organ phosphorus intoxication

Some people living in Japan have traditionally eaten the internal organs of small cetaceans (toothed whales and dolphins), and a mixed package of boiled liver, kidney, lung, and so on is still marketed for human consumption. Recently, we reported that these organs are highly contaminated with mercury. In this study, we investigated the absorption, distribution, excretion, and biochemical parameters in serum and urine after a single oral administration of boiled whale liver containing 1980 microg/g of total mercury and 23...

The Reserve of Biosphere of Camargue [French National Nature Reserve of Camargue (NNRC)] is a protected area frequently exposed to natural and anthropogenic environmental alterations. To evaluate potential contamination of fish with lipophilic chemicals-organochlorines (OCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-a biological monitoring survey was carried out. Metabolic reserve levels were evaluated to select appropriate biological indicators able to be significant biomarkers. In addition, the incorporation of xenobiotic molecules in the lipid compartments was investigated...

In this study, sociodemographic, laboratory, and clinical features of cases of organic phosphorus (OP) intoxication in the Southeast Anatolian region of Turkey were investigated. Patients with OP intoxication admitted to the Emergency Service of Dicle University Hospital in Diyarbakyir City between May and August 1998 were evaluated. This prospective cohort study included five male (M) and 19 female (F) consecutive patients. Five cases were accidental intoxication; however, 19 cases were suicide attempts. Mean age of cases was 24+/-11 years; 54...

Complete clinical examination covered 37 patients in various stages after acute occupational poisonings with pesticides (8 examinees), with explosive gases (9 subjects), with carbon oxide (3 examinees), with cadmium oxides (1 examinee), with nitrogen compounds (4 ones), with sulfurous gases (2 examinees), with organic solvents (10 subjects) including chlorinated hydrocarbons (2 subjects). Post-intoxication period appeared to include syndromes characteristic for each poison and corresponding to severity of acute state (from cephalgia to parkinsonism and thyrotoxicosis after acute poisoning with carbon oxide, organic neurologic signs and toxic hepatitis after acute poisoning with phosphorus organic compounds, cerebral asthenia after acute exposure to organic solvents, severe encephalopathy and toxic auditory and optic neuropathy after hydrogen sulfide)...

Changes in hematological and serum biochemistry parameters in female zinc (Zn)-dosed farm-raised mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) fed four different diets were examined. Sixty ducks received an average dose of 0.97 g of Zn in the form of eight, 3.30-mm diameter shot pellets containing 98% Zn and 2% tin, and another 60 ducks were sham-dosed as controls. Fifteen ducks from each of the two dosing groups were assigned to one of four dietary treatments: corn only, corn with soil, commercial duck ration only, or commercial duck ration with soil...

The authors discuss a possibility to estimate risk of chronic intoxication by 2,4-D agricultural preparations and phosphorus organic pesticides among rural inhabitants having occupational contact with the chemicals. The estimation could be based on lipid metabolism parameters.

A pathological study on 5 of 21 cats affected naturally with systemic calcinosis was performed. The animals ranged in age from 1 to 9 years. Hematology and serum chemistry analyses showed the elevated values of phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. X-ray examination disclosed the increased density of systemic bones. Histologically, marked calcification was present at the vascular walls of almost all the organs including the lungs, trachea, kidneys, heart, aorta, alimentary tracts, choroid plexus and bones...

Two methods, electron microscopy and wavelength dispersive electron probe microanalysis, were used to determine the intracellular sites and chemical form of concentrations of neptunium nitrate 237 after chronic intoxication by the intraperitoneal route in two organs in the rat known to concentrate this element (kidney, liver). Abnormal intranuclear formations in the form of clusters of dense granules containing neptunium, phosphorus, sulphur, and calcium were found in the nuclei of kidney proximal tubule cells and hepatocytes...

Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) is an autosomal dominant trait comprising hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, parathyroid hyperplasia, and unusually low renal clearance of calcium. We evaluated the role of parathyroid hormone in the relative hypocalciuria of FHH and characterized the renal transport of calcium in this disorder using three previously hypercalcemic FHH patients with surgical hypoparathyroidism and three controls with surgical hypoparathyroidism. Intravenous infusion of calcium chloride in two patients with FHH and in three controls increased serum calcium from a mean basal of 5...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

A sensitive and specific assay for the quantitation of phencyclidine (PCP), its several metabolites, and derivatives in biological samples is described. The method is based on the extraction of PCP and related compounds with organic solvents followed by gas chromatographic (GC) separation with nitrogen-phosphorous (NP) detection of the extract derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The detection limit was about 5 pmol per injection with a linear standard curve to 16 nmol in the initial sample. The recovery of different compounds ranged from 80 to 98%...

