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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adam A Rosso, Brianna Casement, Albert K Chung, John David Curlis, Edita Folfas, Maria A Gallegos, Lauren K Neel, Daniel J Nicholson, Claire E Williams, W Owen McMillan, Michael L Logan, Christian L Cox
AbstractTropical ectotherms are thought to be especially vulnerable to climate change because they have evolved in temporally stable thermal environments and therefore have decreased tolerance for thermal variability. Thus, they are expected to have narrow thermal tolerance ranges, live close to their upper thermal tolerance limits, and have decreased thermal acclimation capacity. Although models often predict that tropical forest ectotherms are especially vulnerable to rapid environmental shifts, these models rarely include the potential for plasticity of relevant traits...
2024: Ecol Evol Physiol
#2
REVIEW
Thomas A Miller, Douglas C Ross
The sciatic nerve is the body's largest peripheral nerve. Along with their two terminal divisions (tibial and fibular), their anatomic location makes them particularly vulnerable to trauma and iatrogenic injuries. A thorough understanding of the functional anatomy is required to adequately localize lesions in this lengthy neural pathway. Proximal disorders of the nerve can be challenging to precisely localize among a range of possibilities including lumbosacral pathology, radiculopathy, or piriformis syndrome...
2024: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia de Lange, Liam J Burrows, Cheryl Quenneville
Ballistic shields protect users from a variety of threats, including projectiles. Shield back-face deformation (BFD) is the result of the shield deflecting or absorbing a projectile and deforming towards the user. Back-face deformation can result in localized blunt loading to the upper extremity, where the shield is supported by the user. Two vulnerable locations along the upper extremity were investigated - the wrist and elbow - on eight post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) using a pneumatic impacting apparatus for investigating the fracture threshold as a result of behind shield blunt trauma (BSBT)...
April 23, 2024: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nafees Ahmad, Satinder Pal Singh, Shivam Sahu, Rohan Bhattacharyya, Abhayanand Singh Maurya, Nitish Kumar, Rakesh Kumar Rout, Gyana Ranjan Tripathy
The knowledge of major sources, sinks, and the burial fate of various pollutants added to modern aquatic ecosystems under changing environmental conditions is limited but crucial for our sustainability. In this context, the spatial distributions and causative factors of organic matter (OM) and heavy metal accumulations have been explored in modern lacustrine sediments of a large urbanized and protected wetland (ULB: Upper Lake Bhopal) in Central India. For this purpose, geochemical properties, in particular, stable isotopes (δ13 C and δ15 N) were measured in the ULB surficial sediments (core depth ∼0-1 cm; n = 19), and additionally collected riverbed sediments (n = 2) and atmospheric free-fall dust samples (n = 3) from the lake periphery...
April 15, 2024: Environmental Pollution
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yolanda M G Piñanez-Espejo, Ana Munévar, Pablo E Schilman, Gustavo Andrés Zurita
Worldwide, with the decline of natural habitats, species with reduced niche breadth (specialists) are at greater risk of extinction as they cannot colonise or persist in disturbed habitat types. However, the role of thermal tolerance as a critical trait in understanding changes in species diversity in disturbed habitats, e.g., due to forest replacement by tree plantations, is still understudied. To examine the role of thermal tolerance on the responses of specialist and generalist species to habitat disturbances, we measured and compared local temperature throughout the year and thermotolerance traits [upper (CTmax) and lower (CTmin) thermal limits] of the most abundant species of spiders from different guilds inhabiting pine tree plantations and native Atlantic Forests in South America...
April 2, 2024: Oecologia
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lyudmila I Amosova, Lyudmyla F Kaskova, Oksana S Pavlenkova, Olena V Khmil, Svitlana Ch Novikova, Larysa P Ulasevych
OBJECTIVE: Aim: This research is focused at analyzing the indicators and substantiating the peculiarities of caries prevention in permanent teeth in schoolchildren of Poltava region, taking into account the endemic features of the Poltava region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted among 608 pupils of secondary schools in Kremenchuk, who consumed drinking water with fluoride concentrations in the lower limits of the norm, and 1214 pupils of secondary schools in Poltava, who consumed drinking water with fluoride concentrations in the optimal upper limits of the norm...
