Alveolar regeneration

Injectable scaffolds are appealing for tissue regeneration because they offer many advantages over pre-formed scaffolds. This article provides a comprehensive review of the injectable scaffolds currently being investigated for dental and craniofacial tissue regeneration. First, we provide an overview of injectable scaffolding materials, including natural, synthetic, and composite biomaterials. Next, we discuss a variety of characteristic parameters and gelation mechanisms of the injectable scaffolds. The advanced injectable scaffolding systems developed in recent years are then illustrated...

OBJECTIVE: Correlating mechanical forces with quantifiable physical changes in the dentoalveolar complex. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Male 6-week C57BL/6 mice (N=3), micro X-ray-computed tomography; post-analysis software to extract physical changes in periodontal ligament (PDL)-space. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Silicone-elastic bands were placed between maxillary molars for 1 week, with the contralateral side as internal control. Average displacements between crowns and roots, and changes in PDL-spaces were evaluated by registering X-ray tomograms of experimental and control hemi-maxillae...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of isotretinoin on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and wound healing following exodontia. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Sixteen 40-day-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: (a) OTM and (b) tooth extraction (TE) of the upper 1st molar and OTM. The experimental animals were treated with isotretinoin (7.5 mg/kg) and the control animals with oil solution for 37 days. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The OTM and bone volume were evaluated by the micro-CT and the periodontium healing was assessed by immunohistochemistry for VEGF-C, COX-2 and IL-1ß...

BACKGROUND: The effect of membrane exposure on guided bone regeneration (GBR) for lateral ridge augmentation has been poorly addressed. This case-controlled study aimed to investigate potential effect of membrane exposure lateral ridge augmentation and subsequent implant placement. METHODS: A total of 14 patients that did receive lateral ridge augmentation procedure using allogeneic cancellous graft particulate in combination with an alloplastic bioresorbable matrix barrier were retrospectively selected for this study...

Oxidative stress impacts normal cellular function leading to the pathogenesis of various diseases including pulmonary illnesses. Protein arginine methyltransferase 4 (PRMT4) is critical for normal lung alveolar epithelial cell development; however, the regulation of PRMT4 within such pulmonary diseases has yet to be elucidated. Using biochemical approaches, we uncovered that peroxide (H2O2) treatment decreases PRMT4 protein stability in murine lung epithelial (MLE12) cells to impede cell migration. Protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) interacts with PRMT4 and catalyzes PRMT4 T132 phosphorylation that protects PRMT4 from ubiquitin proteasomal degradation...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Specifics of the biochemical pathways that modulate collagen cross-links in the periodontal ligament (PDL) are not fully defined. Better knowledge of the collagen post-translational modifications that give PDL its distinct tissue properties is needed to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of human PDL destruction in periodontal disease. In this study, the post-translational phenotypes of human and mouse PDL type I collagen were surveyed using mass spectrometry...

In dental traumatology, the loss of teeth and the supporting alveolar bone in children compromises the proper development of maxillofacial structures and also limits the solutions that can be offered. In this case report, multidisciplinary management is described of a child with a significant loss of alveolar bone and associated teeth due to a traffic accident at 8 years of age. The management involved staged teeth autotransplatation into surgically prepared sites with bone expanders, orthodontic treatment and dental implants...

BACKGROUND: Nerve and its related factors in the occurrence and development of periodontitis are worthy of further study. Denervation research is a useful addition to nerve and innervation studies. The aim of this study is to establish a rat model of inferior alveolar nerve transection combined with ligature-induced periodontitis to elucidate the effects of denervation on ligature-induced rat periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-four Wistar rats were distributed to the four groups randomly: ligation (L); denervation (D); ligation+denervation (LD); and normal (N) as control...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) in a demineralized bone matrix scaffold (MS) is a comparable alternative to iliac bone autograft in the setting of secondary alveolar cleft repair. Post-reconstruction occlusal radiographs demonstrate improved bone stock when rhBMP-2/MS is used, but lack the capacity to evaluate bone growth in three dimensions. This study uses cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to provide the first clinical evaluation of volumetric and density comparisons between these two treatment modalities...

