Copd lung challenge model

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a high-value intervention for persons with COPD and other chronic lung diseases. It is associated with improvement in exercise capacity, dyspnea, health-related quality of life, and depression as well as a reduction in hospitalization and improved survival when PR follows COPD-related hospitalizations. PR is underused in the United States and other countries despite strong evidence of both clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Additional challenges include a lack of equitable reimbursement and poor access, particularly in rural settings...

UNLABELLED: Integration of mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) into chronic lung disease management is becoming increasingly popular. MHealth apps may support adoption of self-management behaviors to assist people in symptoms control and quality of life enhancement. However, mHealth apps' designs, features, and content are inconsistently reported, making it difficult to determine which were the effective components. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the characteristics and features of published mHealth apps for chronic lung diseases...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in air quality index (AQI) values before, during, and after lockdown, as well as to evaluate the number of hospitalizations due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases attributed to atmospheric PM2.5 pollution in Semnan, Iran in the period from 2019 to 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Daily air quality records were obtained from the global air quality index project and the US Environmental Protection Administration (EPA)...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to train and validate machine learning models for predicting rapid decline of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) in individuals with a smoking history at-risk-for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD 0), or with mild-to-moderate (GOLD 1-2) COPD. We trained multiple models to predict rapid FEV1 decline using demographic, clinical and radiologic biomarker data. Training and internal validation data were obtained from the COPDGene study and prediction models were validated against the SPIROMICS cohort...

INTRODUCTION: Severe pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥35 mmHg) in chronic lung disease (PH-CLD) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Data suggesting potential response to vasodilator therapy in patients with PH-CLD is emerging. The current diagnostic strategy utilises transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE), which can be technically challenging in some patients with advanced CLD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic role of MRI models to diagnose severe PH in CLD...

INTRODUCTION: ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) is an important and challenging complication, including in COVID-19 patients. Considering the poor lung penetration of most antibiotics, including intravenous colistin due to the poor PK/PD at the infection site, the choice of the best antibiotic regimen is still being debated. METHODS: this was a single-center, observational study conducted from March 2020 to August 2022, including all patients hospitalized consecutively with VAP and concomitant bloodstream infection due to CRAB in the COVID-ICU...

BACKGROUND: Indeterminate pulmonary nodules present a common challenge for clinicians who must recommend surveillance or intervention based on an assessed risk of malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, patients presenting for indeterminate pulmonary nodule evaluation were enrolled at sites participating in the Colorado SPORE in Lung Cancer. They were followed prospectively and included for analysis if they had a definitive malignant diagnosis, benign diagnosis, or radiographic resolution or stability of their nodule for > 2 years...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) disease and positive sputum cultures are the main source of infection. Culture conversion time is inconsistent and defining the length of respiratory isolation is challenging. The objective of this study is to develop a score to predict the length of isolation period. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out to evaluated risk factors associated with persistent positive sputum cultures after 4 weeks of treatment in 229 patients with PTB...

A jet nebulizer sprays a fine mist or aerosol directly into the lungs to reduce inflammation, expand airways, and make breathing easier for respiratory patients. Asthma, COPD, emphysema, and cystic fibrosis are treated with jet nebulizers. They are chosen over other nebulizers for their shorter treatment time and wider medication compatibility. For mechanically ventilated patients, jet nebulizers humidify oxygen to provide bronchodilators, antibiotics, and other respiratory medications. Additionally, they treat pneumonia, bronchitis, and other lung infections...

Respiratory disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is no cure for most diseases, which are treated symptomatically. Hence, new strategies are required to deepen the understanding of the disease and development of therapeutic strategies. The advent of stem cell and organoid technology has enabled the development of human pluripotent stem cell lines and adequate differentiation protocols for developing both airways and lung organoids in different formats. These novel human-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived organoids have enabled relatively accurate disease modeling...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide and is estimated to be the leading cause of death in the next 15 years. Patients with COPD suffer from persistent chronic cough, sputum production and exacerbations leading to deteriorating lung function, worsening quality of life and loss of independence. While evidence-based interventions exist to improve the well-being of patients with COPD, incorporation of these interventions into routine clinical care is challenging...

