Heart operation

Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative analgesic and adverse effects of three doses of dexamethasone, administered epidurally in combination with lignocaine, in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Methods: Twenty-four female dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy were pre-medicated with acepromazine and general anaesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol. Animals were randomly allocated into four groups of six. The control group was given lignocaine 2% (LI) and the treatment groups were given lignocaine with either 2 mg dexamethasone (LIDEX2), 4 mg dexamethasone (LIDEX4) or 8 mg dexamethasone (LIDEX8) administered at the lumbosacral epidural space...

BACKGROUND: The most commonly impacted tooth is the third molar. An impacted third molar can ultimately cause acute pain, infection, tumors, cysts, caries, periodontal disease, and loss of adjacent teeth. Local anesthesia is employed for removing the third molar. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 or 1:200,000 epinephrine for surgical extraction of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars. METHODS: Sixty-five healthy participants underwent surgical extraction of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars in 2 separate visits while under local anesthesia with 2% lidocaine with different epinephrine concentration (1:80,000 or 1:200,000) in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial...

BACKGROUND: A significant gap presently exists between box-lap and virtual-reality simulators and live surgery. Live animal and cadaver use has significant downsides. We have developed a high fidelity, real tissue simulator that allows training in laparoscopic foregut operations. METHODS: Our foregut surgery model is based on porcine tissue blocks that include lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, diaphragm, stomach, duodenum, liver, and spleen. The tissue block is mounted in a human mannequin and perfused with artificial blood...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to test the hypothesis that heart deformation analysis can automatically quantify regional myocardial motion patterns in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with cardiac amyloidosis and 11 healthy control subjects were recruited to undergo cardiac MRI. Cine images were analyzed using heart deformation analysis and feature tracking. Heart deformation analysis-derived myocardial motion indexes in radial and circumferential directions, including radial and circumferential displacement, radial and circumferential velocity, radial and circumferential strain, and radial and circumferential strain rate, were compared between the two groups...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the effects of hypothermic ventricular fibrillation and beating-heart techniques during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on postoperative outcomes after simple pulmonary valve replacement in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 47 patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot at a single institution, who received pulmonary valve replacement under the ventricular fibrillation or beating-heart technique without cardioplegic cardiac arrest during CPB between January 2005 and April 2015...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technical advantages of 3D laparoscopic and 2D laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal tumors. METHODS: Clinical data of gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing 3D laparoscopic or 2D laparoscopic surgery from January 2015 to January 2017 in our department were retrospectively analyzed These patients included 93 gastric cancer cases undergoing laparoscopic radical resection (total gastrectomy, 48 cases in 3D group, 45 cases in 2D group), 45 rectal cancer cases undergoing radical resection combined with lateral lymph node dissection (27 cases in 3D group, 18 cases in 2D group) and 76 right colon cancer cases undergoing radical resection (37 cases in 3D group, 39 cases in 2D group)...

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and plastic bronchitis (PB) are major causes of long-term mortality after Fontan operation. The objective of this study was to determine early clinical risk factors before the onset of PLE and PB. In a cohort study, 106 Fontan patients between 2005 and 2013 were examined. A median of 5.3 (1.5-8.5) years later, follow-up questionnaires were used to group the patients in a PLE or PB group (n = 14) and a non-PLE/PB group (n = 92). Prevalence of PLE was 9.4% (n = 10) and of PB 3...

Heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) is a stress-inducible protein crucial in heme catabolism. The end products of its enzymatic activity possess anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardioprotective effects of Hmox1 were demonstrated in experimental models of myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, its importance in timely resolution of post-ischemic inflammation remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to determine the role of Hmox1 in the monocyte/macrophage-mediated cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of MI...

Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery originating from the pulmonary trunk (ARCAPA) is a rare congenital coronary anomaly with an estimated prevalence of 0.002%. Most patients are asymptomatic and the anomaly is detected incidentally during evaluation for other problems. Occasionally, ARCAPA may lead to myocardial ischemia and/or sudden cardiac arrest. We present a case of a 55-year-old female with a history of hypertension who presented to the emergency department with intermittent chest discomfort for three days...

BACKGROUND: Hawthorn species decreases blood pressure and relaxes precontracted vessels. This study aimed at examining the antihypertensive effect and related mechanisms of hydroalcoholic extract of Crataegus azarolus subspecies aronia fruit in rats with renovascular hypertension. METHODS: Six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, each containing 6 to 8 rats, were studied. The groups comprised of one sham group and 5 renal artery-clipped groups. The sham group received vehicle (distilled water 0...

