacteriuria with a single micro-organism, predominantly Escherichia coli (n=343), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=92), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=10) and Proteus mirabilis (n=9)...

Background: Infections caused by carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae are increasing and associated with high mortality rates. There are increasing reports of hypermucoviscous/ hypervirulent K. pneumoniae isolated from various sources. However, there is limited data on the prevalence of hypermucoviscous strains among carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae from invasive infections in India and its association with mortality. rmpA, rmpA2 and magA genes are associated with these hypervirulent strains...

In Ghana, surveillance efforts on antibiotic resistance so far have not covered carbapenem resistance. In this study, our aim was to apply phenotypic and genotypic methods to identify and characterize carbapenem-resistant (CR) Gram-negative bacteria from the hospital environment in Ghana. A collection of 3840 isolates of Gram-negative bacilli infections from various clinical specimens was screened for carbapenem resistance by disc diffusion for imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the CR isolates was determined by E-test for the three carbapenems...

The epidemic clone of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn), sequence type 258 (ST258), carbapenamase producer (KPC), commonly infects hospitalized patients that are left with scarce therapeutic option since carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for life-threatening bacterial infections. To improve prevention and treatment, we should better understand the biology of Kpn KPC ST258 infections. Our hypothesis was that Kpn KPC ST258 evade the first line of defense of innate immunity, the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), by decreasing its functional response...

Background: Carbapenem-resistance is frequently detected in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in Tunisia. The study was performed to identify frequent carbapenemases in Tunisian isolates. Methods: Between May 2014 and January 2018, 197 ertapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated at the microbiological department of the Military Hospital of Tunis. The strains were phenotypically characterized and then subjected to in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the carbapenemase genes blaIMP , blaVIM , blaNDM , blaSPM , blaAIM , blaDIM ,blaGIM , blaSIM , blaKPC , blaBIC , and blaOXA-48 ...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Colonized patients with carbapenamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are vulnerable to invasive infections from their endogenous flora. We aimed to assess faecal colonization with (CPE) among children admitted to Cairo University paediatric intensive care units (ICUs). The phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were also studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 413 Enterobacteriaceae isolates have been isolated from cultured rectal swabs of 100 children...

Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major threat for public health. They produce resistance against various antibiotics and remain low or no therapeutic options. A total of 200 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from tertiary care hospital, Faisalabad. Isolates were sub-cultured on basic and selective media and confirmed by API 20NE. Phenotypic detection of carbapenamase, MBLs, antibiogram and MIC were determined as per CLSI guidelines. Molecular detection of blaVIM was performed using specific primers by PCR...

Wet surface biofilms are a potential reservoir for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms, including carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Recognition of environmental sources is important in reducing secondary patient transmission. We report the increased detection of blaIMP-4+ CPE in environmental samples from floor drains in burns unit shower rooms, when collected following cleaning as compared to pre-cleaning. We propose that disruption of biofilms during cleaning may account for the increased detection of multi-resistant organisms...

BACKGROUND: Carbapenamase producing Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are emerging worldwide limiting the use of carbapenems as effective and safe drugs. PURPOSE: To characterize different carbapenemase genes carried by carbapenem-resistant (CR) A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates and to evaluate the in vitro effect of some colistin-based combinations by E-test method in Zagazig University Hospitals ICU isolates. METHODS: CR A...

The influence of antibiotics, namely doxycycline, gentamicin, penicillin, nitrofurantoin, and rifampicin, on wastewater treatment was assessed. The presence of 100-300 μg/L of antibiotics (63.52-134.41 mg/g.d.w·d) marginally influenced organic matter degradation, without impacting nitrogen or phosphorus concentrations. However, a significant increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was observed, which varied with different antibiotics. The largest number of bacteria became resistant to nitrofurantoin and penicillin...