keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496604/exposure-to-live-saprophytic-leptospira-before-challenge-with-a-pathogenic-serovar-prevents-severe-leptospirosis-and-promotes-kidney-homeostasis
#1
Suman Kundu, Advait Shetty, Maria Gomes-Solecki
UNLABELLED: Previous studies demonstrated that Leptospira biflexa , a saprophytic species, triggers innate immune responses in the host during early infection. This raised the question of whether these responses could suppress a subsequent challenge with pathogenic Leptospira . We inoculated male C3H/HeJ mice with a single or a double dose of L. biflexa before challenge with a pathogenic serovar, L. interrogans ser. Copenhageni FioCruz (LIC). Pre-challenge exposure to L. biflexa did not prevent LIC dissemination and colonization of the kidney...
March 4, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490118/evaluation-of-protective-efficacy-serological-responses-and-cytokine-modulation-induced-by-polyvalent-leptospira-vaccines-in-hamsters
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira, Mara Andrade Colares Maia, Francisco Denis Souza Santos, Amilton Clair Pinto Seixas Neto, Thaís Larré Oliveira Bohn, Odir Antônio Dellagostin
Whole-cell inactivated vaccines (bacterins) are the only licensed vaccines available for leptospirosis prevention and control, especially in domestic and farm animals. However, despite their widespread use, inconsistencies in their efficacy have been reported. Because immunity induced by bacterins is mainly mediated by antibodies against leptospiral lipopolysaccharides, the involvement of cellular responses is not well-known. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and characterize the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by whole-cell inactivated leptospirosis bacterin formulations containing serovars Bratislava, Canicola, Copenhageni, Grippotyphosa, Hardjoprajitno, and Pomona...
March 12, 2024: Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489377/cross-sectional-serosurvey-of-leptospira-species-among-slaughter-pigs-goats-and-sheep-in-uganda
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lordrick Alinaitwe, Christopher Joshua Aturinda, Ashiraf Lubega, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Wainaina, Martin H Richter, Jolly Justine Hoona, Kristina Roesel, Anne Mayer-Scholl, Elizabeth Anne Jessie Cook, Clovice Kankya, Salome Dürr
INTRODUCTION: Leptospira are a group of bacteria, including pathogenic types that cause leptospirosis. In Uganda, Leptospira exposure has been reported in humans, with domesticated animals being speculated as the source. However, comparable evidence of Leptospira prevalence and circulating serovars/serogroups in animals is only documented for cattle, and dogs. Our study determined Leptospira seroprevalence, associated risk factors and serogroups circulating among slaughtered pigs, goats, and sheep in Uganda...
March 15, 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489285/detection-of-pathogenic-leptospira-with-rapid-extraction-followed-by-recombinase-polymerase-amplification-rpa-and-quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction-qpcr-assay-a-comprehensive-study-from-sri-lanka
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hansi Uduwawala, Aresha Manamperi, Gayana P S Gunaratna, Lilani Karunanayake, Arianna Ceruti, Ahmed Abd El Wahed, Lakkumar Fernando, Ranjan Premaratna, Menaka Hapugoda
Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. The disease is more prevalent in tropical regions where the majority of developing countries are located. Leptospirosis is considered a protean manifestation zoonosis with severity of the disease ranging from a mild febrile illness to a severe and life-threatening illness. Clinical symptoms of leptospirosis overlap with other tropical febrile illnesses. Early, rapid, and definitive diagnosis is important for effective patient management. Since Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based assays are not readily available in most clinical settings, there is a need for an affordable, simple, and rapid diagnostic test...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483092/antibiotics-for-treatment-of-leptospirosis
#5
REVIEW
Tin Zar Win, Su Myat Han, Tansy Edwards, Hsu Thinzar Maung, David M Brett-Major, Chris Smith, Nathaniel Lee
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a disease transmitted from animals to humans through water, soil, or food contaminated with the urine of infected animals, caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the management of leptospirosis. Despite the widespread use of antibiotic treatment for leptospirosis, there seems to be insufficient evidence to determine its effectiveness or to recommend antibiotic use as a standard practice. This updated systematic review evaluated the available evidence regarding the use of antibiotics in treating leptospirosis, building upon a previously published Cochrane review...
March 14, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483067/antibiotic-prophylaxis-for-leptospirosis
#6
REVIEW
Tin Zar Win, Tanaraj Perinpanathan, Patrick Mukadi, Chris Smith, Tansy Edwards, Su Myat Han, Hsu Thinzar Maung, David M Brett-Major, Nathaniel Lee
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic and waterborne disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. Antibiotics are used as a strategy for prevention of leptospirosis, in particular in travellers and high-risk groups. However, the clinical benefits are unknown, especially when considering possible treatment-associated adverse effects. This review assesses the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in leptospirosis and is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Library (2009, Issue 3)...