The role of heater-cooler units (HCUs) in the transmission of Mycobacterium chimaera during open heart surgery has been recognized since 2013. Subsequent investigations uncovered a remarkable global outbreak reflecting the wide distribution of implicated devices. HCUs are an essential component of cardiopulmonary bypass operations and their withdrawal would severely affect capacity for life-saving cardiac surgery. However, studies have demonstrated that many HCUs are contaminated with a wide range of micro-organisms, including M...

Co-morbidities increase markedly with aging, and they often negatively affect its prognosis. Although mortality with transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) is significantly less than for open mitral valve surgery in patients at high surgical risk, it remains a concern to identify which patients will benefit from this treatment. Some prognostic metrics have been reported to guide better patient selection; however, universal risk stratification measures have not been established. This study aimed to determine if age-adjusted Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI) could predict mortality in patients who underwent TMVr and to assess its discriminatory performance in long-term outcomes...

BACKGROUND: The Fontan circulation, a result of a palliative procedure in patients with single systemic ventricles, is defined by chronically elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. When traditional heart failure therapies fail, pharmacological agents that reduce pulmonary artery pressures may be used. These include endothelial-receptor antagonists, prostanoids and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. We report the first use of macitentan, an endothelin-receptor antagonist, in a patient with a Fontan circulation...

Hibernators have a distinctive ability to adapt to seasonal changes of body temperature in a range between 37°C and near freezing, exhibiting, among other features, a unique reversibility of cardiac contractility. The adaptation of myocardial contractility in hibernation state relies on alterations of excitation contraction coupling, which becomes less-dependent from extracellular Ca2+ entry and is predominantly controlled by Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, replenished by the Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)...

Catheterization of laboratory mice is commonly performed in biomedical research to infuse substances and for blood sampling. One approach is to catheterize the right common carotid artery and advance the catheter until the tip is positioned in the aorta or the proximal brachiocephalic trunk. Owing to the small body size of the mouse, a catheter tends to occupy a great part of even the larger vessel lumens, and this may increase vascular resistance with potential pathophysiological impacts on the heart. The present study compared cardiac function of catheterized mice, with catheter tip placement in the brachiocephalic trunk, with sham-operated mice and non-operated control mice...

Inappropriate left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) can result in subsequent severe dysfunction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that decellularized pericardium (DP) or seeded pericardial patch with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) could be safely used in a MI scar and could improve heart function. Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into three equal groups. Four weeks after MI induction by ligation of the left anterior descending artery in 12 rabbits, animals of G1 (n = 4) received DP patch with labeled ADMSCs...

BACKGROUND: Bilateral adrenalectomy is performed in cases with infantile-onset Cushing syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) because severe Cushing syndrome with heart failure and liver dysfunction can have a lethal outcome. This procedure can completely ameliorate hypercortisolism, although lifetime steroid replacement therapy and steps to prevent adrenal crisis are necessary. Recently, the efficacy of unilateral adrenalectomy has been reported in adult cases of bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, but there is no consensus regarding the appropriate surgical treatment for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in MAS...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac valve disease is common in patients with end-stage heart failure undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation (LVAD). The aim of this study was to determine if preoperative mitral regurgitation (MR) affects outcomes and hemodynamics in patients after LVAD implantation. METHODS: From March 2006 through May 2015, 238 consecutive patients underwent LVAD implantation. Patient cohorts included less than moderate to severe MR (< moderate-severe, n = 195) and greater than or equal to moderate to severe MR (≥ moderate-severe, n = 43)...

Although measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) may be relevant for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and/or prognosis in patients with pulmonary hypertension, RVEF obtained by echocardiography has limited accuracy. In contrast, radionuclide and/or magnetic resonance imaging can measure RVEF more reliably. In this study, we investigated the relationship between RVEF measured by radionuclide angiography and the echocardiographic parameters that are recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography as representative of right heart function...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to create a new risk nomogram to predict perioperative major adverse cardiac events in patients undergoing colorectal carcinoma surgery. METHODS: A total of 1899 patients who underwent colorectal carcinoma surgery at a tertiary teaching hospital in China between 2007 and 2012 were recruited. Logistic regression analysis was used to define risk factors for major adverse cardiac events. A nomogram-predicting model was built based on the logistic regression model and discrimination was tested by receiver operating characteristic curves...