Investigations were carried out with pigs divided into four groups and treated with monensin-Na at rates of 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg, once only, through a nose-pharyngeal tube. The total change in the clinical status was followed up. Most characteristic were found to be the changes setting in with the posture and locomotive apparatus--prolonged lying, pareses, etc. Blood was checked in the dynamic course of the disease at the 4th and the 24th hour as well as on the 6th day following monensin-Na treatment. The amount of haemoglobin and the erythrocyte count rose in the early stage of intoxication, and came back to normal after the 24 th hour...

The effects of acute ethanol intoxication in different rat organs were studied with 32P. Since 32P incorporation in all compounds of cell membrane formation faithfully illustrate their structural and functional integrity, levels of 32P labelled phospholipids, from different organs were investigated in acute experiments. Researches were carried out on male rats, by administering doses of 3.5 and 5.8 g/kg body wt., and killing them at 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The response of the liver, brain, kidneys and spleen depends on the administered dose and varies with time...

The influence of different doses of ethanol on the phospholipid metabolism in rat was investigated with 32P. Male rats received by oral intubation a single intoxicating dose of ethanol (3.5 or 5.8 g/kg body wt) as a 45% solution. The corresponding control rats received an equal volume of water. The rats were killed at 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The liver, brain, kidney and spleen responses depend on the administered dose and vary with time.

To evaluate the hypothesis that depressed neuromuscular transmission causes dithiobiuret (DTB)-induced muscle weakness in rats, the temporal development of impaired treadmill performance and deficits in the nerve-elicited muscle contractions were compared during daily treatment with the toxicant (DTB, 1 mg/kg/day X 6 days). Diminished treadmill test performance after 4 days of treatment marked the initial detection of impaired motor function. At this time fading (loss of tension during tetanus) of gastrocnemius contractions elicited in response to 100-Hz sciatic nerve stimulation occurred in DTB-treated rats but not in controls...

Pharmacological inhibition of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion has been the object of several experimental and clinical trials in the past. It is only recently that a drug, WR-2721 [S-,2-(3-aminopropylamino)-,ethylphosphorothioic acid], has been shown to effectively inhibit PTH secretion in euparathyroid subjects and in parathyroid cancer patients within a few hours after its administration. In the present study we tested its long term efficacy as a PTH inhibitor in a model of nephrocalcinosis resulting from secondary hyperparathyroidism...

It was shown on a model of intoxication of hens with aphos possessing a selective neuroparalytic action that the target-enzyme neurotoxic esterase changed its activity in the brain, spleen and lymphocytes of the peripheral blood. The authors describe a method of determination of the activity of neurotoxic esterase in human peripheral blood lymphocytes that may be used for biomonitoring of the effect of phosphorus organic compounds possessing a delayed neurotoxic action.

Acute alcohol intoxication (AAI, 2.5 g/kg intraperitoneally) was found to be followed by ATP level increase in all brain regions under study. As a result, creatinine kinase and ATPase activities were decreased. Following administration of lithium carbonate (80 mg/kg intragastrically) and ethanol, the content of ATP was increased in the thalamus and cerebellum regions while ATPase activity and non-organic phosphorus level were decreased. Under this condition creatinine kinase activity in the brain cortex as well as in the cerebellum increased as compared to AAI group of animals...

A gas chromatographic method is presented to measure cocaine in serum, plasma or blood. To reduce the in-vitro chemical and enzymic hydrolysis of cocaine, samples should be collected into fluoride oxalate tubes, frozen immediately and stored at -20 degrees C until analysis. Extractions are carried out in disposable glass tubes immersed in an ice-bath. The method uses a single step extraction from a mildly basic solution into n-butyl acetate containing maprotiline internal standard. A portion of the upper organic layer is chromatographed for 5 min isothermally on a packed column (3% SP2250) with nitrogen-phosphorus detection...