March 14, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477003/relevance-of-polymerase-chain-reaction-in-early-diagnosis-of-leptospirosis
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T V Sreevalsan, Rohitha Chandra
AIM AND BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is common in India, especially in the southern states. Mortality is high among untreated cases. Diagnosis of leptospirosis remains a challenge in India as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which is more sensitive than Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is not widely available. This study aimed to find out the difference in diagnostic yield with PCR and IgM in early leptospirosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study included 67 adults with laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis (IgM, PCR, or both) who presented within 7 days of symptom onset and were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)...
March 2024: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476949/exploring-the-complex-interplay-gut-microbiome-stress-and-leptospirosis
#8
REVIEW
Pavlo Petakh, Valentyn Oksenych, Iryna Kamyshna, Iryna Boisak, Katerina Lyubomirskaya, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
Leptospirosis, a re-emerging zoonotic disease, remains a significant global health concern, especially amid floods and disasters such as the Kakhovka Dam destruction. As is known, the stress that occurs in the conditions of military conflicts among civilian and military personnel significantly affects susceptibility to infectious diseases and possibly even influences their course. This review aims to explore how the gut microbiome and stress mediators (such as catecholamines and corticosteroids) might impact the leptospirosis disease course...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470679/a-fatal-case-of-presumptive-diagnosis-of-leptospirosis-involving-the-central-nervous-system
#9
Christina Alexopoulou, Athanasia Proklou, Sofia Kokkini, Maria Raissaki, Ioannis Konstantinou, Eumorfia Kondili
Leptospirosis is a reemerging zooanthroponosis with a worldwide distribution, though it has a higher incidence in areas with tropical climate. A characteristic finding of the disease is its wide spectrum of symptoms and organ involvement, as it can appear either with very mild flu-like manifestations or with multiorgan failure, affecting the central nervous system (CNS) with a concomitant hepatorenal dysfunction (Weil's syndrome) and significant high mortality rate. We report herein a fatal case of a 25 years old female, previously healthy, with impaired neurological status...
February 29, 2024: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468746/scrub-typhus-an-underestimated-infectious-disease-attributable-to-community-acquired-acute-kidney-injury
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arpita Paul, Vaishali Sarma, Parasmita Das Choudhury, Gayatri Pegu, Kishore Sarma, Anisha Sarma, Lahari Saikia
UNLABELLED: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) associated with Scrub typhus is an emerging health problem which is more common in the tropics including India. This study intended to find out the occurrence of Scrub typhus among the Community Acquired Acute Kidney Injury patients in a tertiary care hospital in Assam, North East India. AKI patients with acute febrile illness admitted to Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam were included in the study and demographic characteristics along with clinical features were recorded...
March 2024: Indian Journal of Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465663/persistent-fever-in-acute-hepatitis-think-beyond-acute-viral-hepatitis
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arghya Samanta, Ujjal Poddar, Moinak Sen Sarma, Anshu Srivastava, Surender Kumar Yachha, Prabhakar Mishra
BACKGROUND: Acute hepatitis due to various tropical infections can mimic the clinical picture of acute viral hepatitis(AVH), leading to increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify clinical and laboratory parameters that could help to distinguish acute hepatitis due to tropical infections from AVH. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our database of 150 children (107 boys) with AVH and 50 children(34 boys)with acute hepatitis due to tropical infections between January 2013 and March 2023...
March 11, 2024: Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451383/viral-hepatitis-induced-acute-liver-failure
#12
REVIEW
Sagnik Biswas, Ramesh Kumar, Shalimar, Subrat Kumar Acharya
Viral hepatitis-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a preventable cause for liver-related mortality worldwide. Viruses are the most common cause for ALF in developing nations in contrast to the west, where acetaminophen is largely responsible. Viruses may be hepatotropic or affect the liver secondary to a systemic infection. In tropical countries, infections such as leptospirosis, scrub typhus and malaria can mimic the symptoms of ALF. Differentiating these ALF mimics is crucial because they require etiology-specific therapy...
March 7, 2024: Indian Journal of Gastroenterology: Official Journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435371/seroprevalence-of-pathogenic-leptospira-serogroups-in-asymptomatic-domestic-dogs-and-cats-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#13
REVIEW
Tamara Ricardo, Lucía Isabel Azócar-Aedo, María Andrea Previtali, Gustavo Monti
Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease transmitted by contact with the urine of animals infected with pathogenic species of the bacteria Leptospira or by contact with environments contaminated with the bacteria. Domestic dogs and cats may act as reservoirs or as sentinels of environmental contamination with leptospires, posing a public health concern. There is a great diversity of leptospires, and one common way to classify them is into serogroups that provide some information on the host species they are associated with...
