Abbas Mohammadi, Behzad Etemad, Xin Zhang, Yijia Li, Gregory J Bedwell, Radwa Sharaf, Autumn Kittilson, Meghan Melberg, Charles R Crain, Anna K Traunbauer, Colline Wong, Jesse Fajnzylber, Daniel P Worrall, Alex Rosenthal, Hannah Jordan, Nikolaus Jilg, Clarety Kaseke, Francoise Giguel, Xiaodong Lian, Rinki Deo, Elisabeth Gillespie, Rida Chishti, Sara Abrha, Taylor Adams, Abigail Siagian, Dominic Dorazio, Peter L Anderson, Steven G Deeks, Michael M Lederman, Sigal Yawetz, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Mathias D Lichterfeld, Scott Sieg, Athe Tsibris, Mary Carrington, Zabrina L Brumme, Jose R Castillo-Mancilla, Alan N Engelman, Gaurav D Gaiha, Jonathan Z Li
Non-suppressible HIV-1 viremia (NSV) is defined as persistent low-level viremia on antiretroviral therapy (ART) without evidence of ART non-adherence or significant drug resistance. Unraveling the mechanisms behind NSV would broaden our understanding of HIV-1 persistence. Here we analyzed plasma virus sequences in eight ART-treated individuals with NSV (88% male) and show that they are composed of large clones without evidence of viral evolution over time in those with longitudinal samples. We defined proviruses that match plasma HIV-1 RNA sequences as 'producer proviruses', and those that did not as 'non-producer proviruses'...
December 2023: Nature Medicine