This study was aimed at assessing the effects of the porous mineralized collagen plug with or without the bilayer mineralized collagen-guided bone regeneration membrane on alveolar ridge preservation in dogs. The third premolars in the bilateral maxilla of mongrel dogs ( N = 12) were extracted. Twenty-four alveolar sockets were thus randomly divided into three groups: membrane + collagen plug (MP, n = 8), nonmembrane + collagen plug (NP, n = 8) and blank group without any implantation (BG, n = 8)...

A preclinical trial was conducted to treat 54 mandibular critical-sized alveolar ridge defects in 27 canines. Each hemimandible was randomized to be treated with two different anorganic bovine bone grafts (group A = InterOss [SigmaGraft]; group B = Bio-Oss [Geistlich]) or negative control (group C = empty defect) followed by a 4-, 8-, or 12-week observation period. Microcomputed tomography, histology, histopathology, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these treatments...

The aim of the present case report was to illustrate how to obtain an ideal alveolar ridge contour by means of peri-implant soft tissues management combined with the prosthetic approach of the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT). A patient presenting a moderate vertical and horizontal bone loss in the posterior maxilla was treated with sinus floor elevation and contextual implant placement. During the re-entry procedure, the horizontal defect was corrected with an apically repositioned flap combined with a connective tissue graft...

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown that tooth-like structures can be regenerated using induced pluripotent stem cells and mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. However, few studies have reported the regeneration of tooth-periodontium complex structures, which are more suitable for clinical tooth transplantation. We established an optimized approach to induce high-odontogenic potential dental epithelium derived from mES cells by temporally controlling bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) function and regenerated tooth-periodontium complex structures in vivo...

Periodontal disease is categorized by the destruction of periodontal tissues. Over the years, there have been several clinical techniques and material options that been investigated for periodontal defect repair/regeneration. The development of improved biomaterials for periodontal tissue engineering has significantly improved the available treatment options and their clinical results. Bone replacement graft materials, barrier membranes, various growth factors and combination of these have been used. The available bone tissue replacement materials commonly used include autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts...

BACKGROUND: Sufficient vertical and lateral bone supply and a competent osteogenic healing process are prerequisities for the successful osseointegration of dental implants in the alveolar bone. Several techniques including autologous bone grafts and guided bone regeneration are applied to improve quality and quantity of bone at the implantation site. Depending on the amount of lacking bone one- or two-stage procedures are required. Vertical bone augmentation has proven to be a challenge particularly in terms of bone volume stability...

Yearly more than 15 million babies are born premature (<37 weeks gestational age), accounting for more than 1 in 10 births worldwide. Lung injury caused by maternal chorioamnionitis or preeclampsia, postnatal ventilation, hyperoxia, or inflammation can lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), one of the most common adverse outcomes in these preterm neonates. BPD patients have an arrest in alveolar and microvascular development and more frequently develop asthma and early-onset emphysema as they age...

Wnt signaling pathways are tightly controlled under a physiological condition, under which they play key roles in many biological functions, including cell fate specification and tissue regeneration. Increasing lines of evidence recently demonstrated that a dysregulated activation of Wnt signaling, particularly the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this respect, Wnt signaling interacts with other cellular signaling pathways to regulate the initiation and pathogenic procedures of airway inflammation and remodeling, pulmonary myofibroblast proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and development of emphysema...

Reconstruction of bone defects prior to implant placement now involves synthetic substitutes such as β-TCP because of its ability to promote bone remodeling. Its capacity to be progressively substituted by the patient's bone allows to regenerate a dense bone volume. In addition, its availability in large quantities, avoiding the morbidity observed with harvesting autogenous bone, widens the operative indications. In this paper, the main indications of β-TCP in maxillofacial surgery (dentistry, parodontology and dental implant surgery) are reviewed...

BACKGROUND: Neurophysiological changes after oral and maxillofacial surgery remain one of the topics of current research. PURPOSE: This study evaluated if implant placement associated with augmentation procedures increases the possibility of sensory disturbances or result in impaired quality of life during the healing period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who had obtained an implant placement in the lower jaw in combination with augmentation procedures were examined by implementing a comprehensive Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) protocol for extra- and intraoral use...

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a novel split-thickness flap design without periosteal and vertical releasing incisions for horizontovertical ridge augmentation. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Three patients with generalized chronic periodontitis presented posterior partial edentulism with class C alveolar defects according to the horizontal, vertical, and combination (HVC) classification. In all three cases, implant placement and simultaneous horizontovertical ridge augmentation utilizing a novel split-thickness flap design was performed...