2024: Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski: Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carson Brewer, Aryen Shakib, Julia de Lange, Cheryl Quenneville
Side and frontal airbag deployment represents the main injury mechanism to the upper extremity during automotive collisions. Previous dynamic injury limit research has been limited to testing the forearm at either the assumed most vulnerable location to fracture, the distal 1/3rd, or the midpoint. Studies have varied the surface to which impacts were applied, with no clear consensus on the site of greatest vulnerability. The unpredictability of airbag impact location, especially with altered hand positioning, limits the effectiveness of existing forearm injury limits determined from impacts at only one location...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Celine Bourdon, Abdoulaye Hama Diallo, Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayeem Bin Shahid, Md Alfazal Khan, Ali Faisal Saleem, Benson O Singa, Blaise Siézanga Gnoumou, Caroline Tigoi, Catherine Achieng Otieno, Chrisantus Odhiambo Oduol, Christina L Lancioni, Christine Manyasi, Christine J McGrath, Christopher Maronga, Christopher Lwanga, Daniella Brals, Dilruba Ahmed, Dinesh Mondal, Donna M Denno, Dorothy I Mangale, Emmanuel Chimwezi, Emmie Mbale, Ezekiel Mupere, Gazi Md Salauddin Mamun, Issaka Ouédraogo, James A Berkley, James M Njunge, Jenala Njirammadzi, John Mukisa, Johnstone Thitiri, Judd L Walson, Julie Jemutai, Kirkby D Tickell, Lubaba Shahrin, Macpherson Mallewa, Md Iqbal Hossain, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti, Molline Timbwa, Moses Mburu, Moses M Ngari, Narshion Ngao, Peace Aber, Philliness Prisca Harawa, Priya Sukhtankar, Robert H J Bandsma, Roseline Maïmouna Bamouni, Sassy Molyneux, Shalton Mwaringa, Shamsun Nahar Shaima, Syed Asad Ali, Syeda Momena Afsana, Sayera Banu, Tahmeed Ahmed, Wieger P Voskuijl, Zaubina Kazi
BACKGROUND: Growth faltering is well-recognized during acute childhood illness and growth acceleration during convalescence, with or without nutritional therapy, may occur. However, there are limited recent data on growth after hospitalization in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: We evaluated growth following hospitalization among children aged 2-23 months in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Between November 2016 and January 2019, children were recruited at hospital admission and classified as: not-wasted (NW), moderately-wasted (MW), severely-wasted (SW), or having nutritional oedema (NO)...
April 2024: EClinicalMedicine
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cody James, Cayne Layton, Catriona L Hurd, Damon Britton
Kelps are in global decline due to climate change, which includes ocean warming. To identify vulnerable species, we need to identify their tolerances to increasing temperatures and determine whether tolerances are altered by co-occurring drivers such as inorganic nutrient levels. This is particularly important for those species with restricted distributions, which may already be experiencing thermal stress. To identify thermal tolerance of the range-restricted kelp Lessonia corrugata, we conducted a laboratory experiment on juvenile sporophytes to measure performance (growth, photosynthesis) across its thermal range (4-22°C)...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Phycology
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elin Kismul Aakre, Kristin Moberg Aakre, Hans Flaatten, Karl Ove Hufthammer, Anette Hylen Ranhoff, Ib Jammer
BACKGROUND: An elevated cardiac troponin concentration is a prognostic factor for perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality. In elderly patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery, frailty is a recognized risk factor, but little is known about the prognostic value of cardiac troponin in these vulnerable patients. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic significance of elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentration and frailty in a cohort of elderly patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery...
February 26, 2024: Anesthesia and Analgesia
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Henry Bayly, Madison Stoddard, Debra Van Egeren, Eleanor J Murray, Julia Raifman, Arijit Chakravarty, Laura F White
Contact tracing forms a crucial part of the public-health toolbox in mitigating and understanding emergent pathogens and nascent disease outbreaks. Contact tracing in the United States was conducted during the pre-Omicron phase of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This tracing relied on voluntary reporting and responses, often using rapid antigen tests due to lack of accessibility to PCR tests. These limitations, combined with SARS-CoV-2's propensity for asymptomatic transmission, raise the question "how reliable was contact tracing for COVID-19 in the United States"? We answered this question using a Markov model to examine the efficiency with which transmission could be detected based on the design and response rates of contact tracing studies in the United States...
February 23, 2024: BMC Public Health
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James J McCormick, Robert D Meade, Kelli E King, Ashley P Akerman, Sean R Notley, Nathalie V Kirby, Ronald J Sigal, Glen P Kenny
To protect vulnerable populations during heat waves, public health agencies recommend maintaining indoor air temperature below ~24-28°C. While we recently demonstrated that maintaining indoor temperatures ≤26°C mitigates the development of hyperthermia and cardiovascular strain in older adults, the cellular consequences of prolonged indoor heat stress are poorly understood. We therefore evaluated the cellular stress response in 16 adults (6 females) aged 66-78 years during 8 hours rest in ambient conditions simulating homes maintained at 22°C (control) and 26°C (indoor temperature upper limit proposed by health agencies), as well as non-air-conditioned domiciles during hot weather and heat waves (31 and 36°C, respectively; all 45% relative humidity)...