2024: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38420296/unmasking-the-enigma-of-weil-s-disease-a-case-report
#14
Yusuf Yalcin, Ibrahim Kamel, Harinder Singh
We present the case of a 37-year-old male with Weil's disease, a severe form of leptospirosis, who presented without typical ecological risk factors. Initially manifesting as weakness, muscle aches, and fever, the patient rapidly deteriorated, necessitating ICU admission due to septic shock and respiratory failure. Despite initial diagnostic challenges, including normal initial imaging and inconclusive laboratory findings, a presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis was made using Modified Faine's criteria. Empirical antibiotic treatment with doxycycline led to significant clinical improvement, highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment in severe cases of leptospirosis...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409338/seroprevalence-and-associated-risk-factors-for-bovine-leptospirosis-in-egypt
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abdelfattah Selim, Mohamed Marzok, Hattan S Gattan, Abdelhamed Abdelhady, Mohamed Salem, Abdelrahman M Hereba
Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira and is one of causative agents of reproductive problems leading to negative economic impact on bovine worldwide. The goal of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in cattle in some governorates of Egypt's Nile Delta and assess the risk factors for infection. A total of 410 serum samples were collected from cattle and examined using microscopic agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 10.2% and the most prevalent serovars were Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Canicola...
February 26, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409294/first-isolation-and-genotyping-of-pathogenic-leptospira-spp-from-austria
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cynthia Sohm, Denise Willixhofer, Eva Fasching, Karoline Waldner, Nicole Deitzer, Janina Steiner, Julia Jöbstl, Corina Schleicher, Marcel Schwarz, Reinhard Fuchs, Pascale Bourhy, Annemarie Käsbohrer, Thomas Wittek, Clair Firth, Romana Steinparzer, Amélie Desvars-Larrive
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonotic disease. The standard serological test, known as Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), requires the use of live Leptospira strains. To enhance its sensitivity and specificity, the usage of locally circulating strains is recommended. However, to date, no local strain is available from Austria. This study aimed to isolate circulating Leptospira strains from cattle in Austria to enhance the performances of the routine serological test for both humans and animals...
February 26, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38399649/characterisation-of-putative-outer-membrane-proteins-from-leptospira-borgpetersenii-serovar-hardjo-bovis-identifies-novel-adhesins-and-diversity-in-adhesion-across-genomospecies-orthologs
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman, Gareth James Staton, Stuart Ainsworth, Stuart D Carter, Nicholas James Evans
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease affecting mammalian species worldwide. Cattle are a major susceptible host; infection with pathogenic Leptospira spp. represents a public health risk and results in reproductive failure and reduced milk yield, causing economic losses. The characterisation of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from disease-causing bacteria dissects pathogenesis and underpins vaccine development. As most leptospire pathogenesis research has focused on Leptospira interrogans , this study aimed to characterise novel OMPs from another important genomospecies, Leptospira borgpetersenii , which has global distribution and is relevant to bovine and human diseases...
January 24, 2024: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38398036/fulminant-leptospirosis-presenting-with-rapidly-developing-acute-renal-failure-and-multiorgan-failure
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Hsien Liu, Yu-Hsuan Chen, Chuan-Mu Chen
Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the Leptospira genus , is a common zoonosis in tropical and subtropical regions and can lead to an epidemic following heavy rainfall or flooding. The primary reservoirs of Leptospira include rodents, wild animals, dogs, cats, amphibians, and others, but the brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) remains the main source of human Leptospirosis. Humans are often accidental hosts and they can be infected through cuts, abrasions, mucosa, conjunctiva, or by ingesting contaminated water...
February 15, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38396569/detection-of-antibodies-for-pathogenic-leptospira-in-wild-mammals-and-birds-from-southern-chile-first-record-of-seropositivity-in-a-gui%C3%A3-a-leopardus-guigna
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luis Balcázar, Lucía Azócar-Aedo, Violeta Barrera, Gloria Meniconi, Victoria Muñoz, Carola Valencia-Soto
Leptospirosis is a neglected bacterial zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution that is present in different animal species. This epidemiological study determined the seroprevalence of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in animals at a wildlife rehabilitation center in Puerto Montt, southern Chile, by sampling 60 animals belonging to three classes (birds, mammals, and reptiles). Diagnosis was performed using the microscopic agglutination test with a panel of eight serovars and serogroups. The results showed that 15 animals had anti- Leptospira antibodies, obtaining a seroprevalence of 25...
February 12, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390138/using-participatory-epidemiology-to-investigate-the-causes-of-cattle-abortion-in-southwest-ethiopia
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dereje Tulu Robi, Ararsa Bogale, Shiferaw Temteme, Melkam Aleme, Beksisa Urge
Cattle abortion, stemming from both infectious and non-infectious causes, lead to notable financial setbacks in the cattle industry. Between October 2020 and October 2021, an epidemiological investigation took place in Southwest Ethiopia. The objective was to determine the magnitude and seasonal occurrence of the presumed causes of cattle abortion. Information for this research was collected through 30 group discussions, each involving 8-12 participants. Various participatory epidemiological tools, including semi-structured interviews, pairwise ranking, matrix scoring, proportional piling, and seasonal calendars, were employed in the designated areas...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
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