BACKGROUND: Changing the behavior of physical activity (PA) in COPD patients remains a challenge, because this population faces the same barriers to PA as the general population, as well as disease-specific barriers, especially dyspnea-related kinesiophobia. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the status of dyspnea-related kinesiophobia in people with COPD, and investigate its impact on PA levels, further examine the mediated moderation effects of exercise perception and social support on this relationship...

INTRODUCTION: Implementation of Lung cancer screening (LCS) programs is challenging. The ILYAD study objectives is to evaluate communication methods to improve participation rate among the Lyon University Hospital employees. In this first part of the study, we aimed to determinate the number of eligible individuals among our population of employees. METHOD: In November 2020, we conducted a questionnaire based cross sectional survey among the Lyon University Hospital employees (N = 26,954)...

Interstitial lung disease comprises numerous clinical entities posing significant challenges towards a prompt and accurate diagnosis. Amongst the contributing factors are intricate pathophysiological mechanisms, an overlap between conditions, and interobserver disagreement. We developed a model for patient clustering offering an additional approach to such complex clinical cases. The model is based on surface phenotyping of over 40 markers on immune cells isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage in combination with clinical data...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an important public health challenge worldwide, and is usually caused by significant exposure to noxious agents, particularly cigarette smoke. Recent studies have revealed that excessive production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the airways is associated with disease severity in COPD patients. NETs are extracellular neutrophil-derived structures composed of chromatin fibers decorated with histones and granule proteases including neutrophil elastase (NE)...

Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with colonization of the upper respiratory tract, including the carrier state, and with chronic respiratory infections in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The use of antibiotics alone to treat recalcitrant infections caused by biofilms is insufficient in many cases, requiring novel strategies based on a combination of antibiotics with other agents, including antibodies, enzybiotics, and antioxidants. In this work, we demonstrate that the third-generation oral cephalosporin cefditoren (CDN) and the antioxidant N -acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) are synergistic against pneumococcal biofilms...

Rhinovirus infection frequently causes COPD and asthma exacerbations. Impaired anti-viral signaling and reduced viral clearance have both been seen in sick bronchial epithelium, potentially increasing exacerbations. Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)), a Toll-like receptor-3 (TLR3) ligand, has been shown to cause a viral exacerbation of severe asthma by detecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of a TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor-Calbiochem drug in the prevention of Poly(I:C)-induced airway inflammation following TLR3 activation and to uncover a potential pathway for the cure of asthma through TLR3 inhibition...

Purpose: This review aimed to summarize empirical evidence about pharmacist-led interventions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in hospital settings and to identify the components of a logic model (including input, interventions, output, outcome and contextual factors) to inform the development of hospital pharmacist's role in COPD management. Methods: A systematic review of literature retrieved from four English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect) and one Chinese database (CNKI) were conducted to identify eligible studies published from inception to March 2022...

Pulmonary inflammation caused by respiratory tract viral infections is usually associated with acute exacerbation of respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, maintaining the pulmonary immune homeostasis is particular important for prevention of the acute exacerbation. Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been broadly used to improve respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders in China for over 700 years. Previously, we have found the regulatory activity of BZYQT on the lower respiratory immune system, while its potential effects during pulmonary inflammation remain unknown...

INTRODUCTION: Discriminating asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using medico-administrative databases is challenging but necessary for medico-economic analyses focusing on respiratory diseases. Artificial intelligence (AI) may improve dedicated algorithms. OBJECTIVES: To assess performance of different AI-based approaches to distinguish asthmatics from COPD patients in medico-administrative databases where the clinical diagnosis is absent. An "Asthma COPD Overlap" category was defined to further test whether AI can detect complexity...