Orthopedics, physical therapy, randomised controlled trial, systematic review and meta- analysis

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the proportion attributable to contextual effects of physical therapy interventions for musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched Ovid, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, PEDro, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, and SPORTDiscus databases from inception to April 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effect of physical therapy interventions on musculoskeletal pain. DATA SYNTHESIS: Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (ROB 2...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of remote rehabilitation interventions for people living with chronic musculoskeletal pain and depression. DESIGN: A systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized control trials. LITERATURE SEARCH: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, PSYNDEX and PsycINFO until May 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of remote rehabilitation interventions in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain and depression...

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend exercise for the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA), however, recently it has been suggested that including additional lifestyle modifications with a traditional exercise program may elicit greater benefits than exercise alone. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of the addition of lifestyle modifications to a traditional exercise program, with respect to functional outcomes and quality of life among individuals with knee OA...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of exercise on pain self-efficacy in adults with nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases from October 20, 2018, to March 23, 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials that compared the effect of exercise on pain self-efficacy to control, in adults with NSCLBP...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate whether cognitive functional therapy (CFT) is an effective treatment for adults with chronic low back pain (LBP). DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched 4 electronic databases (CENTRAL, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Embase) and 2 clinical trial registers (ClinicalTrials. gov and the EU Clinical Trials Register) from inception up to March 2022. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials evaluating CFT for adults with LBP...

OBJECTIVE: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Pilates, a programme of mind-body exercises is theorised to have beneficial effects on strength, postural control, balance, proprioception, coordination and gait in people with deficits due to a neurological condition. However, the evidence of pilates in stroke patients has never been systemised. The objectives of this systematic literature review are to investigate the effects of pilates in post stroke individuals and compare this intervention to other forms of exercise, standard care and/or physiotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain is prevalent amongst society, making it necessary to find strategies to manage chronic pain. Regular exercise is efficacious; however, pain is a barrier to initiating exercise. A single exercise session is also believed to acutely reduce pain, however, the evidence for this is less robust. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the effect of a single exercise session on pain intensity in adults with chronic pain...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of nonsurgical treatments on pain and function in people with patellofemoral pain (PFP). DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from their inception until May 2022 for interventional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in people with PFP. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs that were scored ≥7 on the PEDro scale. DATA SYNTHESIS: We extracted homogenous pain and function data at short- (≤3 months), medium- (>3 to ≤12 months) and long-term (>12 months) follow-up...

QUESTIONS: To report the characteristics of exercise interventions and ascertain their effectiveness compared to surgery on quality of life, disability, and pain for people with large to massive rotator cuff tendon tears (L-MRCTTs). DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). PARTICIPANTS: Adults with L-MRCTTs defined as; >5 cm, 2 or more tendons. INTERVENTION: Exercise as an intervention for L-MRCTTs...

OBJECTIVE: To determine which type of exercise is best for reducing pain and disability in adults with chronic low back pain (LBP). DESIGN: Systematic review with a network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). LITERATURE SEARCH: Six electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to July 2021. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs testing the effects of exercise on reducing self-perceived pain or disability in adults (aged 18-65 years) with chronic LBP...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of individual patient education for managing acute and/or subacute low back pain (LBP), compared to no intervention/placebo education, noneducational interventions, or other type of education. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized trials. LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, Embase, Scopus, and CENTRAL (up to September 30, 2020); reference lists of previous systematic reviews. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating individual education for patients with acute and/or subacute LBP...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of implementing interventions to improve guideline-recommended imaging referrals in low back pain. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to June 14, 2021, as well as Google Scholar and reference lists of relevant systematic reviews published in the last 10 years...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of running gait retraining on kinematics, kinetics, performance, pain, and injury in distance runners. DESIGN: Intervention systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: Seven electronic databases from inception to March 2021. TRIAL SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials that (1) evaluated running gait retraining compared to no intervention, usual training, placebo, or standard care and (2) reported biomechanical, physiological, performance, or clinical outcomes...

BACKGROUND: A variety of treatments aim to reduce thoracic hyperkyphosis in adults, thereby improving posture and reducing possible complications. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of treatments to reduce thoracic hyperkyphosis. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to March 2021. Two authors independently selected randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of treatments to reduce thoracic hyperkyphosis in adults...

BACKGROUND: Biofeedback is used to optimise muscle activation patterns in people with neck pain. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of electromyographic and pressure biofeedback on pain, disability and work ability in adults with neck pain. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched key databases and trial registries to September 2020, using terms synonymous with 'neck pain' and 'biofeedback'...

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine and trunk. The most common form involve adolescents. The prevalence is 2-3% of the population, with 1 out of 6 patients requiring treatment of which 25% progress to surgery. Physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) plays a primary role in the so-called conservative treatment of adolescents with IS, since all the therapeutic tools used (exercises and braces) fall into the PRM domain. According to a Cochrane systematic review there is evidence in favor of bracing, even if it is of low quality...

PURPOSE: Conservative management of patellar dislocation can result in recurrent instability in up to 60% of patients. Surgery is therefore advocated in an attempt to reduce the incidence of recurrent dislocation and instability. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of operative to non-operative treatment strategies for patients following patellar dislocation. METHODS: A systematic review of published and unpublished literature was undertaken...

Traditionally, the treatment options for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), the most common form of scoliosis, are exercises; in-patient rehabilitation; braces and surgery. The outcomes of treatments are usually compared with the natural history or observation (non-intervention). The aim of this paper was to provide a synopsis of all treatment options in the light of evidence based practice (EBP). A systematic review was carried out using the most encompassing databases available. Literature has been searched for the outcome parameter ''rate of progression'' and only prospective controlled studies that have considered the treatment versus the natural history have been included...