February 23, 2024: Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
#13
Federica Fulceri, Chiara Marinelli, Giulia Ghelarducci, Anna Maria Nucci, Andrea Poggetti, Larisa Ryskalin, Marco Gesi
BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) of the upper limb are very common events within the pediatric population, especially following soft tissue trauma and bone fractures. Symptoms of brachial plexus nerve injuries can differ considerably depending on the site and severity of injury. Compared to median and radial nerves, the ulnar nerve (UN) is the most frequently and severely injured nerve of the upper extremity. Indeed, due to its peculiar anatomical path, the UN is known to be particularly vulnerable to traumatic injuries, which result in pain and substantial motor and sensory disabilities of the forearm and hand...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariana V Capparelli, Rosela Pérez-Ceballos, Nancy Yolimar Suárez-Mozo, Gabriel M Moulatlet
We assessed the tolerance, safety margins, and behavioral responses to extreme conditions of the mangrove fiddler crab Leptuca speciosa during a heatwave event (May of 2022), in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. In the field, L. speciosa demonstrated aggregation behavior, congregating in areas that were above the water level to escape the extreme water conditions. In the laboratory, we determined that the upper critical thermal limits (UT99 ) ranged from 40.2 °C and 42 °C. For salinity, the lethal concentration was LC99 = 39 psu...
February 15, 2024: Marine Pollution Bulletin
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert D Meade, Ashley P Akerman, Sean R Notley, Nathalie V Kirby, Ronald J Sigal, Glen P Kenny
BACKGROUND: Health agencies recommend that homes of heat-vulnerable occupants (e.g., older adults) be maintained below 24-28°C to prevent heat-related mortality and morbidity. However, there is limited experimental evidence to support these recommendations. OBJECTIVE: To aid in the development of evidence-based guidance on safe indoor temperatures for temperate continental climates, we evaluated surrogate physiological outcomes linked with heat-related mortality and morbidity in older adults during simulated indoor overheating...
February 2024: Environmental Health Perspectives
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liping Wei, Pieter Sanczuk, Karen De Pauw, Maria Mercedes Caron, Federico Selvi, Per-Ola Hedwall, Jörg Brunet, Sara A O Cousins, Jan Plue, Fabien Spicher, Cristina Gasperini, Giovanni Iacopetti, Anna Orczewska, Jaime Uria-Diez, Jonathan Lenoir, Pieter Vangansbeke, Pieter De Frenne
Climate change is pushing species towards and potentially beyond their critical thermal limits. The extent to which species can cope with temperatures exceeding their critical thermal limits is still uncertain. To better assess species' responses to warming, we compute the warming tolerance (ΔTniche ) as a thermal vulnerability index, using species' upper thermal limits (the temperature at the warm limit of their distribution range) minus the local habitat temperature actually experienced at a given location...
January 2024: Global Change Biology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dinesh Thakur, Jan Altman, Veronika Jandova, Pavel Fibich, Zuzana Münzbergová, Jiri Dolezal
Global climate change is having significant effects on plant growth patterns and mountain plants can be particularly vulnerable to accelerated warming. Rising temperatures are releasing plants from cold limitation, such as at high elevations and latitudes, but can also induce drought limitation, as documented for trees from lower elevations and latitudes. Here we test these predictions using a unique natural experiment with Himalayan alpine shrub Rhododendron anthopogon and its growth responses to changing climate over a large portion of its latitudinal and elevational ranges, including steep precipitation and temperature gradients...
January 20, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agustín Camacho, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Refat Jayyusi, Mohamed Harun, Marco Geraci, Miguel A Carretero, Miguel Tejedo
The "climate extremes hypothesis" is a major assumption of geographic studies of heat tolerance and climatic vulnerability. However, this assumption remains vastly untested across taxa, and multiple factors may contribute to uncoupling heat tolerance and geographic limits. Our dataset includes 1000 entries of heat tolerance data and maximum temperatures for each species' known geographic limits (hereafter, Tmax). We gathered this information across major animal taxa, including marine fish, terrestrial arthropods, amphibians, non-avian reptiles, birds, and mammals...
January 17, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meysam Behzadifar, Seyed Jafar Ehsanzadeh, Banafshe Darvishi Teli, Samad Azari, Ahad Bakhtiari, Masoud Behzadifar
BACKGROUND: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health burden, particularly affecting vulnerable populations residing in slum areas which is characterized by overcrowding, poverty, and limited access to healthcare services, create an environment conducive to the transmission and spread of HIV. Despite the recognition of this issue, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the prevalence of HIV in slums. The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize the existing global evidence on HIV prevalence in slum populations...
January 5, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hasret Sahin, A A Solomon, Arman Aghahosseini, Christian Breyer
The Glasgow Climate Pact articulated the vital importance of renewables in reducing emissions on the way to net-zero pledges. During the power sector transition, foreseeing conditions affecting the plausibility of pathway options is crucial for specifying an optimal system development strategy. This study examines the net energy performance of nine decarbonisation global energy transition scenarios until 2050 by applying a newly developed systemwide energy return on investment (EROI) model. All scenarios result in an EROI value above the upper limit of the net energy cliff, expected to be around 10...
January 3, 2024: Nature Communications
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