Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation

BACKGROUND: To determine the optimum chest compression site during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with regard to heart failure (HF) by applying three-dimensional (3D) coordinates on computed tomography (CT). METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study involved adults who underwent echocardiography and CT on the same day from 2007 to 2017. Incomplete CT images or information on HF, cardiac medication between echocardiography and CT, or thoracic abnormalities were excluded...

Since the publication of 2000 guidelines for resuscitation, amiodarone is considered the antiarrhythmic drug of choice for refractory ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia. However, to date there is no proven benefit in terms of neurologically intact survival to hospital discharge. A comprehensive search of the recent literature on amiodarone, nifekalant and lidocaine in cardiac arrest was performed. Amiodarone and nifekalant are superior to lidocaine with regards to the return of spontaneous circulation and survival to hospital admission...

AIMS: To identify the predictors of survival to discharge in adults resuscitated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) following in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). METHODS: MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. Pooled Odds Ratio (OR) and Pooled Mean Difference (PMD) for each predictor were calculated. The quality of evidence (QOE) was evaluated according to the GRADE guidelines. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included totalling 856 patients...

BACKGROUND: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates in the UK are poor, and non-medically trained individuals have been identified to perform substandard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Millions watch televised medical dramas and, for many, these comprise their only education on CPR. This study aims to investigate the quality of CPR portrayed on these programmes and whether this has an effect on public knowledge. METHODS: Prospective observational study of 30 consecutive episodes of three popular medical dramas...

INTRODUCTION: It is widely accepted that antiarrhythmics play a role in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) universally, but the absolute benefit of antiarrhythmic use and the drug of choice in advanced life support remains controversial. AIM: To perform a thorough, in-depth review and analysis of current literature to assess the efficacy of antiarrhythmics in advanced life support. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two authors systematically searched through multiple bibliographic databases including CINAHL, SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline(Ovid) and the Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry...

BACKGROUND: Current neonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend 3:1 compression:ventilation (C:V) ratio. Recently, animal studies reported that continuous chest compressions (CC) during a sustained inflation (SI) significantly improved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The approach of CC during SI (CC+SI) has not been examined in the delivery room during neonatal resuscitation. HYPOTHESIS: It is a feasibility study to compare CC+SI versus 3:1 C:V ratio during neonatal resuscitation in the delivery room...

INTRODUCTION: Guidelines for resuscitation recommend positive-pressure ventilation with a fixed ventilation rate as provided by an automated transport ventilator during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with a secured airway. We investigated the influence of manual chest compressions (CC) on the accuracy of ventilator presets and the quality of CC with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV), bilevel ventilation (BiLevel), and the novel ventilation mode chest compression synchronized ventilation (CCSV) in a simulation model...

AIM: To study the effects of kneeling posture on chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in males. BACKGROUND: Efficiency of chest compression during CPR affected millions of victims over the world. There are still no clear guidelines on kneeling posture that a rescuer should adopt in performing CPR. DESIGN: A self-controlled-repeated-measures design applied in this study. The efficiency of chest compression on a mannequin when three kneeling postures were adopted (farthest, self-adjusted, and nearest) was analysed...

BACKGROUND: Survival rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest remain poor. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is crucial for survival and feedback devices could improve its quality. OBJECTIVE: We investigated quality of chest compression when using the Cardio First AngelTM (CFA) feedback device compared to standard basic life support (BLS). The analysis focused on laymen. METHODS: Laymen without (n= 43) and with (n= 96) explanation of the device, medical students (n= 128) and medical staff (n= 27) performed 60 seconds of standard versus assisted chest compression using the CFA on a resuscitation manikin...

Annually, over 350,000 persons require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), either in or outside of the hospital. With obesity a rising health issue in the United States, concerns exist regarding the efficacy of quality compressions for CPR in obese patients. The aims of this study were to determine if the compressions for three adult simulation manikins (normal, obese, and morbidly obese) met quality guidelines; to examine any differences in quality of chest compressions performed by health care providers between the three manikins; and to examine the effect of participant characteristics on the quality of chest compressions in obese and morbidly obese manikins...

BACKGROUND: The 2015 guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are based on an update of the 2010 guidelines with minor revisions. It is important to assess the 2010 guidelines to ensure their efficacy, which may help promote widespread adoption of the 2015 guidelines. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study in a single center that evaluated patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) between 2006 and 2014. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between independent variables and outcomes...

AIM: To determine the frequency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)-related injuries and factors involved in their occurrence, data based on forensic autopsy and postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) during implementation of the 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for CPR were studied. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated data on adult patients with non-traumatic deaths who had undergone manual CPR and autopsy from January 2012 to December 2014. CPR-related injuries were analyzed on autopsy records and PMCT images and compared with results of previous studies...

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can increase survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, little is known about bystander CPR quality in real-life OHCA. AIM: To describe bystander CPR quality based on automated external defibrillator (AED) CPR process data during OHCA and compare it with the European Resuscitation Council 2010 and 2015 Guidelines. METHODS: We included OHCA cases from the Capital Region, Denmark, (2012-2016) where a Zoll AED was used before ambulance arrival...

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training is an essential element of clinical skill development for healthcare providers. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has described issues related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care education. Educational interventions have been initiated to try to address these issues using a team-based approach and simulation technologies that offer a controlled, safe learning environment. The aim of the study is to review and synthesize published studies that address the primary question "What are the features and effectiveness of educational interventions related to simulation-enhanced, team-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation training?" We conducted a systematic review focused on educational interventions pertaining to cardiac arrest and emergencies that addressed this main question...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the implementation of automated chest compression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACC-CPR) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Sweden during the years 2011 through 2015. The association between ACC-CPR and 30-day survival was studied as a secondary objective. METHODS: The Swedish cardiopulmonary resuscitation registry is a prospectively recorded nationwide registry of modified Utstein parameters including all patients with attempted resuscitation after OHCA...

Following the guidelines of the Swiss Academy of Medical Science, most Swiss hospitals have implemented advanced directives that define what should be undertaken in case of cardiorespiratory arrest for every patient. This remains difficult to apply for physicians and difficult to understand for patients. From a medical perspective, some confusion occurs around medical directives. Difficulties include subjective misinterpretation of patient's quality of life, as well as decision making bias. In addition, patients overestimate the cardiopulmonary reanimation success rate, modify their choices with time and health status, and might lack their individual ability of discernment...

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Dementia will become more common as the population ages. Advanced dementia should be considered as a terminal illnesses and end-of-life (EOL) care is very much needed for this disease group. Currently, the EOL services provided to this vulnerable group in Hong Kong, especially those living in residential care homes, is limited. The usual practice of residential care homes is to send older residents with advanced dementia to acute hospitals when they are sick, irrespective of their wish, premorbid status, diagnoses and prognosis...

BACKGROUND: The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) periodically updates the consensus recommendations for cardiopulmonary resuscitation to improve the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, little is known about the differences in outcomes of witnessed OHCA following the publication of the ILCOR 2010 and the ILCOR 2005 recommendations. METHODS AND RESULTS: We enrolled 241 990 adults who experienced witnessed OHCA between 2007 and 2013 from a prospective, nation-wide, population-based cohort database in Japan...

BACKGROUND: The American Heart Association and European Resuscitation Council guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation present rules for termination of resuscitation (TOR) in cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In Japan, only doctors are legally allowed TOR in OHCA cases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a new TOR rule that suits the actual situations of the Japanese emergency medical services system. METHODS: Five different combinations of the TOR rule criteria were compared regarding specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for 1-month survival with unfavorable neurologic outcomes...