Paracetamol

Acetaminophen (ACE) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug with various applications, from pain relief to fever reduction. Recent studies have reported equivocal effects of habitual ACE intake on exercise performance, muscle growth, and risks to bone health. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of a 6-week, low-dose ACE regimen on muscle and bone adaptations in exercising and non-exercising rats. Nine-week-old Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomized to an exercise or control (no exercise) condition with ACE or without (placebo)...

Introduction The presence of impacted third molars is a prevalent problem associated with varying degrees of difficulty in extraction and potential consequences, including pain, swelling, and trismus. According to studies, enzymatic combinations, such as bromelain, rutoside, trypsin, and serratiopeptidase, are known to have a very promising role in reducing inflammation and promoting wound healing. This study compared natural enzymatic agents with corticosteroids for postoperative pain, swelling, and trismus in the impacted lower third molar surgery...

AIMS: This study delves into the two-year opioid prescription trends in the Local Sanitary Agency Naples 3 South, Campania Region, Italy. The research aims to elucidate prescribing patterns, demographics, and dosage categories within a population representing 1.7% of the national total. Perspectives on artificial intelligence research are discussed. METHODS: From the original dataset, spanning from January 2022 to October 2023, we processed multiple variables including demographic data, medications, dosages, drug consumption, and administration routes...

INTRODUCTION: Optimal pain management of symptomatic pulpitis in formative years goes a long way in developing a positive dental attitude. Efforts should be made to increase the success of anesthesia, thus diminishing negative dental experiences. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of preemptive analgesia on the success of pulpal anesthesia following inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in children with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and on reducing postendodontic pain...

Tourism is one of the most important activities for the economy of Nor Patagonia Argentina. In Bariloche City, located on the shores of Lake Nahuel Huapi, both the permanent and the temporary populations have increased significantly in recent decades, and this has not necessarily been accompanied by an improvement in sewage networks. Emerging micropollutants such as pharmaceutical compounds reach aquatic systems directly, in the absence of a domestic sewage network, or through effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), which do not efficiently remove these substances and represent a major threat to the environment...

Adequate management of acute pain in the older population is crucial. However, it is inherently complex because of multiple physiological changes that significantly impact both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications. Current guidelines promote paracetamol as the first-line analgesic for acute pain in older adults, whereas opioids are advised cautiously for moderate to severe acute pain. However, opioids come with a significant array of side effects, which can be more pronounced in older individuals...

Palliative care is a valued aspect of clinical care which is an urgent humanitarian need for people worldwide with cancer and other chronic fatal diseases. Patients experience many different symptoms including severe pain in advanced cancer. Palliative care focuses on relief from symptoms, pain and stress by using different analgesics and adjuvant. The goal of palliative care is to improve the quality of life. So, this prospective observational study was carried out to assess pattern of drugs used and their response to pain in cancer patients attending out-patient department of palliative care service in two teaching hospitals of Bangladesh...

INTRODUCTION: This invention reports the solubilization of Acetaminophen (ACM) within the Povidone (PVP K30) in the solid state for the first time. First-generation solid dispersions (SDs) were attempted with a different ratio of PVP K:30:ACM. SDs prepared were transparent, suggesting a solid solution (SS) formation, which was a serendipitous discovery. METHODS: A minimum ratio of 1.25:1 PVP K30: ACM was required to form stable SS, suggesting discontinuous SS. A computational complex prediction tool, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the SS formation...

OBJECTIVE: Colesevelam, a bile acid sequestrant approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia, improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that single-dose colesevelam increases postprandial GLP-1 secretion, thus, reducing postprandial glucose excursions in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Further, we explored the effects of single-dose colesevelam on ultrasonography-assessed postprandial gallbladder motility, paracetamol absorption (proxy for gastric emptying) and circulating factors known to affect gallbladder motility...

BACKGROUND: Fixed drug reaction (FDE) is characterized by the development of well-circumscribed, round, erythematous macules and plaques on cutaneous or mucosal surface following ingestion of the offending drug. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To study the etiological agents responsible for FDE and to study the clinical patterns of FDE due to different drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a hospital-based observational cross-sectional clinical study. The study period was 24 months...

OBJECTIVE: To verify, based on a systematic literature review, the effects of the main analgesics on male fertility. DATA SOURCES: The studies were analyzed from the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases. STUDY SELECTION: The articles selected for the present review included: cohort studies; cross-sectional studies, clinical trials; complete studies; studies with animal models that addressed the proposed theme and that were published within the stipulated period from March 1, 2013, to March 31, 2023, in English, Portuguese and Spanish...

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is an infrequent condition affecting the skin and mucous membranes, it involves cutaneous detachment with high mortality without adequate treatment. We present the case of a 40-year-old male with a history of epilepsy treated with valproic acid and lamotrigine, previously diagnosed with dengue. Evaluation showed erythematous blisters on skin and mucosa with bleeding and desquamation, covering 10% of the body surface. The patient progressed favorably with the medical care received. Stevens-Johnson syndrome should be studied in association with arboviral diseases...

BACKGROUND: In most cases, a combination of paracetamol and ibuprofen are the optimal treatment for postoperative pain in third molar surgery. If stronger analgesia is required, opioids are traditionally administered. In day-case, surgery; however, opioids should be avoided. Thus, the anaesthetic agent S-ketamine in analgesic doses might be preferred. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. The study enrolled healthy subjects according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification; I or II (ASA), aged 18 to 44 years, with a body weight between 50 and 100 kg...

Triboelectrification is a ubiquitous and poorly understood phenomenon in powder processing, particularly for pharmaceutical powders. Charged particles can adhere to vessel walls, causing sheeting; they can also cause agglomeration, threatening the stability of powder formulations, and in extreme cases electrostatic discharges, which present a serious fire and explosion hazard. Triboelectrification is highly sensitive to environmental and material conditions, which makes it very difficult to compare experimental results from different publications...

Swallowing oral solid dosage forms is challenging for those who have medication swallowing difficulties, including patients with dysphagia. One option is to mix the drug (whole or crushed) with a thick vehicle (medication lubricant). Previous in vitro studies consistently suggest that thick vehicles could impact the dissolution of solid dosage forms, potentially influencing their therapeutic effectiveness, but do not account for changes that happen during oral processing and swallowing. This study aims to investigate the potential impact of medication lubricants on drug release and examine the effect of oral processing...

Acute liver failure represents a life-threatening organ dysfunction with high mortality rates and an urgent need for liver transplantation. The etiology of the disease varies widely depending on various socio-economic factors and is represented mainly by paracetamol overdose and other drug-induced forms of liver dysfunction in the developed world and by viral hepatitis and mushroom poisoning in less developed countries. Current medical care constitutes either specific antidotes or supportive measures to ensure spontaneous recovery...

BACKGROUND: Acute poisonings (AP) are a significant public health problem, accounting for a high number of emergency department visits and thousands of deaths worldwide. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of AP in an adult population admitted to Cayenne Hospital (French Guiana) and to investigate the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: We conducted a monocentric retrospective study from January 2010 to December 2022, including patients over eighteen years of age who had been admitted to the emergency department of Cayenne Hospital for acute poisoning...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of diadynamic currents administered prior to exercises on pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. DESIGN: A randomized-controlled trial. SETTING: Special Rehabilitation Services in Taboão da Serra. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly allocated to Group I (diadynamic currents and exercises; n = 30, 60 knees) or Group II (exercises alone; n = 30, 60 knees) and were treated three times a week for 8 weeks...

PURPOSE: Co-administering multiple intravenous (IV) agents via Y-connectors is a common practice in hospitalised and fasting surgical patients. However, there is a lack of reliable data confirming the physical compatibility of some combinations including IV oxycodone, a drug that is gaining increasing popularity in the perioperative period. Concern regarding physical drug incompatibilities precludes concurrent coadministration with other common drugs through a single lumen. This can result in the cessation of infusions to allow the administration of other medications, resulting in exacerbation of acute pain...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine self-medication prevalence and its associated factors. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural catchment areas of Uttar Pradesh, India, among 440 adults using a pretested, semistructured questionnaire. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association of self-medication prevalence with various independent variables. The associations were reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals...